The document discusses characterization and treatment of effluents from textile chemical processing. It notes that textile effluents are diverse in nature and contain a large variety of organic and inorganic materials used in various textile processes. Common effluent treatment methods discussed include primary treatment like screening, equalization and neutralization, secondary biological treatments, and tertiary treatments like adsorption and reverse osmosis. The document emphasizes the importance of pollution prevention through waste minimization techniques over end-of-pipe treatment methods. It provides some cleaner production and waste reduction options for the textile industry.

1. Characterization and treatment of textile chemical processing effluents R.B.Chavan Department of Textile Technology Indian Institute of Technology Hauz-Khas, New Delhi 110016 E-mail rbchavan@hotmail.com

9. Tolerance limits for industrial effluents Absent Absent Absent Absent Pesticides mg/l 5 - - 2 Sulphides mg/l 15 - 15 5 Zinc mg/l 3 - 3 3 Copper mg/l 1.0 - 2 0.1 Hexavalent chromium mg/l 250 - - 250 COD 100 100 350 30 BOD (5 days ) 20 10 20 10 Oil and grease mg/l 45 - 45 40 Temperature 0C Max. 5.5-9 5.5-9 5.5-9 5.5-9 pH - 2100 2100 2100 Dissolved solids (TDS, mg/l m - 200 600 100 Suspended solids (mg/l ) Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colour and odour Into marine Coastal areas On land for irrigation Into public sewer Into inland surface water Characteristics

20. RO of Rinsed water from dyeing

22. Adsorption on activated carbon bed

24. Cleaner production options

27. Trade prospects

33. Pollution prevention Strategy

41. Reduction of water consumption Wash Wash Degumming

42. Reduction of water consumption Exhaust dyeing Rinse Rinse Rinse Recycle for rinsing subsequent dyeing