Ulf Wendel, Oracle PHP mysqlndConnection
Multiplexing PECL/mysqlnd_mux 1.0.0-prototype

The speaker says...When fast is
not fast enough, you pull all triggers. Thisincludes attempts to optimize an already reasonable fastoperation: connect time to MySQL.The PHP mysqlnd connection multiplexing plugin,shares a physical connection among multiple userhandles. Thus, connection overhead is saved on the clientside and the number of opened connection is reduced on theserver side.PECL/mysqlnd_mux is an Oracle open source developmentavailable from pecl.php.net. Developed by AndreyHristov.

Plugins are mostly transparent WordPress,
Drupal, Symfony, Oxid, ZendFramework, ... mysql, mysqli, PDO_MYSQL mysqlnd PECL/mysqlnd_mux plugin Connection Multiplexing MySQL Server

The speaker says...PECL/mysqlnd_mux is a
plugin for the mysqlnd library. Themysqlnd library is the default C client library usedby the PHP MySQL extensions mysql, mysqli andPDO_MySQL internally. Mysqlnd ships with PHP since 5.3.Plugins operate at a layer beneath the user APIs,thus improvements are available to all PHP MySQLAPIs.Other free plugins are PECL/mysqlnd_ms (replication andload balancing), PECL/mysqlnd_qc (client-side query cache)and many more.

PECL/mysqlnd_mux● Multiplexing: share connection among
handles Reduce client connect overhead, reduce server load Prototype, requires PHP 5.5.0+ connect() connect() connect() n connection handles PECL/mysqlnd_mux 1 connection MySQL

The speaker says...The PHP mysqlnd
connection multiplexing proxies MySQLconnections. Whenever a client attempts to open aconnection to a host, the plugin checks whether there isalready a cached network connection to the host inquestion. If not, a new connection is established andassociated with the users connection handle. Otherwise,the users connection handle is linked with analready opened network connection.This way, multiple user handles can point to thesame network connection and share it. Connectionoverhead is saved and fewer connections are opened.

The price you pay● Multiplexing
means serializing tasks Possibility of wait situations Prototype: no upgrade to dedicated connection Prototype: no collision counter Query 1 MUX Query 1 Query 2 MySQL Query 2 Time

The speaker says...Sharing a resource
often requires serializing access to it.This is also the case with a shared connection of the PHPmysqlnd connection multiplexing plugin. Serializingactions bares the risks of collisions and waitsituations. In the example, a clients query has to wait forcompletion of another clients query before it can beexecuted. Query 2 waits for query 1 to finish.The prototype is using a mutex to synchronize access to ashared connection.

MUX as a demo of
the plugin API● No new API calls, it just works! Supports popular buffered queries (mysql_query(), mysqli_query(), PDO if using PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES) Prototype does not handle unbuffered queries (mysqli_real_query()) Prepared statements not in 1.0.0-prototype (mysqli_stmt_*())

The speaker says...PECL/mysqlnd_mux 1.0.0-prototype is
an example of thestrenghts of the mysqlnd C plugin API. The initial publicrelease is not a production-ready stable solution. Featureshave been skipped for the prototype to keep thedemo of the plugin API short and comprehensive.The astonishing finding of the plugin is that multiplexingcan be added to add PHP MySQL APIs withoutchanging the APIs. It just works – for some cases alreadytoday. Other cases could be covered in futureversions, depending on user feedback.

THATS IT FOLKS?

Compared to pooling● Connection remains
open after close() Connection establishment overhead reduced Number of concurrent connections not reduced Usually, connection state reset upon reuse Client Client Connection pool Connection Connection Connection MySQL

The speaker says...A connection pool
is a cache for connections. If aclient openes a connection, the pool is checked for analready estiablished connection to the requested host. Incase of a hit, the pooled connection is reset, then taken fromthe pool of unused connections and returned to the client. Ifno connection is found a new one gets opened and returnedto the caller. Then, the connection is used until the clientcalls close(). Upon close(), the connection is not closed butput back into the pool for reuse.Pooling saves time on reuse but does not reduce the totalnumber of concurrent connections.

Persistent Connection● Connection remains open
after close() Connection overhead and reuse costs reduced Number of concurrent connections not reduced Connection state not reset before reuse Client 1 Pool Connection 1 MySQL SET @myvar = 1 Client 2 Pool Connection 1 MySQL SELECT @myvar

The speaker says...Persistent connections can
be described as a special kind of pooled connections. As the name says, the state of apersistent connection is not reset between use .PHP persistent database connections have often beencriticised for persisting the state of a connection... - for theirvery purpose!Thus, when „persistent connections“ have been added to themysqli extension, mysqli actually got pooledconnections. By default, the connection state isreset before reuse. Performance fanatics can disable thisduring compile time.

Speed-up tricks compared● Every optimization
is a trade You gain something: fewer connections opened You give something: collision possible You gain something: lower connection costs You give something: no isolation of connection state MUX Pooled Pers. Conn Conn.Reduce connection overhead Yes Yes YesReduce # concurrently open connections Yes No NoConnection state shared among clients Yes No Yes (mysqli: No)Serialization required, collisions possible Yes No No

The speaker says...Optimizations, such as
multiplexing, pooling or persistentconnections come at a price. There is no one-fits all trick.Please, try to understand the properties of eachoption. Then, decide on a case-by-case basiswhich technology to use.

Remember: scope/life-span● Pools are bound
to a PHP process Depending on deployment model, a PHP process handles one or multiple requests HTTP Server PHP process PHP process Connection pool Connection pool Conn 1 Conn 2 Conn 3 Conn 4

The speaker says...Operating systems associate
file descriptors, includingnetwork connections, with processes. At the end of theprocess, the network connections are closed. Thus, thelife-span of every client-side cache/pool of a PHPprocess is that of the PHP process. No matterwhether we are discussing connections cached formultiplexing or persistent connections as found inany of the PHP MySQL APIs (mysql, mysqli,PDO_MySQL).Depending on the web server deployment model, a PHPprocess handles one or multiple requests (script runs).

THE END http://www.slideshare.net/nixnutz/Contact: ulf.wendel@oracle.com, @Ulf_Wendel