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Biological Cognitive Psychology Pesentation
- 2. INTRODUCTION There is a definite relationship between biological and cognitive psychology. In order to have a thorough understanding about the complexities of psychology, one must realize different schools of psychology often complement one another. Biological which is dealing with brain functioning and cognitive with factors such as memory, problem solving, etc. can both be utilized in factoring one’s behavior. We’ll elaborate on the similarities and differences between the two, essential contributions to memory, applications as well as what the essential core points are in biological and cognitive psychology.
- 3. • Referred to as Biopsychology Dates back to Artistes study of the environmental science of human behavior. • The Internal and external sources in regards to the brain. • Relationship between the function and the brain and reaction of the body Seeks to understand how the brain influences thoughts feelings and behaviors. • Understandings gained from biopsychology aid in understanding biological causes of mental illnesses and mental disorders. Both pictures (www.bing.com)
- 4. THEORIES
- 5. CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS LASHLEY
- 6. THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION Biological According to Simply Psychology, Biology is defined as the study of life (from the Greek bios meaning ‘life’ and logos meaning ‘study’). A biological perspective is relevant to the study of psychology in three ways: 1. Comparative method: different species of animal can be studied and compared. This can help in the search to understand human behavior. 2. Physiology: how the nervous system and hormones work, how the brain functions, how changes in structure and/or function can affect behavior. For example, we could ask how prescribed drugs to treat depression affect behavior through their interaction with the nervous system. 3. Investigation of inheritance: what an animal inherits from its parents, mechanisms of inheritance (genetics). For example, we might want to know whether high intelligence is inherited from one generation to the next.
- 7. MORE THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION Cognitive Cognitive perspective deals with the mental functions of a person, relating to: memory, perception, attention, thoughts, sensory, etc. The cognitive perspectives relates the human brain to a computer that can process information, store data and have input and output procedures (McLeod, 2008). Cognitive Therapy: assists individuals to develop alternative ways of thinking and behaving which reduce the psychological distress. Consequently cognitive behavior therapy is the main approach or application used to treat people with a wide array of mental health issues. Cognitive Behavior Therapy: is designed to help individuals become conscious of when they make negative interpretations, and of behavioral patterns which reinforce the distorted thinking that can eventually led to harm.
- 8. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY DEFINED (www.bing.com) Cognitive Psychology: The most important development in academic psychology since World War II has been the advent and development of modern cognitive psychology (Goodwin, 2008). During the late nineteen hundreds the fields of psychology begin to take on the scientific understanding of human conscious experience, and some of its key players responsible for this new evolution of psychology were: Ebbinghaus, Wundt, K¨ulpe, Wertheimer, and Titchener. Along with these men and other pioneers have studied such mental phenomena as memory, attention, perception, and thinking, known as; cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that studies mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember, and learn. As part of the larger field of cognitive science, this branch of psychology is related to other disciplines including neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics (Cherry, 2014)
- 9. THEORIES
- 10. HEBB
- 12. RELATIONSHIP • Biological Psychology - looks at different aspects of psychology in a biological sense. • Cognitive Psychology - looks at aspects of Psychology again, in an internal sense. Biological Psychology Cognitive Psychology (www.bing.com) (www.bing.com)
- 14. REFERENCES Goodwin, C. J (2008). A History of Modern Psychology (3rd ed.) Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Cherry, K. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/cognitivepsychology/f/cogpsych.htm McLeod, S. (n.d.). Cognitive behavioral therapy. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive-therapy.html McLeod, S. (2007). Psychology perspectives. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/perspective.html http://psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/a/perspectives.htm
Editor's Notes
- To have a thorough understanding of this presentation, one must be aware of one can come to a sound conclusion implementing biological as well as cognitive factors. Other theories in psychology can also prove to be relevant when analyzing an individual.
- As we progress more and more into the presentation, a quote from Aristotle himself stands out effectively summarizing the plight of psychology in a few words, “We do not know a truth without knowing its cause.”
- Not surprisingly, it is well known that out of the top three influential people in his life, one was an infamous psychologist by the name of John B. Watson.
- Respectively all three applications/methods can help enlighten professionals on human behavior.
- Aside from the scientific approach, that utilizes laboratory experiments to study human behavior. There are many other applications based upon the cognitive approach including, cognitive therapy and eyewitness testimony. Two early forms of this CBT: • Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy(REBT)- Developed by Albert Ellis in 1950s Basis is that each person holds a unique set of assumptions about ourselves and our world that serve to guide us through life and determine our reactions to the various situations we encounter (McLeod, 2008). Albert Ellis calls these basic irrational assumptions. • Cognitive Therapy (CT) - Developed by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s. Aaron Beck believes that a person’s reaction to specific upsetting thoughts may contribute to abnormality. As we confront the many situations that arise in life, both comforting and upsetting thoughts come into our heads. Beck calls these unbidden cognition’s automatic thoughts (McLeod, 2008)
- Quick important facts The term "cognitive psychology" was first used in 1967 by American psychologist Ulrich Neisser in his book Cognitive Psychology.." Neisser’s book in 1967, psychology departments continued to create cognitive laboratories and hire cognitive psychologists, conferences were held, and many publications on the topic was published. • Cognitive psychology, coined the phrase cognitive science, which is an interdisciplinary field that appeared on the scene in the mid-1970s’. Cognitive sciences includes; cognitive psychology, linguistics, computer science, cultural anthropology, and epistemology. The term “ cognitive science appeared on the scene in the 1970’s During the latter half of the twentieth century, cognitive psychology became the dominant conceptual framework in American psychology.
- Biological Psychology- ”The study of physiology played a major role in the development of psychology as a separate science.” (http://psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/a/perspectives.htm) Characteristics of specific disorders are inherited through genetics or are caused by abnormalities in the body such as abnormal levels of neurotransmitters, abnormalities in the brain etc. We have come such a long way with technology over the years, that we are now able to use MRI machines and PET machines to take scans of our brain. They scans are able to show us how certain things have an effect on our brain. Examples would be things like, brain damage, the use of drugs and how disease effects us. Cognitive psychology- “During the 1960s, a new perspective known as cognitive psychology began to take hold.” (http://psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/a/perspectives.htm) Cognitive psychology is less associated with genetics and more towards the Cognitive (thought/mental) processes associated with specific parts of Psychology. This was a part of psychology that paid close attention to how we mentally processed certain things such as, our memories, our thinking and how we solved different problems