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The Foreign Exchange Market
1www.StudsPlanet.com
The Role of Foreign Exchange
Markets in the Global Marketplace
• Exchange Rate
– The value of one currency relative to another currency
as the number of units of one currency required to
purchase one unit of the other currency.
• Foreign-Currency-Denominated Financial
Instrument
– A financial asset, such as a bond, a stock, or a bank
deposit, whose value is denominated in the currency
of another nation.
2www.StudsPlanet.com
What is the Foreign Exchange
Market
• It is the oldest and largest financial market in the
world—more than $1 trillion.
– Has no central trading floor where buyers and sellers
meet.
– Is open twenty-four hours a day, except for short gaps
on weekends.
– Global banks account for about two-thirds of the
market volume, while foreign exchange brokers and
dealers account for approximately 20 percent.
3www.StudsPlanet.com
How a Foreign Exchange
Transaction is Conducted
4www.StudsPlanet.com
The Spot Market for Foreign
Exchange
• Spot Market
– A market for the immediate purchase and
delivery of currencies.
• Spot Exchange Rates
– Market prices of foreign exchanges in the spot
market that are the rates pertaining to the
trading of foreign-currency-denominated
deposits among major banks in amounts of $1
million and more.
5www.StudsPlanet.com
Exchange Rates as Relative Prices
• Bilateral Exchange Rate
– An exchange rate that relates the values of two
currencies, it is a relative price meaning “two sides.”
• Currency Appreciation
– The amount of one currency required to purchase
another currency has decreased.
• Currency Depreciation
– The amount of one currency required to purchase
another currency has increased.
6www.StudsPlanet.com
Real Exchange Rates
• Nominal Exchange Rate
– A bilateral exchange rate that is unadjusted for
changes in the two nations’ price levels.
• Real Exchange Rate
– A bilateral exchange rate that has been adjusted for
price changes that occurred in the two nations.
• Consumer Price Index (CPI)
– A weighted sum of prices of goods and services that a
typical consumer purchases each year.
7www.StudsPlanet.com
Foreign Exchange Risk and the Forward
Market for Foreign Exchange
• Foreign Exchange Risk
– The risk that the value of a future receipt or
obligation will change due to variations in
foreign exchange rates.
• Types of Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure
– Transaction exposure
– Translation exposure
– Economic exposure
8www.StudsPlanet.com
Types of Foreign Exchange Risk
Exposure
• Transaction Exposure
– The risk that the revenues or costs associated with a
transaction expressed in terms of the domestic
currency changes due to exchange rate variations.
• Translation Exposure
– Foreign exchange risk resulting from the conversion
of a firm’s foreign-currency-denominated assets and
liabilities into the domestic currency value.
• Economic Exposure
– The risk that changes in exchange values might alter
today’s value of a firm’s future income streams
9www.StudsPlanet.com
Hedging Foreign Exchange Risk
• Hedging
– The act of offsetting or eliminating risk
exposure.
• Covered Exposure
– A foreign exchange risk that has been
completely eliminated with a hedging
instrument.
• Forward contract for foreign exchange
• Derivative instruments
10www.StudsPlanet.com
The Forward market for Foreign
Exchange
• Forward Contract
– A guarantee of a rate of exchange at a future date that
can eliminate foreign exchange risk, or cover an
exposure.
• Forward Exchange Market
– A market for contracts that ensures the future delivery
of and payment for a foreign currency at a specified
exchange rate.
• Forward Exchange Rates
– The prices of contracts traded in the forward exchange
market.
11www.StudsPlanet.com

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Foriegn exchange market (2)

  • 1. The Foreign Exchange Market 1www.StudsPlanet.com
  • 2. The Role of Foreign Exchange Markets in the Global Marketplace • Exchange Rate – The value of one currency relative to another currency as the number of units of one currency required to purchase one unit of the other currency. • Foreign-Currency-Denominated Financial Instrument – A financial asset, such as a bond, a stock, or a bank deposit, whose value is denominated in the currency of another nation. 2www.StudsPlanet.com
  • 3. What is the Foreign Exchange Market • It is the oldest and largest financial market in the world—more than $1 trillion. – Has no central trading floor where buyers and sellers meet. – Is open twenty-four hours a day, except for short gaps on weekends. – Global banks account for about two-thirds of the market volume, while foreign exchange brokers and dealers account for approximately 20 percent. 3www.StudsPlanet.com
  • 4. How a Foreign Exchange Transaction is Conducted 4www.StudsPlanet.com
  • 5. The Spot Market for Foreign Exchange • Spot Market – A market for the immediate purchase and delivery of currencies. • Spot Exchange Rates – Market prices of foreign exchanges in the spot market that are the rates pertaining to the trading of foreign-currency-denominated deposits among major banks in amounts of $1 million and more. 5www.StudsPlanet.com
  • 6. Exchange Rates as Relative Prices • Bilateral Exchange Rate – An exchange rate that relates the values of two currencies, it is a relative price meaning “two sides.” • Currency Appreciation – The amount of one currency required to purchase another currency has decreased. • Currency Depreciation – The amount of one currency required to purchase another currency has increased. 6www.StudsPlanet.com
  • 7. Real Exchange Rates • Nominal Exchange Rate – A bilateral exchange rate that is unadjusted for changes in the two nations’ price levels. • Real Exchange Rate – A bilateral exchange rate that has been adjusted for price changes that occurred in the two nations. • Consumer Price Index (CPI) – A weighted sum of prices of goods and services that a typical consumer purchases each year. 7www.StudsPlanet.com
  • 8. Foreign Exchange Risk and the Forward Market for Foreign Exchange • Foreign Exchange Risk – The risk that the value of a future receipt or obligation will change due to variations in foreign exchange rates. • Types of Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure – Transaction exposure – Translation exposure – Economic exposure 8www.StudsPlanet.com
  • 9. Types of Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure • Transaction Exposure – The risk that the revenues or costs associated with a transaction expressed in terms of the domestic currency changes due to exchange rate variations. • Translation Exposure – Foreign exchange risk resulting from the conversion of a firm’s foreign-currency-denominated assets and liabilities into the domestic currency value. • Economic Exposure – The risk that changes in exchange values might alter today’s value of a firm’s future income streams 9www.StudsPlanet.com
  • 10. Hedging Foreign Exchange Risk • Hedging – The act of offsetting or eliminating risk exposure. • Covered Exposure – A foreign exchange risk that has been completely eliminated with a hedging instrument. • Forward contract for foreign exchange • Derivative instruments 10www.StudsPlanet.com
  • 11. The Forward market for Foreign Exchange • Forward Contract – A guarantee of a rate of exchange at a future date that can eliminate foreign exchange risk, or cover an exposure. • Forward Exchange Market – A market for contracts that ensures the future delivery of and payment for a foreign currency at a specified exchange rate. • Forward Exchange Rates – The prices of contracts traded in the forward exchange market. 11www.StudsPlanet.com