1. Northampton Main/King Charrette
NelsonNygaard Consulting Associates
1

2. Overbuilt streets cause speeding
2

3. Planning for pedestrian safety: Principles
Leaf, W. and Preusser, D. Literature Review on Vehicle Travel Speeds and Pedestrian Injuries
Among Selected Racial/Ethnic Groups, NHTSA (USA), 1999.
3

4. Wide Streets Are Less Safe
Street widths and injury accident rate, graphic by Peter Swift
4

5. Seattle Conversions (4 to 3 Lane)
Roadway Date ADT ADT Collision
Location Change Before After Reduction
Greenwood Ave N 24 to 10
Apr-95 11872 12427
N 80th St to N 50th 58%
N 45th Street 45 to 23
Dec-72 19421 20274
Wallingford Area 49%
8th Ave NW 18 to 7
Jan-94 10549 11858
Ballard Area 61%
Martin Luther King Jr W 15 to 6
Jan-94 12336 13161
North of I 90 60%
Dexter Ave N 19 to 16
Jun-91 13606 14949
Queen Ann Area 59%
24th Ave NW 14 to 10
Oct-95 9727 9754
NW 85th to NW 65th 28%
5

6. Taking a Road Diet
6

7. Seattle Conversions (4 to 3 Lane)
Roadway Date ADT ADT Collision
Location Change Before After Reduction
Greenwood Ave N 24 to 10
Apr-95 11872 12427
N 80th St to N 50th 58%
N 45th Street 45 to 23
Dec-72 19421 20274
Wallingford Area 49%
8th Ave NW 18 to 7
Jan-94 10549 11858
Ballard Area 61%
Martin Luther King Jr W 15 to 6
Jan-94 12336 13161
North of I 90 60%
Dexter Ave N 19 to 16
Jun-91 13606 14949
Queen Ann Area 59%
24th Ave NW 14 to 10
Oct-95 9727 9754
NW 85th to NW 65th 28%
7

8. Greenwood Avenue: 12,000 cars per day
8

9. Dexter Ave: 15,000 cars per day
9

10. 45th Street in Wallingford: 20,000 cars per day
10

11. Measuring Success
To a driver: LOS A LOS F
To an economist: LOS F LOS A
11

12. Why Plan for other Modes?
Cars on a street
12

13. Why Plan for Other Modes?
People in Cars
13

14. So You Can Drive
People on a bus
14

15. So You Can Drive
People on bikes
15

16. Measuring Success
16

17. Conventional Development
Shop
School
P P
P
T T T T
T T T T T
TT
T
P
P
Work
Play P
17

18. Mixed-Use District
Work
Shop
School
P
Play
T
T
Results:
<½ the parking
<½ the land area
¼ the arterial trips
1/6th the arterial turning movements
<¼ the vehicle miles travelled
18

19. How land-use affects travel demand
19

20. How land-use affects travel demand
20

21. One Square Mile
One Square Mile, Contemporary development pattern, Irvine, CA One Square Mile, Traditional development pattern, Portland OR
(Jacobs, Allan, Great Streets, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA)
21

22. One Square Mile
One Square Mile, Northampton today One Square Mile, Traditional development pattern, Portland OR
(Jacobs, Allan, Great Streets, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA)
22

23. Poor Parking Availability Produces Traffic Congestion
Every parking space is a magnet for
cars. Why provide more parking than
you have traffic capacity to access that
parking?
Poorly managed parking results in
motorists circling for a parking space,
from 8 to 74% of traffic in many
downtowns.
Eliminating just 10% of vehicles from
any congested location makes traffic
free flowing.
Sources: “Cruising for Parking,” Don Shoup, 2006.
23

24. Parking Wastes Money
$20,000
$20,000 $20,000
$20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000
$20,000 $20,000
$20,000 $20,000
$20,000 $20,000 $20,000
$20,000
$20,000 $20,000 $20,000
$20,000
$20,000 $20,000
$20,000
$20,000
$20,000
$20,000 $20,000
24

25. What Land Value Are We Losing?
Restaurant Table
5’ x 5’ = 25 ft2
Office Cubicle
8’ x 9’ = 72 ft2
Parking Space
Bedroom 9’ x 11’ = 99 ft2 10’ x 20’ = 200 ft2
25

26. Boulder CO: TOD Without the Rails
Source: Will Toor & Spenser Havlick
26

27. Boulder’s strategies
 No nonresidential parking
requirements
 Public garages – 84% funded by
parking fees
 Employee benefits: free
universal transit pass (Eco-Pass);
Guaranteed Ride Home; ride-
matching services; bicycle
parking, etc.
 Eco-Pass: reduces commuter
parking demand by 850 spaces
27

28. Multi-Use Path System
Source: Will Toor & Spenser Havlick
28

29. A New Bike Culture
Source: Will Toor & Spenser Havlick
29

30. Boulder: Results
70%
60%
50%
Drive Alone
40% Carpool
Bus
30% Walked & Biked
Multi-Mode & Other
20%
10%
0%
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005
30

31. How to Apply These Ideas Here?
31

32. Medford, MA
32

33. 33

34. 34

35. 35

36. Barrier to
Utilization of
Eastern Spaces
36

37. PEDESTRIAN LEVEL-OF-SERVICE
AVERAGE
Pedestrian
Delay
Seconds Likelihood of Noncompliance
A <10 Low
B 10-20
C 21-30 Moderate
D 31-40
E 41-60 High
F >60 Very High
37

38. PEDESTRIAN LEVEL-OF-SERVICE
MAXIMUM
Pedestrian
Delay
Seconds Likelihood of Noncompliance
A <10 Low
B 10-20
C 21-30 Moderate
D 31-40
E 41-60 High
F >60 Very High
38

39. SQUARE REDESIGN
Transform
to a
Four Leg
Intersection?
39

40. PROPOSED DESIGN
NEW DELAY
5-MINUTE WALKING AREA
40

41. 41

42. 42

43. Measure what matters
Why not Consider…
Economic Development Social Justice
• Job creation • Do benefits accrue
• Real estate value increase equitably?
• Retail sales • Are investments spread
equitably?
Quality of Life Ecological Sustainability
• Access to jobs • VMT per capita (=CO2,
• Access to shopping NOx, runoff, etc.)
• Residential property value • Land use/transportation
impact connection
43

44. Location Matters: Transportation is a Significant Household Expense
44

45. The Housing & Transportation Costs Trade-Off
Where can a 3-person household earning 80% of area
median income live in the Twin Cities?
Considering Housing Costs Housing + Transportation Costs
45

46. Housing Costs in Metro Washington, DC
46

47. Housing & Transportation Costs in Metro Washington, DC
47

48. 48

49. 49

50. space….
50

51. 51

52. Northampton Design Charrette
MAIN STREET CORRIDOR
52

53. 53

54. 54

55. 55

56. 56

57. Northampton Design Charrette
KING STREET CORRIDOR
57

58. 58

59. 59

60. 60

61. 61

62. 62

63. 63