Case Study on the Caribbean Fish Sanctuaries Partnership Initiative (C-FISH) - Rachel McCaffery
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Case Study at Summer School "Leadership and Governance for Sustainable Tourism - 1 July 2014, Finland
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Case Study on the Caribbean Fish Sanctuaries Partnership Initiative (C-FISH) - Rachel McCaffery
- 1. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE Project Case Study: The Caribbean Fish Sanctuary Partnership Initiative RACHEL McCAFFERY Head of Sustainable Tourism
- 2. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE •A not for profit NGO, established in 2007 •International Sectoral Approach to Vulnerability and rEsilience •Offices in the UK, Caribbean, US, East Africa, South Africa and China •Projects in 40 countries •Specialise in innovative climate change solutions and sustainable international development based around six key themes.
- 3. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE Innovative and impactful projects worldwide Capetown Boston London Nairobi INTASAVE-CARIBSAVE Offices Beijing Jamaica Barbado s
- 4. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE The Caribbean Fish Sanctuary Partnership Initiative (C-FISH)
- 5. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE
- 6. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE Coral reef: An important component of the tourism offering in tropical destinations
- 7. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE But its true value is hugely under recognised….
- 8. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE The Coral Reef Crisis Without the reef to protect it, the coast is far more vulnerable to storm damage
- 9. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE Mullins Bay, Barbados. Cozumel, Mexico Negril, Jamaica Beach erosion is a growing problem in The Caribbean
- 10. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE Lives and livelihoods are put at risk
- 11. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE
- 12. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE The Caribbean Fish Sanctuaries Partnership Initiative: Aim: To improve management of 15 Marine Protected Areas or ‘fish sanctuaries’, promoting sustainable livelihoods and increasing resilience to climate change Where/when: 4-year project (2012-2016) implemented by CARIBSAVE in Jamaica, Grenada, St Vincent and the Grenadines, St Lucia, Dominica Funding: UKAID (£2.1 million) as part of The CARICOM Regional Framework for Achieving Development Resilient to Climate Change implemented by the Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (5Cs)
- 13. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE Why fish sanctuaries? • A safe haven for fish to grow and multiply • Fishermen benefit as fish spread into surrounding areas and increase catch sizes outside the sanctuary • Coral becomes healthier and better able to recover from hurricanes or bleaching events • Beaches (and those communities and businesses near them) are better protected from storm surge and hurricanes
- 14. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE Community Community Environment Awareness of the Benefits of Environmental Management Community Empowerment and Capacity Building Sustainable Financing Policies that Promote Community Ownership of Resources Private Sector Partnerships to Support Local Livelihoods Environment Eco system based adaptation: a win-win
- 15. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE The C-FISH Project Components: • Building the capacity of organisations mandated to run fish sanctuaries • Supporting alternative livelihoods • Raising Awareness to improve understanding • Monitoring the impacts
- 16. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE C-FISH in Jamaica • Reef fisheries most overfished in the Caribbean • Jamaican reef-related fisheries support between 15,000–20,000 fishermen and up to 100,000 dependents • Failure to effectively manage fishing grounds is costing Jamaica approximately US$64 million in lost revenues annually Source: Coastal Capital Jamaica, WRI & TNC, 2011
- 17. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE Jamaican Fish Sanctuaries
- 18. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE Bluefields Bay Fish Sanctuary, Jamaica • Managed by the Bluefields Bay Fishermens Friendly Society • Government pays wardens salaries, The C-FISH project funds equipment and capacity building • Artificial habitats installed • Visible results • Extensive awareness raising community education programme • Alternative livelihoods • Sustainable financing: The C-FISH Fund
- 19. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE • Bluefields Bay Film
- 20. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE Community-Based Live Fish Monitoring
- 21. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE Caribbean Fish Sanctuaries Partnership Initiative (C-FISH)
- 22. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE Private Sector Involvement- Developing alternative livelihoods and financing ongoing fish sanctuary management • Craft programme • Excursions development
- 23. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE Future Plans • Underwater sculpture parks • Reef restoration
- 24. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE C-FISH in the context of PM4SD • Focus on business justification (involvement of private sector) • Collaborative approach - Involves all stakeholders and motivates them to be proactive • Focus on dividing the project into manageable and controlled stages • Product based planning - with focus on quality • Project is tailored to suit the environment • Sustainability has been factored in from the outset
- 25. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE Areas for improvement •Risk and issue management •Efficiency of working practices and control of work packages •Changes to the Project Board •Wider communication to the tourism sector •
- 26. The INTASAVE Partnership & CARIBSAVE Rachel.mccaffery@intasave.org www.intasave-caribsave.org www.c-fish.org
Editor's Notes
- Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation: implementing strategies to increase resilience and enhance the understanding of climate change Society and Livelihoods: Reducing poverty, enhancing livelihoods and working with vulnerable groups Green Growth and Blue Economy: Fostering low-carbon development and effective management of marine and terrestrial resources Education and Youth: Empowering future generations to respond to the challenges and opportunity in climate change and sustainable growth. South-South Cooperation, Knowledge Exchange & Development: Facilitating the exchange of knowledge and technology, for sustainable development across the southern hemisphere – principally between China and the developing world Climate Governance & Legislation: Supporting the formulation and execution of national, regional and global climate change policies and programmes
- Just to show you what this looks like in practice In the Caribbean we work on marine protected areas and helping communities and businesses adapt to CC In Europe our work has been based around sustainable tourism - ETIS In Africa we have recently been focused on adaptation in semi arid environments and renewables development – specifically solar nano grids And our China office, which recently opened has been focused on gender impacts of climate change
- Coral reefs and fisheries are critically important to the economy and security of Caribbean countries Corals around the world are being depleted at a frightening rate. We have lost 50% of the worlds coral reef in the past 10 years This has multiple causes: local issues such as overdevelopment on land, destruction for ports, and global ones climate change is changing the chemistry of the seawater and making it more acidic. A harsher environment for corals to survive Locally in the Caribbean, particularly in Jamaica there are big problems with over fishing, unsustainable fishing practices and over harvesting of those species (such as parrot fish) that keep the algae in check that grow on the reef and so keep it healthy A Univ of East Anglia Study found that Caribbean hard corals had declined by 80% in the last 30 years and less that 10% of the regions reefs are now made up of live coral cover
- Not just for the recreational opportunities and the fine dining….
- Reefs absorb 97% of wave energy Remove the reef or overfish the species that keep it healthy and there is nothing to protect the beach The depletion of fisheries is often the root cause of rising unemployment poverty and marginalisation
- Beach erosion in Antigua, in the south-west coast
- Also Barbados, west coast, south of Mullins bay Cozumel, Mexico And obviously it isn’t just hotels and beach shacks on the coast, people live there too. These coastal communities which have relied on fishing for survival for hundreds of years are some of the poorest in The Caribbean. They are already suffering due to the problems caused by overfishing - and are left vulnerable to the worst of the impacts of storm surges and hurricanes – losing houses, businesses, livelihoods and amenities.
- (Dom Rep) Obviously this also has implications for employment levels and will impact on the levels of crime and unrest in these destination The stresses placed on the natural environment from pollution, and climate change together with over fishing and habitat destruction leaves the reef far less able to bounce back when hurricanes do hit - so the damage is more catastrophic and things take longer to recover And economically, destruction of the coastline, whether short and sharp as a result of a big storm, or more gradual beach erosion is expensive to repair and bad for business
- So I’ve outlined the problem, now I’d tell you what the C-FISH project is doing to try to fix it - There are plenty of MPAs across the Caribbean. Most however, are ineffective because there is no management. There may be fishing restrictions in place but there is no enforcement so they are ignored. They are protected in name only. Buccoo Reef example - Recognising the link between the long term health of the tourism industry, the continued deterioration of the marine environment and the vulnerability of local communities to the impacts from climate change, we teamed up with the Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre and approached The UK Dept for Int Dev, for funding to instigate effective management systems in 15 MPA’s across the Caribbean - Who are the best people to manage MPA’s – the people with most at stake – the local communities who depend on them for a living - So the aim of this project is to
- Local communities need to be reconnected with their local environments. But this has to happen on various levels. Its not enough just to educate and raise awareness of the importance of marine conservation if local people don’t have ownership of a resource Likewise if policies are implemented that give local people ownership this needs to be supported with capacity building –and this requires both education and training - and practical tools and equipment - like patrol boats, to prevent illegal fishing It needs support from the wider community, particularly the government and the private sector And it needs to have financing mechanisms built in so that the whole thing doesn’t fold when the project collapses But if you can bring all these things together you can get to a point when the community are re-connected with the local environment and its resources and are empowered to manage it effectively Then it’s a win- win situation for everyone as helping vulnerable communities adapt to climate change through good ecosystem management practices is eco system based adapation
- Building the capacity of organisations mandated to run fish sanctuaries through he provision of grants and technical assistance Supporting alternative livelihoods through partnerships, training and establishment of the C-FISH fund Raising Awareness. To improve communication, education and public understanding of fisheries management and MPA’s Monitoring the ecological and socio economic benefits of fish sanctuaries using community based methods and new technology.
- Focus in on one of the countries where we are implementing this project and outline some of the specific initiatives we are working on Jamaica has some significant vulnerabilities – poverty is widespread and severe is some communities. This is partly due to a loss in ecosystems services in the coastal areas, the coral reefs have declined productivity of fisheris
- This shows a map of the MPA’s or fish sanctuaries in Jamaica that we are working on I’m going to hone in on this one ….
- Sanctuary has been managed for almost 2 years by the Bluefields Bay Fishermens Friendly Society JA Govt pays wardens salaries, The C-FISH project funded training, marker buoys, patrol boats Complete no take zone - and not only is the marine life protected but ceramic artificial reef and lobster habitats (or condos) installed Already starting to see results in terms increased wildlife and fish stocks Extensive awareness raising and wider community education has been necessary Significant alternative livelihoods programme underway Sustainable financing: The C-FISH Fund
- Local involvement in monitoring of stocks
- Stakeholders in this project include: Donors their needs are …. Corporates Partner NGOs National Governments Community groups Small businesses Individual fishers
- Just wanted to say a little about the C-FISH project in the context of PM4SD I’d like to be able to say that this project is entirely designed and run along the principles of Project ,Management for Sustainable Development – but unfortunately it isn’t. That said, we do (by accident and design) incorporate many of its core principles - The focus on the business case for the project has been their from the outset. The economic value to The Caribbean (and Jamaica) in particular of fisheries and the other ecosystem services provided by coral reef formed the justification for the project and as we work alongside the private sector to develop ancilliary products such as crafts and excursions, we have to develop products that will sell and sell at a profit – and have their input in helping develop these. - We have very deliberately taken a collaborative approach, involving all relevant stakeholders, facilitating and supporting local ownership, encouraging participation and utilising various forms of communication to keep stakeholders informed of progress - The project has been divided into manageable stages (or phases as we are calling them) We’ve also utilised product based planning, with specialist deliverables (such as excursions and craft items) clearly defined, product descriptions agreed in advance with stakeholders and quality parameters established. Our approach has had to be flexible and tailored to suit the environments of the different locations and sites we are operating in – there are very different issues and stakeholder groups in The Tobago Keys (which is a collection of lots of remote, sparsely inhabited islands and where yachting is the dominant form of tourism) than in Jamaica which is a mass tourism destination but has large numbers of very poor people The other important parallel is that sustainability has been factored into the C-FISH project from the outset. In establishing the C-FUND as a mechanism to generate and channel money towards the long term maintenance of the fish sanctuaries we should be able to ensure an effective project closure that builds on the work undertaken rather than jeopardsing it.
- In terms of areas that could have been improved had we adopted a project management approach from the outset, - one of the clearest is around risks and issues management. We always knew there would be a risk from poaching. The poverty, particularly in Jamaica is such that the temptation to fish where you shouldn’t is often overwhelming, hence the need for patrol boats, binoculars marker buoys, radios and night patrol equipment. Although most understand the need for the sanctuaries and support it. The level of hostility from a small minority of rogue poachers was not anticipated however and fish sanctuary warden have had numerous threats of violence and a member of staff had his home set alight. - This has helped in terms of lessons learned however, in that the need to make sure all communities in the area see some benefit, not just those bordering the fish sanctuary is important to incorporate where possible eg excursions. - Control of work packages and efficiency of working practices are inevitably challenging when working on a multi -stakeholder project in the developing world. So this is an area where most projects would probably feel they could do better. - Not necessarily something we could influence, but the fact that our funder, DFiD have changed their entire senior team since the start of the project has made things harder than they might otherwise have been - And finally although we have succesfully engaged some major international players in the tourism sector, we feel there is more to do in communicating to and encouraging participation from local buinsesses in the areas bordering the fish sanctuaries, so this is a focus for us going forward