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CWG - North Africa
CWG - North Africa
Boundaries

 The subregion is
  bordered by the
  Atlantic Ocean in
  the West, the Red
  Sea in the East and
  the Mediterranean
  Sea to the North.
Countries in the North Africa:
   the Maghrib, Arabic meaning “where the sun sets”
    (the western sub region that includes
    Morocco/Western Sahara, Algeria, and Tunisia)


   the Mashriq meaning “where the sun rises” (the
    eastern sub region including Libya and Egypt)
Climate
   The subregion is characterized, in general,
    by a hot and dry to very dry climate. Its
    northern part falls under the temperate
    influence of the Mediterranean, while the
    central and southern regions are desert.
    Owing to the latitude range from 19° to 37°
    N and altitude of up to 4 165 m in the High
    Atlas of Morocco, the rainfall regime is quite
    variable. The average annual precipitation is
    below 100 mm in the Sahara but as high as 1
    500 mm in the regions of Ain Draham and
    Djebel El Ghorra in Tunisia and up to 2 000
    mm in the mountains of Morocco. However,
    less than 10 percent of the subregion
    receives more than 300 mm per year. A hot,
    dry sirocco wind blowing north from the
    Sahara is frequent during the summer
    season, bringing blinding sand and dust
    storms to the coastal regions.
Physical Map of North Africa
   SAHARA DESERT
    Covering almost one-third of the continent, the Sahara
    is the largest desert in the world at approximately
    3,500,000 sq. miles (9,065,000 sq. km) in total size.
   Sand dunes – winds
    blowing across sahara
   NUBIAN DESERT
    - is in the eastern region of the Sahara Desert,
    spanning approximately 400,000 There is
    virtually no rainfall in the Nubian, and there are
    no oases. The traditional inhabitants of the area
    are the Nubians.
ATLAS MOUNTAINS
This mountain system runs from southwestern Morocco along the Mediterranean
coastline to the eastern edge of Tunisia. Several smaller ranges are included, namely
the High Atlas, Middle Atlas and Maritime Atlas. The highest peak is Mt. Toubkal in
western Morocco at 13,671 ft. (4,167m).




                              ATLAS MOUNTAINS
NILE RIVER SYSTEM
The longest river in the
world (flows north), rising
from the highlands of
southeastern Africa and
running about 4,160 miles
(6,693 km) in length, to
then drain in the
Mediterranean Sea. In
simple terms it's a series
of dams, rapids, streams,
swamps, tributaries and
waterfalls. Numerous
(major) rivers comprise
the overall system,
including the Albert Nile,
Blue Nile, Victoria Nile
and White Nile.
NILE DELTA

  As the river nears the Mediterranean, it separates into
small streams.
Resources
Main livelihood: Farming (arable land) and Exporting minerals
Products: Wheat, Barley, Citrus Fruits, Olives, Dates, Tomatoes,
Onions, Pepper, Cotton
Minerals: iron ore, silver, zinc, copper, lead, manganese, barytine, gold,
salt, limestone, gypsum, coal, petroleum and natural gas exports
•   North Africa also produces forest products, including furniture and
    cabinet wood
•   Western Sahara is a major phosphate producer
•   a leading producer of cork.
Livestock: cattle, sheep, camels
Languages: Arabic (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco,
Tunisia ), Berber dialects, Niger-Congo languages (Mauritania)


Berber Dialects:
Algeria- Kabyle, Shawiya, Tuareg
Libya- Nafusi, Tuareg
Mauritania- Zenaga, Tamasheq
Morocco- Riff, Shilha, Central Morocco Tamazight
Tunisia- Djerbi / Shelha


Races: Arabs, Berbers, Caucasians, Moors
Religion
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
 0%
       Islam 90.5 %   Christianity 5.20 Traditional      Baha'i 0.1 %   Judaism 0.1 %
                              %        Religion 4.10 %
Currencies
Dinar (Algerian, Libyan, Tunisian)
Egyptian Pound
Dirham (Morocca, Western Sahara)
Environmental Issues
Drought

   Many people in Africa suffer greatly because of the hot dry
    climate. Countries such as Chad, Burkina Faso and Nigeria
    can often go for many weeks without rain. The land
    becomes dusty and infertile, and crops cannot be grown.
    Thousands of families are forced to leave their homes in
    search of food and aid.
Drought
Drought
Overgrazing
    occurs when plants are exposed to
    intensive grazing for extended periods of time, or
    without sufficient recovery periods. It can be caused
    by either livestock in poorly
    managed agricultural applications, or by
    overpopulations of native or non-native wild
    animals.
   Overgrazing reduces the
    usefulness, productivity, and biodiversity of the land
    and is one cause of desertification and erosion.
    Overgrazing is also seen as a cause of the spread
    of invasive species of non-native plants and of
    weeds.
Overgrazing
Stripping of vegetation

    For fuel food and animal fodder


        This has reduced the already
         limited amount of land available
         for farming
Desertification
   is the degradation of land in any dry land. It is
    caused by a variety of factors, such as climate
    change and human activities, desertification is one
    of the most significant global environmental
    problems.
   The Sahara is currently expanding south at a rate of
    up to 48 kilometers per year.
   Desertification in the Sahel is progressing at
    an alarmingly rapid rate, with 2,500 hectares, an
    area the size of Luxemburg, being desertified each
    year.
CWG - North Africa
CWG - North Africa

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CWG - North Africa

  • 3. Boundaries  The subregion is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the West, the Red Sea in the East and the Mediterranean Sea to the North.
  • 4. Countries in the North Africa:
  • 5. the Maghrib, Arabic meaning “where the sun sets” (the western sub region that includes Morocco/Western Sahara, Algeria, and Tunisia)  the Mashriq meaning “where the sun rises” (the eastern sub region including Libya and Egypt)
  • 6. Climate  The subregion is characterized, in general, by a hot and dry to very dry climate. Its northern part falls under the temperate influence of the Mediterranean, while the central and southern regions are desert. Owing to the latitude range from 19° to 37° N and altitude of up to 4 165 m in the High Atlas of Morocco, the rainfall regime is quite variable. The average annual precipitation is below 100 mm in the Sahara but as high as 1 500 mm in the regions of Ain Draham and Djebel El Ghorra in Tunisia and up to 2 000 mm in the mountains of Morocco. However, less than 10 percent of the subregion receives more than 300 mm per year. A hot, dry sirocco wind blowing north from the Sahara is frequent during the summer season, bringing blinding sand and dust storms to the coastal regions.
  • 7. Physical Map of North Africa
  • 8. SAHARA DESERT Covering almost one-third of the continent, the Sahara is the largest desert in the world at approximately 3,500,000 sq. miles (9,065,000 sq. km) in total size.
  • 9. Sand dunes – winds blowing across sahara
  • 10. NUBIAN DESERT - is in the eastern region of the Sahara Desert, spanning approximately 400,000 There is virtually no rainfall in the Nubian, and there are no oases. The traditional inhabitants of the area are the Nubians.
  • 11. ATLAS MOUNTAINS This mountain system runs from southwestern Morocco along the Mediterranean coastline to the eastern edge of Tunisia. Several smaller ranges are included, namely the High Atlas, Middle Atlas and Maritime Atlas. The highest peak is Mt. Toubkal in western Morocco at 13,671 ft. (4,167m). ATLAS MOUNTAINS
  • 12. NILE RIVER SYSTEM The longest river in the world (flows north), rising from the highlands of southeastern Africa and running about 4,160 miles (6,693 km) in length, to then drain in the Mediterranean Sea. In simple terms it's a series of dams, rapids, streams, swamps, tributaries and waterfalls. Numerous (major) rivers comprise the overall system, including the Albert Nile, Blue Nile, Victoria Nile and White Nile.
  • 13. NILE DELTA As the river nears the Mediterranean, it separates into small streams.
  • 14. Resources Main livelihood: Farming (arable land) and Exporting minerals Products: Wheat, Barley, Citrus Fruits, Olives, Dates, Tomatoes, Onions, Pepper, Cotton Minerals: iron ore, silver, zinc, copper, lead, manganese, barytine, gold, salt, limestone, gypsum, coal, petroleum and natural gas exports • North Africa also produces forest products, including furniture and cabinet wood • Western Sahara is a major phosphate producer • a leading producer of cork. Livestock: cattle, sheep, camels
  • 15. Languages: Arabic (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia ), Berber dialects, Niger-Congo languages (Mauritania) Berber Dialects: Algeria- Kabyle, Shawiya, Tuareg Libya- Nafusi, Tuareg Mauritania- Zenaga, Tamasheq Morocco- Riff, Shilha, Central Morocco Tamazight Tunisia- Djerbi / Shelha Races: Arabs, Berbers, Caucasians, Moors
  • 16. Religion 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Islam 90.5 % Christianity 5.20 Traditional Baha'i 0.1 % Judaism 0.1 % % Religion 4.10 %
  • 21. Drought  Many people in Africa suffer greatly because of the hot dry climate. Countries such as Chad, Burkina Faso and Nigeria can often go for many weeks without rain. The land becomes dusty and infertile, and crops cannot be grown. Thousands of families are forced to leave their homes in search of food and aid.
  • 24. Overgrazing  occurs when plants are exposed to intensive grazing for extended periods of time, or without sufficient recovery periods. It can be caused by either livestock in poorly managed agricultural applications, or by overpopulations of native or non-native wild animals.  Overgrazing reduces the usefulness, productivity, and biodiversity of the land and is one cause of desertification and erosion. Overgrazing is also seen as a cause of the spread of invasive species of non-native plants and of weeds.
  • 26. Stripping of vegetation  For fuel food and animal fodder  This has reduced the already limited amount of land available for farming
  • 27. Desertification  is the degradation of land in any dry land. It is caused by a variety of factors, such as climate change and human activities, desertification is one of the most significant global environmental problems.  The Sahara is currently expanding south at a rate of up to 48 kilometers per year.  Desertification in the Sahel is progressing at an alarmingly rapid rate, with 2,500 hectares, an area the size of Luxemburg, being desertified each year.