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Srinivasulu Rajendran
Centre for the Study of Regional Development (CSRD)
            School of Social Sciences (SSS)
          Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU)
                   New Delhi - 110067
                         India
               r.srinivasulu@gmail.com
Objective of the session



        To understand the
          fundamental
          knowledge of
       STATA/SPSS package
1. How do we decide better
software for the econometric
analysis
2. Why do we need SPSS and
STATA?
3. Introduction to STATA/SPSS
and Differences
How do we decide better software
for the econometric analysis
              SPSS          SAS


   STATA




    R



                             E-Views
           GAMS
It depends on
your analysis
Most preferred Packages for the
relevant analysis based on
Literature
 Descriptive Statistics - SPSS
 Cross section , Time series and panel data and
    Complex Data Management system – STATA and SAS
   Advanced Econometrics analysis – STATA
   Advanced Econometrics Analysis - Linear
    Programming – R
   Time series analysis - Eviews
   Qualitative Limited Dependent Variable Analysis -
    STATA
Why do we need SPSS?


        SPSS is the statistical
        package most widely
          used by political
         scientists NOT by
       econometrician. There
       are several reasons for
                 why
It is easier to handle and widely used for descriptive
statistics and basic statistical analysis.

One can use it with either a Windows point-and-
click approach or through syntax (i.e., writing out of
SPSS commands). Each has its own advantages, and
the user can switch between the approaches.

Many of the widely used social science data sets
come with SPSS format; this significantly reduces the
work load for transferring the data into SPSS format.

Source: Harvard-MIT Center
Limitations
   Firstly, SPSS users have less control over statistical output than
    many other packages
   For beginner , this hardly causes a problem, but once a
    researcher wants greater control over the equations or the
    output, she or he will need to either choose another package or
    learn techniques for working around on SPSS Limitations.
   Secondly, SPSS has problems with certain types of data
    manipulations But once a researcher begins wanting to
    significantly alter data sets, he/she will have to either learn a new
    package or develop greater skills at manipulating SPSS.

   Source: Harvard-MIT Center
Overall, SPSS is a friendly
 package for beginner users
NOT for EXPERTS in the field
   of ECONOMETRICS.
Why do we need STATA?
  “STATA is ideal for people who are developing
   or modifying statistical procedures…” Acock
   (2005)
  STATA is adequate on basic analysis but
   extraordinary on multivariate analysis,
   complex survey designs, limited dependent
   variables, epidemiological methods, survival
   analysis, panel designs, time series, and
   diagnostics
  STATA - fast and clear
  Can handle large dataset with quick output
Cont.,
  STATA have the strongest collection of advanced
   statistical procedures.
  STATA has a command structure that is simple and
   consistent
  The consistency of STATA is impressive
  User-developed procedures can be installed over the
   Internet without leaving STATA
  The expandability of STATA is its special strength
  The documentation for STATA is excellent, and the
   ability to download data sets that are used in the
   examples in the documentation is very helpful
  More information – reference course manual.
Introduction to SPSS

  SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) is a
  statistical analysis and data management software
  package. It can generate tabulated reports, charts, and
  plots of distributions and trends, descriptive statistics,
  and conduct complex statistical analyses.

 More details in SPSS manual
Structure of SPSS
 There are six different windows that can be opened when
  using SPSS. (Ref:details Babu and Sanyal, 2009 and
  SPSS guide 17.0)

 1.   Data Editor,
 2.   Output Navigator,
 3.   The Pivot Table Editor
 4.   The Chart Editor
 5.   The Text Output Editor and
 6.   The Syntax Editor.
Data Editor Window
This window contains 11 menus
 such as File, Edit, View, Data,
 Transform, Analyze, Graphs,
Utilities, Add-ons, Window and
              Help.
Open File
Data Editor
 In the Data Editor, if you put the mouse cursor on a
  variable name (the column heading), a more
  descriptive variable label is displayed (if a label has
  been defined for that variable).
 Further, to view the label one can also choose the
  “view” and “value labels”. Descriptive value labels are
  now displayed to make it easier to interpret the
  responses.
Output Navigator or Viewer

  The Output Navigator window displays the statistical
   results, tables, and charts from the analysis you
   performed.
  An Output Navigator window opens automatically
   when you run a procedure that generates output
  In the Output Navigator windows, you can edit, move,
   delete and copy your results in a Microsoft Explorer-
   like environment.
  Running a Analysis
Topic 4 intro spss_stata
The Syntax Editor
 Creating and Data manipulation – Defining
 variables, Reading data, Transforming data and
 Creating tables
Introduction to STATA


  Stata is a general-purpose statistical software
   package created in 1985 by StataCorp.
There are four major builds of each
version of Stata

1. Stata/MP for multiprocessor
   computers,
2. Stata/SE for large databases,
3. Stata/IC which is the standard
   version,
4. Small Stata which is a smaller,
   student version of educational
   purchase only
STATA MP
 Stata/MP is the fastest and
  largest version of Stata.
 Stata/SE, Stata/IC, and Small
  Stata differ only in the
  dataset size that each can
  analyze.
Computer Feature
                                                                            Fastest:
                                Max. no. of                    64-bit
                  Max. no. of                  Max. no. of                designed for
     Package                    right-hand                    version                      Platforms
                   variables                  observations                  parallel
                                 variables                   available?
                                                                          processing?


                                                                                         Windows, Mac
    Stata/MP        32,767        10,998       unlimited*       Yes           Yes        (64-bit Intel),
                                                                                         or Unix


                                                                                         Windows,
    Stata/SE        32,767        10,998       unlimited*       Yes           No
                                                                                         Mac, or Unix


                                                                                         Windows,
    Stata/IC        2,047          798         unlimited*       Yes           No
                                                                                         Mac, or Unix


                                                                                         Windows,
    Small Stata       99            99           1,200          Yes           No
                                                                                         Mac, or Unix

*The maximum number of observations is limited only by the amount of available RAM on your system.

Source: http://www.stata.com/products/which-stata-is-right-for-me/
Requirements

         Package                 Memory                 Disk space

    Stata/MP                      512 MB                  500 MB

    Stata/SE                      512 MB                  500 MB

    Stata/IC                      512 MB                  500 MB

    Small Stata                   512 MB                  500 MB

 Source: http://www.stata.com/products/which-stata-is-right-for-me/

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Topic 4 intro spss_stata

  • 1. Srinivasulu Rajendran Centre for the Study of Regional Development (CSRD) School of Social Sciences (SSS) Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) New Delhi - 110067 India r.srinivasulu@gmail.com
  • 2. Objective of the session To understand the fundamental knowledge of STATA/SPSS package
  • 3. 1. How do we decide better software for the econometric analysis 2. Why do we need SPSS and STATA? 3. Introduction to STATA/SPSS and Differences
  • 4. How do we decide better software for the econometric analysis SPSS SAS STATA R E-Views GAMS
  • 6. Most preferred Packages for the relevant analysis based on Literature  Descriptive Statistics - SPSS  Cross section , Time series and panel data and Complex Data Management system – STATA and SAS  Advanced Econometrics analysis – STATA  Advanced Econometrics Analysis - Linear Programming – R  Time series analysis - Eviews  Qualitative Limited Dependent Variable Analysis - STATA
  • 7. Why do we need SPSS? SPSS is the statistical package most widely used by political scientists NOT by econometrician. There are several reasons for why
  • 8. It is easier to handle and widely used for descriptive statistics and basic statistical analysis. One can use it with either a Windows point-and- click approach or through syntax (i.e., writing out of SPSS commands). Each has its own advantages, and the user can switch between the approaches. Many of the widely used social science data sets come with SPSS format; this significantly reduces the work load for transferring the data into SPSS format. Source: Harvard-MIT Center
  • 9. Limitations  Firstly, SPSS users have less control over statistical output than many other packages  For beginner , this hardly causes a problem, but once a researcher wants greater control over the equations or the output, she or he will need to either choose another package or learn techniques for working around on SPSS Limitations.  Secondly, SPSS has problems with certain types of data manipulations But once a researcher begins wanting to significantly alter data sets, he/she will have to either learn a new package or develop greater skills at manipulating SPSS.  Source: Harvard-MIT Center
  • 10. Overall, SPSS is a friendly package for beginner users NOT for EXPERTS in the field of ECONOMETRICS.
  • 11. Why do we need STATA?  “STATA is ideal for people who are developing or modifying statistical procedures…” Acock (2005)  STATA is adequate on basic analysis but extraordinary on multivariate analysis, complex survey designs, limited dependent variables, epidemiological methods, survival analysis, panel designs, time series, and diagnostics  STATA - fast and clear  Can handle large dataset with quick output
  • 12. Cont.,  STATA have the strongest collection of advanced statistical procedures.  STATA has a command structure that is simple and consistent  The consistency of STATA is impressive  User-developed procedures can be installed over the Internet without leaving STATA  The expandability of STATA is its special strength  The documentation for STATA is excellent, and the ability to download data sets that are used in the examples in the documentation is very helpful  More information – reference course manual.
  • 13. Introduction to SPSS  SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) is a statistical analysis and data management software package. It can generate tabulated reports, charts, and plots of distributions and trends, descriptive statistics, and conduct complex statistical analyses. More details in SPSS manual
  • 14. Structure of SPSS There are six different windows that can be opened when using SPSS. (Ref:details Babu and Sanyal, 2009 and SPSS guide 17.0) 1. Data Editor, 2. Output Navigator, 3. The Pivot Table Editor 4. The Chart Editor 5. The Text Output Editor and 6. The Syntax Editor.
  • 16. This window contains 11 menus such as File, Edit, View, Data, Transform, Analyze, Graphs, Utilities, Add-ons, Window and Help.
  • 18. Data Editor  In the Data Editor, if you put the mouse cursor on a variable name (the column heading), a more descriptive variable label is displayed (if a label has been defined for that variable).  Further, to view the label one can also choose the “view” and “value labels”. Descriptive value labels are now displayed to make it easier to interpret the responses.
  • 19. Output Navigator or Viewer  The Output Navigator window displays the statistical results, tables, and charts from the analysis you performed.  An Output Navigator window opens automatically when you run a procedure that generates output  In the Output Navigator windows, you can edit, move, delete and copy your results in a Microsoft Explorer- like environment.  Running a Analysis
  • 22.  Creating and Data manipulation – Defining variables, Reading data, Transforming data and Creating tables
  • 23. Introduction to STATA  Stata is a general-purpose statistical software package created in 1985 by StataCorp.
  • 24. There are four major builds of each version of Stata 1. Stata/MP for multiprocessor computers, 2. Stata/SE for large databases, 3. Stata/IC which is the standard version, 4. Small Stata which is a smaller, student version of educational purchase only
  • 25. STATA MP Stata/MP is the fastest and largest version of Stata. Stata/SE, Stata/IC, and Small Stata differ only in the dataset size that each can analyze.
  • 26. Computer Feature Fastest: Max. no. of 64-bit Max. no. of Max. no. of designed for Package right-hand version Platforms variables observations parallel variables available? processing? Windows, Mac Stata/MP 32,767 10,998 unlimited* Yes Yes (64-bit Intel), or Unix Windows, Stata/SE 32,767 10,998 unlimited* Yes No Mac, or Unix Windows, Stata/IC 2,047 798 unlimited* Yes No Mac, or Unix Windows, Small Stata 99 99 1,200 Yes No Mac, or Unix *The maximum number of observations is limited only by the amount of available RAM on your system. Source: http://www.stata.com/products/which-stata-is-right-for-me/
  • 27. Requirements Package Memory Disk space Stata/MP 512 MB 500 MB Stata/SE 512 MB 500 MB Stata/IC 512 MB 500 MB Small Stata 512 MB 500 MB Source: http://www.stata.com/products/which-stata-is-right-for-me/