History of nursing in india.

1. HISTORY OF NURSING IN
INDIA
PREPARED BY:
USHA RANI KANDULA,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF ADULT HEALTH NURSING,
ARSI UNIVERSITY,ASELLA,ETHIOPIA,
SOUTH EAST AFRICA.

2. INTRODUCTION
 Knowledge of the profession‘s
history increases the nurse‘s
awareness and promotes an
understanding of the social and
intellectual origins of the discipline.

3.  From its earliest history nursing
was a form of community service
to protect and preserve the family.
 Historically men and women held
the role of nurse.

4. PREHISTORIC PERIOD
In Prehistoric Period, women
were responsible for gathering
herbs, roots and plants that were
used to heal the sick.

5.  The entry of women into nursing
can be traced to approximately
300 AD.

6.  Christians taught that men and
women are equal before God and
appealed to carry on His work in
the behalf of all who were in
distress.

7. ANCIENT INDIA

8.  The earliest literature of india
consists of the sanskrit vedas or
sacred books.

9.  Sushruta was known as the father of
surgery in india.
 The four principle vedas are :
 1.Rigveda
 2.Theyaur veda
 3.Sama veda
 4.Atharva veda

10. CHARAKA
 The charaka samhita gives
bathing purifies the body, relieves
the fatigue, promotes strength
and maintain personal hygiene.

11. KING EMPEROR ASHOKA
 He was the first person to
improve the medical care in india.
 Prevention of disease became the
first priority and maintaining the
personal hygiene.

12. HIPPOCRATES
 HIPPOCRATES was known as
father of medicine.
 He spent much time in absorbing
symptoms and able to teach, that
evil spirits did not cause disease.

13.  He developed doing physical
examination and taking of
histories.

14. MIDDLE AGES

15.  During the middle Ages (1100-
1200 AD) charitable institutions
were started to care for the aged,
sick and poor.

16.  Nurses delivered care and
depended on physicians or
priests for direction.
 Nurse Midwifery flourished during
middle ages.

17. FIFTEENTH TO
NINETEENTH CENTURY

18.  The expanded health care by
establishing hospitals and
nursing orders for men.
 Christianity greatly influenced the
development of nursing.

19.  One of the earliest records of
Christian nursing was the
formation of the order of
Deaconesses, a group of public
health or visiting nurses.

20.  The need for nurses and
increasing nursing
responsibilities were due to the
economic growth of eighteenth
century, epidemics and the
Revolutionary War.

21.  The sisters became widely known
as visiting nurses because they
cared for sick people in their
homes.

22. IN THE EIGHTEENTH
CENTURY

23.  In the eighteenth century the
further growth of cities brought
an increase in the number of
hospitals and expanded role of
nurses.

24. The formal nursing education,
nursing knowledge and skills
were generally passed by
experienced nurses.

25.  During the nineteenth century
Protestant churches revived the
Deaconess Order.

26. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

27.  The founder of modern nursing,
Florence Nightingale, established
the first nursing philosophy based on
health maintenance and restoration
in Notes of Nursing: What it is and
what it is not.

28.  Her views on nursing were derived
from a spiritual philosophy,
developed in her adolescence and
adulthood and reflecting the
changing needs of society.

29.  In 1853 Nightingale went to Paris to
study with the Sisters of Charity and
was appointed superintendent of
The English General Hospitals in
Turkey.

30.  During this Crimean War period she
brought about major reforms in
hygiene, sanitation and nursing
practice and reduced the mortality
rate at the Barracks Hospital,
Turkey.

31. THE CIVIL WAR

32.  Nursing services given to soldiers on
the battle field, cleansing the
wounds, meeting their basic needs
and comforting them in death.

33.  Nursing in hospitals expanded in
the late nineteenth century.

34. TWENTIETH CENTURY

35.  In the early twentieth century, a
movement toward a scientific,
research-based defined body of
nursing knowledge and practice was
seen.
 Nurses began to assume expanded
and advance practice roles.

36.  As education developed, nursing
practice also expanded.
 In 1901 the Army Nurse Corps was
established.
 By the year 1908 Navy Corps
established.

37.  By the year 1920s nursing
specialization was developing.

38.  Today, the profession is faced with
multiple challenges.
 Nurses and Nurse Educators are
revising nursing practice and
curricula to meeting the ever
changing needs of society.

39. THANKING YOU