Climate Science Explained by Team Norvergence

1. CLIMATE SCIENCE
Explained by Team Norvergence

2. ClimateScienceExplainedby
TeamNorvergence
The planet’s climate has changed throughout
history. In the last 650,000 years,
environmentalists at Norvergence found that
there have been 7 cycles of glacial advance and
retreat that has a huge impact on climate
change. The global annual surface air
temperature of earth has increased by about
1.0°C over the last 120 years.

3. The earth has already seen a record-breaking
climate-related weather extreme and this trend is
expected to continue over upcoming climate
timescales.
The various studies or researches, based on
extensive evidence found that climate change is
extremely linked with human activities, especially
emissions of greenhouse gases.

4. Human Fingerprint on
Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)

5. There is no doubt that greenhouse gases are important
to the survival of humans and other living things,
keeping earth livable by stopping some of the sun’s
warm reflecting into the atmosphere.
But, because of human supported deforestation,
industrialization, and large scale agricultural activities,
the level of greenhouse gases have risen
exponentially.

6. Norvergence wants all of you to know about
the following things:
The concentration of GHGs is directly linked to
the average global temperature on Earth
Since the time of the Industrial revolution, the
mean global temperature is rising nonstop
Carbon Dioxide (the product of burning fossil
fuels) is accounted for about two-thirds of GHGs.
Not only GHGs, but there are also many other
factors lead to climate change. We will discuss it on
this website but let’s start from Step 1 i.e.

7. Human Role in Future
Climate

8. Earth climate changes in response to both natural
and anthropogenic drivers.
The influence of natural drivers on the external
forcing of Earth’s climate is overwhelmed by human
emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and other greenhouse gases.
Due to the buildup of atmospheric CO2 from human
emissions, ocean acidification, and climate change
are already occurring at a massive rate.

9. Features & Distribution of
Climate Change

10. It helps in-Determining whether a human
influence on climate variables.
Evaluating whether model simulations are
consistent with observed trends or other
changes in the climate system.
It analyzes the causes of observed changes in
climate change.

11. Types of Features & Distribution of Climate
Change :
Attribution of trends or long-term changes in
climate variables
Attribution of changes in extremes
Attribution of weather or climate events
Attribution of climate-related impacts
Estimation of climate sensitivity using observational
constraints

12. Physical Drivers of Climate
Change

13. This section lays out the foundation of climate
change by explaining its physical drivers and the
principle radiative forcings and the different variety of
feedback responses.
Radiative Forcing (RF): It is used to quantify a
radiative imbalance in Earth’s atmosphere and is
expressed as a change in net radiative flux (W/m2).

14. Effective Radiative Forcing (ERF): It is defined as its
RF plus rapid adjustment(s) to that RF.
Drivers of climate change: Natural drivers (solar
irradiance, volcanoes), Anthropogenic drivers
(principal well-mixed greenhouse gases, other well-
mixed greenhouse gases, water vapor, ozone,
aerosols, land surface, and contrails).

15. Temperature Changes in the
United States
Observed changes in annual average temperature (°F) for
each National Climate Assessment region.
Changes are the difference between the average for
present-day (1986–2016) and the average for the first half
of the last century (1901–1960 for the contiguous United
States, 1925–1960 for Alaska, Hawai‘i, and the Caribbean).

16. Temperature Changes in the United States

17. Norvergence: Observed changes in the coldest and
warmest daily temperatures (°F) of the year for
each National Climate Assessment region in the
contiguous United States.
Changes are the difference between the average
for present-day (1986–2016) and the average for
the first half of the last century (1901–1960).

19. Future Scenarios

20. Stabilizing global temperature at or below a
certain threshold such as 3.6°F is important and it
generally discusses at the Paris agreement.
We have to take initiatives to make Global net
carbon emissions reach zero.

21. THANK
YOU
NORVERGENCE