1. REVIEW ON
CURRICULUM:
* Concepts, Nature and Purposes
* Curriculum Development in the
Philippines

2. CONCEPTS, NATURE & PURPOSES OF
CURRICULUM
(PURITA P. BILBAO, ED.D.)
 What
is curriculum?
 What
is its purpose?
 What
is its nature?

3. WHAT IS CURRICULUM?
Narrow Sense

a listing of subjects to
be taught in school
Broader Sense

the total learning
experiences of
individuals not only in
schools but in society
as well

4. CURRICULUM FROM DIFFERENT POINTS
OF VIEW
Traditional
it is a body of subjects
or subject matter
prepared by teachers
for the student to learn
 “permanent studies”
Robert M. Hutchins
 “course of study”
 “syllabus”

Progressive


all experiences children
have under the guidance
of teachers (Caswell &
Campbell)
curriculum as a sequence
of potential experiences
up in the schools for the
purpose of disciplining
children and youth in
group ways of thinking
and acting (Smith,
Stanley & Shores)

5. CURRICULUM FROM DIFFERENT POINTS
OF VIEW
Traditional

written or a plan of
action in accomplishing
goals
Progressive
written materials are
actualized by the
learner
 experiences in the
classroom which are
planned and enacted
by the teacher, and
also learned by the
students (Marsh &
Willis)


6. TYPES OF CURRICULUM OPERATING IN SCHOOLS
(ALLAN GLATTHORN, 2000)
1)
Recommended

2)
Written

3)
appears in school, district, division or country
documents
Taught

4)
proposed by scholars and professional organizations
what teachers implement or deliver in the classrooms
and schools
Supported

resources-textbooks, computers, AV materials which
support and help in the implementation of curriculum

7. 5)
Assessed

6)
Learned

7)
that which is tested evaluated
what the students actually learn and what is measured
Hidden

the unintended curriculum

8. POINTS OF VIEW ON CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Ralph Tyler Model: Four Basic Principles
What educational purposes should the school seek to
attain?
 Purposes of the school
 What educational experiences can be provided that are
likely to attain these purposes?
 Educational experiences related to the
purposes
 How can these educational experiences be effectively
organized?
 Organization of the experiences
 How can we determine whether these purposes are
being attained or not?
 Evaluation of the experiences


9. POINTS OF VIEW ON CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Hilda Taba’s Grassroots Approach
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Diagnosis of learners needs and expectations of
the larger society
Formulation of learning objectives
Selection of learning content
Organization learning content
Selection of learning experiences
Organization of learning activities
Determination of what to evaluate and the means
of doing it

10. HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF
CURRICULUM

11. 
Franklin Bobbit (1876-1956)


Werret Charters (1875-1952)


he presented curriculum as a science than emphasizes
on students’ need
curriculum is a science; subject matter and the activities
are planned by the teacher
William Kilpatrick (1871-1965)

curricula are purposeful activities which are childcentered

12. 
Harold Rugg (1886-1960)


Hollis Caswell (1901-1989)


he emphasized social studies and the teacher plans the
curriculum in advance
sees curriculum as organized around social functions of
themes, organized knowledge and learners’ interest
Ralph Tyler (1902-1994)

believes that curriculum is a science and an extension
of school’s philosophy

13. Thank you for listening!
@SnDLzLnnt