Doctoral Seminar - II
MAJOR ADVISOR
Dr. K.R.Naik
SEMINAR INCHARGE
Dr. M.L.Kewat
PRESENTED BY
Nirjharnee Nandeha
Ph.D. Scholar
Deptt. Of Agronomy
Roll No. 230

• A production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems
and people.
• It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to
local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects.
• It combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared
environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of
life for all involved. (IFOAM 2008, www.ifoam.org)
What is organic agriculture?

ORGANIC
TRENDS IN
THE WORLD

PERCENTAGE OF AREA UNDER ORGANIC FARMING IN THE TOTAL
CULTIVATED AREA OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
Country Percentage of area under
organic farming
USA 0.23
UK 4.22
Germany 4.10
Argentina 1.70
Austria 8.40
Australia 2.20
Japan 0.10
Switzerland 7.94
South
Africa
0.05
Italy 3.70
India 0.03
Pakistan 0.08
Sri lanka 0.05
0.23
4.224.1
1.7
8.4
2.2
0.1
7.94
0.05
3.7
0.03
0.08
0.05
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Percentage of area under
organic farming
Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Annual
Report 2014-15

Source: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Annual Report 2014-15

Area under organic farming
in India
Source: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation,

STATUS OF ORGANIC FARMING IN INDIA
 TOTAL NUMBER OF PROJECTS : 1320
UNDER THE CBs
 NUMBER OF GROWER GROUPS : 484
 NUMBER OF CERTIFIED : 1,95,741
ORGANIC FARMERS
Source: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Annual Report 2014-15

India’s green leaders
top organic states and there main crops they grow (both certified & In-conversion)
STATES TOTAL CERTIFIED
AREA
(in M ha)
MAIN CULTIVATED CROPS
Madhya Pradesh 286.65 Cotton, oil seeds, cereals like maize
and sorghum, pulses
Himachal
Pradesh
63.19 Fruits, vegetables, cereals like maize
and sorghum, wheat, pulses
Rajasthan 21.7 Oilseeds, cotton, cereals like maize
and sorghum, spices
Maharashtra 17.7 Cotton, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables,
pulses
Uttar Pradesh 11.11 Cereals like maize and sorghum, fruits
and vegetables, wheat, pulses
Uttarakhand 10.5 Cereals like maize and sorghum, herbs
and medicines, oil seeds, rice
Source: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Annual Report 2014-

Total Farmers Under Organic Production In Madhya Pradesh
In 2015-16
DISTRICT TOTAL FARMERS
DINDORI 36118
CHHINDWARA 20313
DATIYA
Total in M.P
18915
1,56,175
JABALPUR 524
SOURCE:
mpkrishi.mp.gov.in/jaivic/JaivicDistrictWiseBeneficiaries.aspx

DRIVERS AND CHALLENGES IN ORGANIC FARMING

When organic farmers and
traders are operating in an
anonymous market,
certification is developed to
show and guarantee to
consumers that a product
has been produced in
consistency with organic
standards.
• For small farmers/producers
- when there is surplus &
scale that warrants new
markets, certification
becomes important.
Is there a need for organic
certification?

Why certification programs exist?
• It brings opportunities to
producers/farmers
(e.g., market access, protection of local
resources, improvement of worker’s health &
living conditions of rural communities.)
• Growing market/consumer
awareness of the social &
environmental problems
• Safe and quality products
ensure consumer health

Organic Certification
Balance of interests
•CONSUMER requires healthy and environmentally
sound products
willing to pay premium price
Trust
•FARMER/PROCESSOR is producing according to
certain standards (may be putting higher labour, etc.)
getting access to premium price markets

– A procedure by which a third party gives
written assurance that a product, process or
service is in conformity with certain standards
– Intended to assure quality and prevent fraud
– A marketing initiative aimed at regulating and
facilitating the sale of organic products to
consumers
Whatis organiccertification…

Accreditati
on
Standard
s
Inspectio
n
Certificatio
n
Keys to organic certification

Accreditation
Guarantees that the
certification program is
competent to carry out
specific tasks
• Authoritative body defines
policies, standards and
checks whether a
certification system is
operating according to
standards
Standards
define production methods,
not the product quality
Minimum requirements, not
"best practice"
Can be International,
National or regional
standards

Inspection
On-site visit to verify
that the performance of
an operation is in
accordance with
specific standards
Certification
Written confirmation
that a process or
product is in
compliance with
prescribed standards

International Organic Standards
1. IFOAM: • International federation of organic Agricultural movements
• Established in 1972
• Headquarter in Germany
• Developed international basic standards of organic agriculture
• Established IFOAM accreditation programme (1992) to accredit
certifying bodies
2. CODEX: •Codex Alimentarious Commission – a joint FAO/WHO
•Intergovernment body
•Established in 1962
•Produced a set of guidelines for organic production
3. EU
regulation
•Laid out a basic regulation for European Union’s organic standards
in Council regulation No. 2092/91 (June 1991)
•Regulations give guidelines for the production of organic crops in
the European Community.
4. Demeter •Demeter International is a world wide net work of 19 International
certification bodies in Africa, Australia, Europe
•Developed guideline for biodynamic preparation.
5. JAS •A set of guidelines Japan Agricultural Standards for organic
production

Accredited certifying and
inspection agencies in India
• Association for promotion of Organic Farming (APOF) Bangalore
• Indian Society for Certification of organic production (ISCOP)- Tamil
Nadu
• Indian Organic Certification Agency (INDOCERT)- Cochin, Kerala
• Skal Inspection and Certificaton Agency- Bangalore
• IMO Control Pvt. Ltd.- Bangalore
• Ecocert International –Aurangabad
• Bioinspectra -Cochin, Kerala
• SGS India Pvt Ltd- Gurgaon
• International Resources for Fair Trade (IRFD)- Mumbai
• National Organic Certification Association (NOCA)- Pune
• Madhya Pradesh State Organic Certification Agency – Bhopal

National Standards For
Organic Production
(NSOP)

Crop
Production

Starts from the day of signing contract
Organic and conventional parts (Part farm
conversion) must be separate and inspectable
Simultaneous production of conventional, in
conversion and/or organic crops which cannot
be clearly distinguished from each other is not
allowed
Conversion Requirements

When organic planting
materials are available these
shall be used
When certified organic
planting materials are not
available chemically
untreated conventional
materials shall be used
The use of genetically
engineered seeds, pollen,
transgenic plants or planting
material is not allowed
Planting material

No synthetic inputs are allowed – Only natural
or mined minerals
Biodegradable material of microbial, plant or
animal origin
Mineral fertilizers to be applied in their natural
composition (rock phosphate, gypsum, lime,
mica)
Chilean nitrate and all synthetic nitrogenous
fertilizers including urea are prohibited
Fertilization Policy

• Plant, animal & microbial
products locally produced at the
farm are allowed
• The use of synthetic herbicides,
fungicides, insecticides and other
pesticides is prohibited
• Farm equipments from
conventional farming systems
shall be free from residues &
clean
Pest, disease and weed
management

• Clearing of land by burning organic matter shall
be restricted to the minimum
• Clearing of primary forest is prohibited
• Relevant measures shall be taken to prevent
erosion.
• Excessive exploitation and depletion of water
resources shall not be allowed.
• Relevant measures shall be taken to prevent
salination of soil and water
Soil and Water conservation

ORGANIC FARMING ISN’T JUST FOR CROPS, BUT ANIMALS
AS WELL

• Sufficient free movement
• Sufficient fresh air and natural
daylight
• Protection against excessive
sunlight, temperatures, rain and
wind
• Enough lying and/or resting area.
• Ample access to fresh water and
feed.
• Adequate facilities for expressing
behavior in accordance with the
biological and ethological needs of
the species
Animal Husbandry
Management must ensure

• conversion period is twelve months
• Brought in Animals allowed :
• For dairy and egg production, this
period shall not be less than 30 days
2 day old chickens for meat production
18 week old hens for egg production
2 week old for any other poultry
piglets up to six weeks
Calves up to 4 weeks old which have
received colostrum and are fed a diet
consisting mainly of full milk
Conversion Period

Animal Nutrition
•
•All feed and fodder to
be organic
•In-conversion to
organic fodder allowed
A percentage of feed
consumed by farm
animals can be sourced
from conventional farm.
• Vitamins, trace elements
and supplements shall be
used from natural origin
• Following are allowed
– Bacteria, fungi and
enzymes
– By-products of food
industry (e.g. molasses)

• Synthetic growth promoters or stimulants
• Synthetic appetisers
• Preservatives, except when used as a processing aid
• Artificial colouring agents
• Droppings, dung or other manure (all types of excreta) even if
technologically processed
• Genetically engineered organisms
Prohibited substances in Animal
Nutrition

WHAT MUST BE
CERTIFIED?

Farmer Processor
Trader
Transporter
Exporter
Shipping
transporter
Retailer Consumer
*Those shaded in blue needs organic agriculture certification
Organic Certification

• First Party Verification
– The producer with installed internal control system
claims that the farm is organic
– The system exist in areas or communities where the
producer and consumer know each other
– Farm or processing activity is open for consumer
inspection
– Example is the Participatory Guarantee System (PGS)
Levels or Types of Certification

• Second Party Verification
– Occurs when the consumer verifies the production system
and farmer/processor adheres to the standard set by the
consumers
– Consumers inspect the farms before a marketing
agreement and activity takes place
– This type of guarantee system sits in a situation where
there exist an organized consumer and producer group
– Example is the Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)
Levels or Types of Certification

• Third Party Certification
– Is done by a third party without
direct interest in the economic
relationship between the supplier
and the buyer
– The certification is the formal
and documented procedure by
which a third party assures that
the organic production
standards are followed
Levels or Types of Certification

Study the organic standards
Compliance to the standards
Documentation and record keeping (day to day
farming and marketing records and other activities)
Planning –written annual production plan
Application
Inspection
Fees (need for costing and scale for cost recovery)
Certification Requirement

CERTIFICATION
Time Scale
Choice of
Certification
Body
Preparation
Source of
Information

• Obtain Copy
of Organic
Standards
• Compare
various
standards
and charges
Choose
Certification
Body
• Optional but
recommended
Advisory
Visit
• Product
specification sheet
(s)
• GMO declaration
• Supplier certificates
• Label
• Pest Control Details
Prepare and
Submit
Application
Receipt of
Application
Acknowledged
and Inspector
Allocated
How to gain Organic certification?

• Quality
manual
• Training
records
• Goods in
records
• Production
record
• Sale/Outpu
t records
• Copy left at
site
Inspection
• Specifications
checked
• Certification
equivalence of
ingredients
checked
• Any other issue
decided upon
Report Submitted
for Consideration
by Certification
Department
• Send in any
requested
information
• Sign and
return
Compliance
From Issued
Detailing
Actions
• Both
process and
products
licensed
• License last
for 12
months
Organic
License
Issued

Certification Process for
Individual Farm or Processor
Certification
Comm. assigns
inspector
Inspector
inspects the
farm/processing
plant
•Farm walk
•Check inputs
and its sources
•Check
documentation
•Exit meeting
Inspection
report to be
submitted to
Certification
Committee
Certification
Committee
deliberation
Release of
Certification
Decision
Organic Certification
Applicant apply
for certification
•Fill out forms
and sign
contracts

Certification Process for
Smallholder Group
Applicant apply
for certification
•Fill out forms
and sign
contracts
Certification
Comm. assigns
inspector
Inspector inspects the
internal control
system of the
organization
•Farm walk (random
sampling)
•Check inputs and its
sources
•Check documentation
•Exit meeting
Inspection
report to be
submitted to
Certification
Committee
Certification
Committee
deliberation
Release of
Certification
Decision
Organic Certification

ORGANIC LABLES IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
India

Exploitation of global market
Weak links in certification system
National standards should be the same
for domestic market and for export.
Strong research back up has to be put
in place to develop and improve
national standards for organic farming.
Prevent the sale of substandard
material in the name of organic produce
Certification issues

Marketing & Economic constraints
CONSTRAINTS
Most
Serious Serious Not so
Serious
Rank
Order
Complicated process of organic
certification
81
(67.5%)
24
(20.0%)
15
(12.5%)
I
High certification cost for organic
products
65
(54.1%)
35
(29.2%)
20
(16.7%)
II
Lack of knowledge about
certification process
67
(55.8%)
4
(3.4%)
49
(40.8%)
III
Lack of standardization for
certification of organic products
61
(50.8%)
44
(36.7%)
15
(12.5%)
IV
Certification related constraints in adoption of organic farming
(n=120)
SOURCE:
Shehrawat P. S,(2016).Study of constraints analysis in organic farming cultivation
in Sonipat and Hisar district of Haryana state, India. Journal of Applied and Natural
Science 8 (1) : 100 - 106 (2016)

Lack of marketing facilities (43.7 %),
Non availability of premium prices (39.5 %),
Difficulty in control of weed, pest and diseases
(35.4 %),
Limited availability of organic manures (31.3 %)
Constraints expressed by organic growers in
Madhya Pradesh
(Bhopal, Sehore and Raisen
districts, total number of organic farmers surveyed: 98)
MADHYA PRADESH DEVELOPMENT REPORT PLANNING COMMISSION OF
INDIA,2009

Organic farming which relies on internal inputs has higher potential for
premium price and quality produce than external input of inorganic
agriculture practices. Keeping these potentials in mind, farmers starts
practicing organic farming but at the same time they are facing several
constraints.
So, the efforts from the various players like policy makers, researcher,
extension workers, farmers’ representative, inputs suppliers, marketing
personnel and consumers are needed to promote organic farming in a
big way to tackle the present crisis.
It is hoped that organic farming will emerge as an important component
of sustainable agriculture and congenial environment in future.
SUMMARY

REFERNCE:
•APEDA 2013. Organic production and current scenario in
India.
•IFOAM Survey, 2012. Organic Agriculture Worldwide: Current
Statistics, 2012
•National programme for organic production( NPOP)
•Regional Conference on Organic Agriculture in Asia,
December 1215, 2007 Bangkok, Thailand.
•Yadav AK 2012. Organic Agriculture (Concept, Scenario,
Principals and Practices ) National Centre of Organic Farming,
Ghaziabad Organic Farming Newsletter 8(2): June 2012)
•Shehrawat P. S,(2016).Study of constraints analysis in organic
farming cultivation in Sonipat and Hisar district of Haryana
state, India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8 (1) : 100 -
106 (2016)
•WEBLINKS:
•www.apeda.gov.in/apedawebsite/organic/Organic_Produc
•mpkrishi.mp.gov.in/jaivic/JaivicDistrictWiseBeneficiaries.asp

THANK YOU