15 th (1870) – African American vote 17 th (1913) – Senators now elected by popular vote (previously appointed) 19 th (1920) – Women may vote 24 th (1964) – Poll tax outlawed 26 th (1971) – 18 yr. olds may vote
How much power is too much power? What can happen in terms of types of government?
Framers anticipated there may be conflicts between states and the federal government and so the Supremacy Clause was established to deal with this In most cases, federal law reigns supreme.
Marbury wanted the job he was promised as a judge and sued James Madison (secretary of State) to get it. Supreme Court agreed Marbury was entitled to the job BUT – Supreme Court could not issue an order to enforce it Case is significant because it is the 1 st Supreme Court case to deem a Congressional Act unconstitutional
Common currency No passport to travel from state to state Power tax and enforce some laws at a federal level
Is fair always equal or vice-versa?
Federal and State – full faith and credit means that citizens of one state must abide by laws of another state when in that state. Federal government respects all laws of the individual states provided they are not in direct conflict with individual law Amending the Constitution – Need either 2/3 House and 2/3 Senate OR 2/3 (34 of 50) of states to propose formal amendment. From there ¾ (38 of 50) of states need to ratify or approve
Due process – must be formally notified of charges against you, fair and speedy trial, public/jury trial, right to an attorney, etc.