Dynamic Infrastructure and The Cloud

© 2015, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Lee Atchison ∙ Senior Director Strategic Architecture
New Relic, Inc.
Sydney, Australia
Dynamic Infrastructure and The Cloud
Adventures in Keeping Your Application Running…at Scale
leeatchison@leeatchison

Who am I?
30 years in industry
5 in New Relic
(Architect Lead, Cloud, Service Migration)
7 in Amazon Retail & AWS
(Built First AppStore, AWS Elastic Beanstalk)
Who Specialize in:
Cloud computing
Services & Microservices
Scalability, Availability
Senior Director Strategic Architecture

You had power
most of the time.
Why are you
complaining?

I Hope, I Hope, I Hope
the Site Stays Up

9
Keeping Your App Running…At Scale
Availability…
…is more than
you think it is.

Does this sound like something you’ve heard recently…
…overheard OPs conversation...

The conversation…
“We were wondering how changing a
setting on
our MySQL database might impact
our performance…

The conversation…
“We were wondering how changing a
setting on
our MySQL database might impact
our performance…
… but we were worried
that the change may
cause our production
database to fail…”

The “scary” overheard conversation…
“… Since we didn’t want to
bring down production,
we decided to make the
change to our backup (replica)
database instead…
Under
Construction
… but we were worried
that the change may
cause our production
database to fail…”

“… Since we didn’t want to
bring down production,
we decided to make the
change to our backup (replica, hot
standby) database instead…
… After all, it wasn’t
being used for anything
at the moment.”
Under
Construction

Until, of course, the backup was
needed…
Under
Construction
X

The “ scary” overheard conversation…
Until, of course, the backup was
needed…
This was a true story
Under
Construction
!!!!X
X

Availability can be more subtle, for example…

18 Confidential ©2008-15 New Relic, Inc. All rights reserved.
300ms
1.5s
18Confidential ©2008-15 New Relic, Inc. All rights reserved.

.9s

21
The Data from Monitoring Your App
Dwarfs the Data Inside the App
Confidential ©2008-15 New Relic, Inc. All rights reserved.

User Experience
Business Outcome
Servers
Apps
BigData Problem

High
Expectations
Blame
Game
Intensity
Rises
The problem
must be
someone
else’s fault
Panic

Need Data at Every Level
Amazon EC2 Instance
BrowserMobile
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Server OS
Application &
Application
Microservices
Typical Server / Amazon EC2
Instance
• Application & Application
Microservices
• Server OS
• Hardware (virtual)

Amazon EC2 Instance
BrowserMobile
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Server OS
Application &
Application
Microservices
Low Level Monitoring
Amazon
CloudWatch
AWS
CONSOLE
Amazon CloudWatch
Monitors
• EC2 instance
• Virtualization
• Hardware
• [CPU / Disk / Networking]
Doesn’t know about:
• Server OS
• Memory / Filesystem
• Processes
• Configuration
• Application
- Latency
- Error rates

Amazon EC2 Instance
BrowserMobile
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Server OS
Application &
Application
Microservices
DASHBOARDS
Infrastructure / Application Monitoring
New Relic
Application
Monitoring
New Relic
Infrastructure
Monitoring
Amazon
CloudWatch
AWS
CONSOLE
Monitors (Server):
• How O.S. is performing
• Configuration Changes
• Processes
• Hardware
Monitors (Application):
• App health
• App performance
• Microservices
Doesn’t know
• Virtualization

Amazon EC2 Instance
BrowserMobile
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Server OS
Application &
Application
Microservices
Full Stack Monitoring
New Relic
Application
Monitoring
New Relic
Infrastructure
Monitoring
Amazon
CloudWatch
AWS
CONSOLE
Integrations
New Relic
Monitors
CloudWatch
monitors
DASHBOARDS
AWS / CloudWatch
• Visibility into virtualization
• CPU / Disk / Networking
• 14 AWS Services
APM
• CPU / Disk / Networking
• Memory / Filesystem
• Processes
- Infrastructure components
- Configuration inventory
• Application / Microservices:
- Latency
- Error rates
- App insights

30
Success in Software Analytics
Confidential ©2008-15 New Relic, Inc. All rights reserved.
Application
Performance
Customer
Experience
Business
Outcome

32
Availability…
…is more than
you think it is.
Dynamic
Cloud…
...make availability
happen.

The Cloud Can Help
Better
Data Center
Dynamic Environment
How do we use the cloud to accomplish this?

Better Data Center
Better
Data Center
Dynamic Environment

Cloud as a “Better Data Center”
Resources are allocated to
uses, just like in a data
center
Provisioning process
is faster
Lifetime of components is
relatively long
Capacity planning is
still important and
still applies

Why use a “Better Data Center”?
Add new Capacity
(faster)
Improve Application Availability
(redundancy)
Compliance

Dynamic Cloud
Better
Data Center
Dynamic Environment

Cloud as a “Dynamic Tool for Dynamic Apps”
Use Only the Resources
you need
Allocate / de-allocate
resources on the fly
Resource allocation is an
integral part of your
application architecture

Dynamic Cloud
Resources are: Application in charge:
Allocated Application is aware of and is controlling
traditional OPs resources
Consumed De-allocated

Dynamic Usage Example…
Docker Container Age
(Count vs. Hours)
1 Hour
200 days 833 days

Dynamic Usage Example…
Docker Container Age
(by Minute and Hour)
1,200,000
11% underone minute
Container age (minutes)

Dynamic Cloud Technologies
Dynamic Cloud is about scaling and availability
EC2 Auto Scaling
Mobile / IoT Dynamic routing
Load balancing
Queues and notifications
Docker

Dynamic Cloud Enables Better Applications Faster
Traditional Data Center Cloud Data Center Dynamic Cloud
Good Better Best
The way you’ve done things in the past
won’t work in the future.

Dynamic Cloud
Server running application/
processes
Process running
a command
Function performing a
task or operation
EC2 Docker Lambda
Things happen faster because of…

Microcomputing & AWS Lambda
• Highly dynamic
• Incredibly scalable
• No infrastructure to provision
• Massively shared infrastructure
Also known as:
• Functions as a Service (FaaS)
• Compute as a Service (CaaS)
• Serverless

AWS Lambda
S3
Bucket
Dynamo
DB
API
Gateway
SQS
RESOURCESSOME
S3
Bucket
API
Gateway SQS
RESOURCESSOME
• Takes an event from an AWS
resource (A Trigger)

AWS Lambda
S3
Bucket
Dynamo
DB
API
Gateway
SQS
RESOURCESSOME
S3
Bucket
API
Gateway SQS
RESOURCESSOME
Lambda
Script
Lambda
Instances
• Creates an instance
to execute

AWS Lambda
S3
Bucket
Dynamo
DB
API
Gateway
SQS
RESOURCESSOME
S3
Bucket
API
Gateway SQS
RESOURCESSOME
Lambda
Script
Lambda
Instances
to execute
• Can impact original or different
AWS Resource

AWS Lambda
S3
Bucket
Dynamo
DB
API
Gateway
SQS
RESOURCESSOME
S3
Bucket
API
Gateway SQS
RESOURCESSOME
Lambda
Script
Lambda
Instances
to execute
• Can impact original or different
AWS Resource
• Any number of instances can
run at a time

Dynamic Cloud
Dynamic Cloud
Easier Scaling
Faster Change
Faster Response
Higher Availability

Dynamic Cloud has unique monitoring requirements…
How do I track what the dynamic cloud is
doing for me (or to me)?

What is a Dynamic Cloud Application?
• Application & Application Microservices
Responsible for the parts you care about
• Infrastructure
• Allocation/Provisioning
• Scaling
Let cloud manage rest
Server OS
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Application &
Application
Microservices
Provisioning
Application &
Application
Microservices
Application &
Application
Microservices
BrowserMobile

Server OS
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Application &
Application
Microservices
Provisioning
Application &
Application
Microservices
Application &
Application
Microservices
BrowserMobile
Monitoring Dynamic Cloud Applications
AWS
CONSOLE
CloudWatch

Server OS
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Application &
Application
Microservices
Provisioning
Application &
Application
Microservices
Application &
Application
Microservices
BrowserMobile
AWS InfrastructureApplication Performance
CloudWatch
AWS
CONSOLE
New Relic
Application
Monitoring
New Relic
Infrastructure
Monitoring
DASHBOARDS
Integrations

Server OS
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Application &
Application
Microservices
Provisioning
Application &
Application
Microservices
Application &
Application
Microservices
BrowserMobile
CloudWatch
AWS
CONSOLE
New Relic
Application
Monitoring
New Relic
Infrastructure
Monitoring
DASHBOARDS
AWS InfrastructureApplication Performance
New Relic
Monitors
CloudWatch &
AWS monitors
Integrations

Server OS
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Application &
Application
Microservices
Provisioning
Application &
Application
Microservices
Application &
Application
Microservices
BrowserMobile
How do you monitor this?
?How do you
monitor this?

Where did it go? It was just here!!
The thing you monitored 10 minutes ago…
...doesn’t exist anymore!?

Monitoring the Dynamic Cloud
Monitor the Cloud Components
themselves
Monitor the lifecycle of the Cloud
Components
Very different than monitoring traditional Data Center components

Changing World
Ops
Previous - STATIC World

Changing World
Previous - STATIC World
Ops
Dev
Now - DYNAMIC World
Ops

Changing World
Dev
Now - DYNAMIC World
Ops
• We know:
• Change is inevitable
• We must:
• Embrace and drive change
• Enabling:
• Quicker growth
• More reliable growth

62
Dynamic
Cloud…
happen.
Migration…
...how do I get my app
to the cloud?

High
Expectations
Blame
Game
Intensity
Rises
“The
problem
must be the
cloud’s fault”
Pressure to
declare victory
in the migration
The Politics of Migration
Show me the
new apps!!?
Promised
Performance gains?
Cost controls?
Optimize costs?
Why is it taking so long?
Migration failure…

Ops
Use the Cloud
• Move in a controlled way
• Learn as you go
• Measure everything
Does not have to be painful…

Experiment
Secure the Cloud
Enable Servers, Enable SaaS
Enable Value-Added Services
Enable Unique Services
Mandate Cloud Usage
Progressions in Cloud Adoption…The Controlled Way
Standard steps
most companies
follow

Experiment
Progressions in Cloud Adoption

Enterprise IT Cloud Adoption Strategy
Experiment
 Non-evasive, safe technologies
- S3
- Perhaps: CloudFront, SQS, SES
 Stay away from EC2/Servers
 Security: Easy as one-offs
 No “Policies” implemented yet
 “Just seeing what this is all about”
Progressions in Cloud
Adoption
What is this cloud thing?

Experiment
Secure the Cloud

Adoption
Secure the Cloud
 IAM (Credentials)
 VPC (Secure network)
 AWS Direct Connect (just another data center)
 Cloud policies begin to be formed
 All parts of the company are now involved
 Critical evolution point
Can we trust the cloud?

Experiment
Secure the Cloud

Adoption
 EC2
- Basic “data center migration”
- Just another server type available…
 Multiple AZs/Regions
- Part of multi-datacenter resiliency strategy
 Independently: SaaS usage increases
- Non-critical or internal uses first
The cloud seems to work pretty well…

Experiment
Secure the Cloud

Adoption
 Managed Databases
- RDS, Aurora
 Other Managed Services
- Elastic Beanstalk, SES, SQS, ElasticSearch
Dynamic Cloud becomes a thing…

Experiment
Secure the Cloud

Adoption
 High value, Cloud-specific services
- Lambda, Kinesis
- DynamoDB
- SWF, Elastic Transcoder
- Redshift
 Point of commitment...
...dependent on cloud
Dynamic Cloud is deeply ingrained…

Experiment
Secure the Cloud
Mandate Cloud Usage

Adoption
Mandate Cloud Usage
 Cloud as a data center replacement
 Company is now “all in” with cloud
 Netflix…
Why do we need our own data centers?

What is the cloud?
Can we trust the cloud?
The cloud works pretty well…
Dynamic Cloud becomes a thing…
Dynamic Cloud is deeply ingrained…
Why do we need our own data centers?
Progressions in Cloud AdoptionThe steps aren’t easy…

Experiment
Secure the Cloud
Mandate Cloud Usage
Different Companies
Different Speed
Different Needs

Cloud Adoption Strategies
Enterprise IT
Cloud Adoption Strategy
 Experiment
 Secure the Cloud
 Enable Servers, Enable SaaS
 Enable Value-Added Services
 Enable Unique Services
 Mandate Cloud Usage
Application
Cloud Adoption Strategy
 Experiment/Peripherial Usage
 Cloud Servers
 Managed Components
 Unique Components
 Application Cloud Committed

Application
Adoption
Corporate
Adoption
Cloud Adoption
Mandate
Committed
Allow Value-Added
Allow SaaS
Allow Servers
Secure
Experiment
Experiment Servers Managed
Components
Unique
Components
Committed
Critical
Applications
New
Applications
Non-Critical/
Internal
Applications
Step #1
Step #2
Step #4
First Steps
Application
Re-Writes
Step #3

IAM
VPC
Non-Integral
SaaS
EC2
Integral
SaaS
RDS
SES
Lambda
Kinesis
Application
Adoption
Corporate
Adoption
Cloud Adoption
Mandate
Committed
Allow Value-Added
Allow SaaS
Allow Servers
Secure
Experiment
Components
Unique
Components
Committed
Critical
Applications
New
Applications
Non-Critical/
Internal
Applications
Step #1
Step #2
Step #4
First Steps
Application
Re-Writes
Step #3
S3

Adoption
Sweet Spot
First Steps
Application
Adoption
Corporate
Adoption
Mandate
Committed
Allow Value-Added
Allow SaaS
Allow Servers
Secure
Experiment
Components
Unique
Components
Committed
Cloud Adoption
Center of Gravity

Integral
SaaS
RDS
SES
Lambda
Kinesis
Adoption
Sweet Spot
Application
Adoption
Corporate
Adoption
Mandate
Committed
Allow Value-Added
Allow SaaS
Allow Servers
Secure
Experiment
Components
Unique
Components
Committed
S3
EC2
Cloud Adoption
Center of GravityIAM
VPC
Non-Integral
SaaS

Migrating to the Cloud…
How can I be successful?

Adoption Success Strategies
Understand
where your
culture is
Consciously plan
your acceptance
Drive your cultural
change to your
desired level
Monitor
your adoption
Understand
your needs

Monitor Your Adoption
Before Migration
Baseline application
(servers, databases,
caches, applications,
microservices)
Determine your steady
state

During Migration
Incorporate cloud’s
internal monitoring
Continue
application
monitoring
Understand and solve all deviations from steady state…

The Biggest Role Monitoring Plays In Migration
Performance Post Migration
& During Optimization
Pre-migration Feasibility & Benchmarking

Continue Monitoring…
Infrastructure is
now out of your
control
Some cloud
specific concerns (EC2
instance failures, instance
degradation)
Dynamic Technologies
Impact Our Applications
Understand
application
impact
Ongoing
application &
infrastructure
monitoring is
essential

919191919191
Fairfax Media Limited is a leading multi platform media
company in Australasia, reaching 10.6 million
Australians and 2.9 million New Zealanders.
Media/Entertainment
“Because we monitored our on-premises systems with New Relic
before we migrated them to Amazon Web Services, we were
able to identify potential issues and fix them during the
migration process.”
- Cheesun Choong
Head of Product Platforms
Results
Reduced
diagnosis time
from hours to
minutes
Migrated to AWS
with confidence
Identified
underutilized servers
to save money

92
Dynamic
Cloud…
happen.
Migration…
...how do I get my app
to the cloud?
Availability…
…is more than
you think it is.
Monitor your application and infrastructure

Monitoring just the server
EC2 Instance
Server OS
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Application &
Application Microservices
AWS
CONSOLE
CloudWatch
Worked when rate of change was low…

Server OS
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Application &
Application
Microservices
Provisioning
Application &
Application
Microservices
Application &
Application
Microservices
BrowserMobile
New Relic
Application
Monitoring
New Relic
Infrastructure
Monitoring
DASHBOARDS
• Top to bottom monitoring…
• Full stack accountability...
• Dynamic infrastructure control...
You need:

Digital Fan Experience for Major League Baseball
New Relic empowers our developers
to experiment and work fast without
compromising on the quality of the
MLB fan experience.
– Sean Curtis
Senior Vice President of Engineering

Change is speeding up
Traditional Data Center Cloud Data Center Dynamic Cloud
Dynamic Cloud enables better applications faster.
Good Better Best
The way you’ve done things in the past
won’t work in the future.

Server OS
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Application &
Application
Microservices
Provisioning
Application &
Application
Microservices
Application &
Application
Microservices
BrowserMobile
New Relic
Application
Monitoring
New Relic
Infrastructure
Monitoring
DASHBOARDS

Thank you
Lee Atchison ∙ Senior Director Strategic Architecture
New Relic
Architecting for Scale
By: Lee Atchison
Published by: O’Reilly Media
www.architectingforscale.com

This document and the information herein (including any information that may be incorporated by reference) is provided for informational
purposes only and should not be construed as an offer, commitment, promise or obligation on behalf of New Relic, Inc. (“New Relic”) to sell
securities or deliver any product, material, code, functionality, or other feature. Any information provided hereby is proprietary to New Relic and
may not be replicated or disclosed without New Relic’s express written permission.
Such information may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws. Any statement that is not a historical fact
or refers to expectations, projections, future plans, objectives, estimates, goals, or other characterizations of future events is a forward-looking
statement. These forward-looking statements can often be identified as such because the context of the statement will include words such as
“believes,” “anticipates,”, “expects” or words of similar import.
Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof, and are
subject to change at any time without notice. Existing and prospective investors, customers and other third parties transacting business with New
Relic are cautioned not to place undue reliance on this forward-looking information. The achievement or success of the matters covered by such
forward-looking statements are based on New Relic’s current assumptions, expectations, and beliefs and are subject to substantial risks,
uncertainties, assumptions, and changes in circumstances that may cause the actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially
from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statement. Further information on factors that could affect such forward-looking
statements is included in the filings we make with the SEC from time to time. Copies of these documents may be obtained by visiting New Relic’s
Investor Relations website at http://ir.newrelic.com or the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
New Relic assumes no obligation and does not intend to update these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. New Relic makes no
warranties, expressed or implied, in this document or otherwise, with respect to the information provided.
Safe Harbor

Dynamic Infrastructure and The Cloud

Dynamic Infrastructure and The Cloud

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