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Open Source for Libraries

Nicole C. Engard
Director of Open Source Education
nengard@bywatersolutions.com



       Learn more at:
  www.bywatersolutions.com
What is Open Source?

• “Isnʼt that insecure?”
• “I donʼt want to share my data!”
• “How can it be any good if itʼs free?”
• “We donʼt have the staff to handle
 open source.”

• “Weʼve never had success with
 homegrown systems.”
What is Open Source?

Open source software is software that
users have the ability to run, distribute,
study and modify for any purpose.

Open source is a collaborative software-
development method that harnesses the
power of peer review and transparency
of process to develop code that is freely
accessible.1

Open source draws on an ecosystem of
thousands of developers and customers
all over the world to drive innovation.2
                                             1,2 http://connect.educause.edu/display/47941
What is Open Source?
The Cathedral
(proprietary software)


  •Development occurs behind walls
  •Source code is usually not provided -
   kept locked up
  •Corporate hierarchy

The Bazaar
(open source software)


  •Code developed over the Internet with
   several others in public view
  •Source code open to all users
  •“Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are
   shallow”             http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/
Open Source Governance
What kind of quality control is there?

•Most open source projects have a release
 manager or a manager of some sort who
 reviews the code and approves it before
 adding it to the final release

What is the roll of the community?

•The community looks out for the best
 interests of the software. They work as the
 governing body behind all decisions related
 to the software. The community decides what
 features to develop next and who the
 managers are.
Open Source Community

• Open source is about more than free
  software
  • Community is crucial to the growth of
    open source
  • Without shared knowledge and
    collaboration the project will not grow
• People who use open source can
  collaborate in many ways with the
  community
  • Write code
  • Write documentation
  • Debug
  • Educate others
Open Source Community
“Crowdsourcing has it genesis in the open source
movement in software. The development of the Linux
operating system proved that a community of like-
minded peers was capable of creating a better product
than a corporate behemoth like Microsoft. Open source
revealed a fundamental truth about humans that had
gone largely unnoticed until the connectively of the
Internet brought it into high relief: labor can often be
organized more efficiently in the context of a
community than it can in the context of the
corporation. The best person to do a job is the one who
most wants to do that job; and the best people to
evaluate their performance are their friends and peers
who, by the way, will enthusiastically pitch in to
improve the final product, simply for the sheer
pleasure of helping one another and creating
something beautiful from which they all will benefit.”
                                                Howe, J. (2008). Crowdsourcing: Why the power of the crowd is
                                                driving the future of business. New York: Crown Business. p.8
Who’s Using Open


• Government Agencies
• All Kinds of Businesses
• Schools (K-colleges)
• Web Developers
Open Source in Business




    http://www.unisys.com/about__unisys/news_a_events/industry__analyst__reports/open__source__software__expanding.htm
Open Source on the Web
 Total Active Servers: 11/2000 to 8/2009




                     http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2009/08/31/august_2009_web_server_survey.html
Why so Popular


• Reliability through Peer Review
• Freedom to Innovate
• No Vendor Lock-in
• User-centric Development
• Zero License Fees
Why should libraries
       care?
Open Source Concerns




   http://www.unisys.com/about__unisys/news_a_events/industry__analyst__reports/open__source__software__expanding.htm
Open Source & Libraries
 Libraries and Open Source Both...

• Believe that information should be
 freely accessible to everyone

• Give away stuff
• Benefit from the generosity of others
• Are about communities
• Make the world a better place

                                       -- Horton, G. http://tinyurl.com/3jvumn
Open Source & Libraries
  Libraries and Open Source make
           the perfect pair

[Librarians] "are almost ethically
required to use and develop open source
software."
 -- Crawford, R. S. http://www.lugod.org/presentations/oss4lib.pdf


"The open source movement and
libraries have a lot in common, not the
least of which is the belief in free and
open access to ideas and information"
-- Burger, T. M. http://www.linux.com/feature/59491
                                                        http://www.flickr.com/photos/cavort/151687944/
Open Source & Libraries
Libraries and Open Source make the
            perfect pair

“Libraries are committed to the notion of the
ʻcommons.ʼ Libraries are in fact one of the last
best hopes for the preservation of the intellectual
commons. That value system should extend to
the intellectual work we do on our access
systems. We should reclaim the domain of library
technology from the commercial and proprietary
realms and actualize is as part of our vision of the
commons.
                         ...
We are also congenital collaborators. Can you
think of any other group of institutions that share
their stuff the way we do through ILL?
                                      -- Lucia, J. http://pln.palinet.org/wiki/index.php/Open_source_plans
Open Source & Libraries
Common questions libraries have:

    Is there support? Do I have to know how to
    program?

    Do I have to skimp on features?

    Isn’t Open Source risky?

    Can I do it myself?
Support for Open Source
Is there support?
     • ByWater Solutions
    • BibLibre
    • Equinox
    • And more!
Do I have to know how
to program?
   • Local Students
   • Freelance Developers
Do I have to Skimp on Features?



• Open Source developers follow
 the rule of “Release early and
 release often”

• Users vote with their dollars and
 time

• Freedom to develop on your
 own

• Developers love their products
                                      http://www.flickr.com/photos/
                                        programwitch/2505184887/
Isn’t OPen Source Risky?

Casey Coleman, chief information
officer for the GSA (U.S. General
Services Administration), said in a
speech ... that the GSA heavily
relies on open source to drive down
costs, increase flexibility of IT
dollars, and reduce risk.

ʻYou get much more transparency            http://www.flickr.com/photos/gmcharlt/
                                                        3805445236/
and interoperability, and that
reduces your risk,ʼ she said.


                                      http://news.cnet.com/8301-13505_3-9921115-16.html
Isn’t Open Source Risky?

Several Levels of Risk to consider:

• Software security issues
   • Open source is just as secure if
    not more secure than
    proprietary systems because of
    its transparency

• Company mergers and
 acquisitions
  • Because you own the code to
    your system you are not tied to
    one support source and will
    never be left without support       http://www.flickr.com/photos/auntie/102849109/
Can I do it Myself?

• Absolutely, with the right
 in-house skills

   • Linux server
    management

   • Web programming
      • Perl / PHP / MySQL
   • Systems knowledge
Some Numbers
Open Source & Libraries
When asked what Open Source apps they use at work,
977 librarians and library workers answered as follows
Open Source & Libraries

When asked why they chose and open source app, 977
 librarians and library workers answered as follows
Additional Links

• Top 50 Programs that Drive You Crazy & their OS Alternatives:
 http://tinyurl.com/2xju2m

• OSS Watch, open source software advisory service:
 http://www.oss-watch.ac.uk

• Library Leadership Network: Open Source:
 http://pln.palinet.org/wiki/index.php/Category:Open_source

• Open Source Living
 http://osliving.com

• Nicoleʼs Delicious bookmarks:
 http://delicious.com/nengard/opensource
Open Source Blogs

• The Open Road
 http://www.cnet.com/openroad/

• Open Ended from Ars Technica
 http://arstechnica.com/open-source

• The H Open Source
 http://www.h-online.com/open/

• ZDNet Open Source
 http://blogs.zdnet.com/open-source

• New York Times - Open
 http://open.nytimes.com

• OSS & Libraries (Yahoo! Pipe)
 http://tinyurl.com/5aohv9
Online Reading List

• Open Source: Narrowing the Divides between Education,
 Business, and Community
 http://connect.educause.edu/display/47941

• Open Source Software in Libraries
 http://infomotions.com/musings/ossnlibraries/

• Open Source Software and Libraries Bibliography
 http://www.vuw.ac.nz/staff/brenda_chawner/biblio.html

• We Love Open Source Software. No, You Canʼt Have Our Code
 http://journal.code4lib.org/articles/527

• A Primer on Risk
 http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6611591.html
Print Reading List

• The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open
 Source by an Accidental Revolutionary by Eric S. Raymond

• Embracing Insanity: Open Source Software Development by
 Russell Pavlicek

• The success of open source by Steve Weber
• The open source alternative: Understanding risks and leveraging
 opportunities by Heather J. Meeker

• Open Sources 2.0: The Continuing Evolution by Chris DiBona,
 Mark Stone, and Danese Cooper

• Producing Open Source Software: How to Run a Successful Free
 Software Project by Karl Fogel (http://producingoss.com)
Thank You

Nicole C. Engard
Director of Open Source Education
nengard@bywatersolutions.com



       Learn more at:
  www.bywatersolutions.com

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Open Source & Libraries

  • 1. Open Source for Libraries Nicole C. Engard Director of Open Source Education nengard@bywatersolutions.com Learn more at: www.bywatersolutions.com
  • 2. What is Open Source? • “Isnʼt that insecure?” • “I donʼt want to share my data!” • “How can it be any good if itʼs free?” • “We donʼt have the staff to handle open source.” • “Weʼve never had success with homegrown systems.”
  • 3. What is Open Source? Open source software is software that users have the ability to run, distribute, study and modify for any purpose. Open source is a collaborative software- development method that harnesses the power of peer review and transparency of process to develop code that is freely accessible.1 Open source draws on an ecosystem of thousands of developers and customers all over the world to drive innovation.2 1,2 http://connect.educause.edu/display/47941
  • 4. What is Open Source? The Cathedral (proprietary software) •Development occurs behind walls •Source code is usually not provided - kept locked up •Corporate hierarchy The Bazaar (open source software) •Code developed over the Internet with several others in public view •Source code open to all users •“Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow” http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/
  • 5. Open Source Governance What kind of quality control is there? •Most open source projects have a release manager or a manager of some sort who reviews the code and approves it before adding it to the final release What is the roll of the community? •The community looks out for the best interests of the software. They work as the governing body behind all decisions related to the software. The community decides what features to develop next and who the managers are.
  • 6. Open Source Community • Open source is about more than free software • Community is crucial to the growth of open source • Without shared knowledge and collaboration the project will not grow • People who use open source can collaborate in many ways with the community • Write code • Write documentation • Debug • Educate others
  • 7. Open Source Community “Crowdsourcing has it genesis in the open source movement in software. The development of the Linux operating system proved that a community of like- minded peers was capable of creating a better product than a corporate behemoth like Microsoft. Open source revealed a fundamental truth about humans that had gone largely unnoticed until the connectively of the Internet brought it into high relief: labor can often be organized more efficiently in the context of a community than it can in the context of the corporation. The best person to do a job is the one who most wants to do that job; and the best people to evaluate their performance are their friends and peers who, by the way, will enthusiastically pitch in to improve the final product, simply for the sheer pleasure of helping one another and creating something beautiful from which they all will benefit.” Howe, J. (2008). Crowdsourcing: Why the power of the crowd is driving the future of business. New York: Crown Business. p.8
  • 8. Who’s Using Open • Government Agencies • All Kinds of Businesses • Schools (K-colleges) • Web Developers
  • 9. Open Source in Business http://www.unisys.com/about__unisys/news_a_events/industry__analyst__reports/open__source__software__expanding.htm
  • 10. Open Source on the Web Total Active Servers: 11/2000 to 8/2009 http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2009/08/31/august_2009_web_server_survey.html
  • 11. Why so Popular • Reliability through Peer Review • Freedom to Innovate • No Vendor Lock-in • User-centric Development • Zero License Fees
  • 13. Open Source Concerns http://www.unisys.com/about__unisys/news_a_events/industry__analyst__reports/open__source__software__expanding.htm
  • 14. Open Source & Libraries Libraries and Open Source Both... • Believe that information should be freely accessible to everyone • Give away stuff • Benefit from the generosity of others • Are about communities • Make the world a better place -- Horton, G. http://tinyurl.com/3jvumn
  • 15. Open Source & Libraries Libraries and Open Source make the perfect pair [Librarians] "are almost ethically required to use and develop open source software." -- Crawford, R. S. http://www.lugod.org/presentations/oss4lib.pdf "The open source movement and libraries have a lot in common, not the least of which is the belief in free and open access to ideas and information" -- Burger, T. M. http://www.linux.com/feature/59491 http://www.flickr.com/photos/cavort/151687944/
  • 16. Open Source & Libraries Libraries and Open Source make the perfect pair “Libraries are committed to the notion of the ʻcommons.ʼ Libraries are in fact one of the last best hopes for the preservation of the intellectual commons. That value system should extend to the intellectual work we do on our access systems. We should reclaim the domain of library technology from the commercial and proprietary realms and actualize is as part of our vision of the commons. ... We are also congenital collaborators. Can you think of any other group of institutions that share their stuff the way we do through ILL? -- Lucia, J. http://pln.palinet.org/wiki/index.php/Open_source_plans
  • 17. Open Source & Libraries Common questions libraries have: Is there support? Do I have to know how to program? Do I have to skimp on features? Isn’t Open Source risky? Can I do it myself?
  • 18. Support for Open Source Is there support? • ByWater Solutions • BibLibre • Equinox • And more! Do I have to know how to program? • Local Students • Freelance Developers
  • 19. Do I have to Skimp on Features? • Open Source developers follow the rule of “Release early and release often” • Users vote with their dollars and time • Freedom to develop on your own • Developers love their products http://www.flickr.com/photos/ programwitch/2505184887/
  • 20. Isn’t OPen Source Risky? Casey Coleman, chief information officer for the GSA (U.S. General Services Administration), said in a speech ... that the GSA heavily relies on open source to drive down costs, increase flexibility of IT dollars, and reduce risk. ʻYou get much more transparency http://www.flickr.com/photos/gmcharlt/ 3805445236/ and interoperability, and that reduces your risk,ʼ she said. http://news.cnet.com/8301-13505_3-9921115-16.html
  • 21. Isn’t Open Source Risky? Several Levels of Risk to consider: • Software security issues • Open source is just as secure if not more secure than proprietary systems because of its transparency • Company mergers and acquisitions • Because you own the code to your system you are not tied to one support source and will never be left without support http://www.flickr.com/photos/auntie/102849109/
  • 22. Can I do it Myself? • Absolutely, with the right in-house skills • Linux server management • Web programming • Perl / PHP / MySQL • Systems knowledge
  • 24. Open Source & Libraries When asked what Open Source apps they use at work, 977 librarians and library workers answered as follows
  • 25. Open Source & Libraries When asked why they chose and open source app, 977 librarians and library workers answered as follows
  • 26. Additional Links • Top 50 Programs that Drive You Crazy & their OS Alternatives: http://tinyurl.com/2xju2m • OSS Watch, open source software advisory service: http://www.oss-watch.ac.uk • Library Leadership Network: Open Source: http://pln.palinet.org/wiki/index.php/Category:Open_source • Open Source Living http://osliving.com • Nicoleʼs Delicious bookmarks: http://delicious.com/nengard/opensource
  • 27. Open Source Blogs • The Open Road http://www.cnet.com/openroad/ • Open Ended from Ars Technica http://arstechnica.com/open-source • The H Open Source http://www.h-online.com/open/ • ZDNet Open Source http://blogs.zdnet.com/open-source • New York Times - Open http://open.nytimes.com • OSS & Libraries (Yahoo! Pipe) http://tinyurl.com/5aohv9
  • 28. Online Reading List • Open Source: Narrowing the Divides between Education, Business, and Community http://connect.educause.edu/display/47941 • Open Source Software in Libraries http://infomotions.com/musings/ossnlibraries/ • Open Source Software and Libraries Bibliography http://www.vuw.ac.nz/staff/brenda_chawner/biblio.html • We Love Open Source Software. No, You Canʼt Have Our Code http://journal.code4lib.org/articles/527 • A Primer on Risk http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6611591.html
  • 29. Print Reading List • The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary by Eric S. Raymond • Embracing Insanity: Open Source Software Development by Russell Pavlicek • The success of open source by Steve Weber • The open source alternative: Understanding risks and leveraging opportunities by Heather J. Meeker • Open Sources 2.0: The Continuing Evolution by Chris DiBona, Mark Stone, and Danese Cooper • Producing Open Source Software: How to Run a Successful Free Software Project by Karl Fogel (http://producingoss.com)
  • 30. Thank You Nicole C. Engard Director of Open Source Education nengard@bywatersolutions.com Learn more at: www.bywatersolutions.com