NCompass Live: Talking Book and Braille Service: Continuously Evolving
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NCompass Live - http://nlc.nebraska.gov/ncompasslive/ July 13, 2022 Join Gabe Kramer, Director of the Nebraska Library Commission's Talking Book & Braille Service, to learn about the free audiobooks, audio magazines, and Braille available through the TBBS to individuals with a visual or physical condition, or a reading disability which limits use of regular print. We will take a look at the past, present, and future of the talking book program’s technology and services.
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NCompass Live: Talking Book and Braille Service: Continuously Evolving
- 1. TALKING BOOK AND BRAILLE SERVICE: AN OVERVIEW GABE KRAMER DIRECTOR, NEBRASKA LIBRARY COMMISSION TALKING BOOK AND BRAILLE SERVICE
- 2. LEGISLATION • Pratt-Smoot Act of 1931 • https://www.loc.gov/nls/about/organization/laws- regulations/governing-legislation-act-march-3-1931/ • Chafee Amendment (1996) • https://www.loc.gov/nls/about/organization/laws- regulations/copyright-law-amendment-1996-pl-104- 197/#:~:text=The%20amendment%20allows%20authorized%20entities,u se%20by%20print%2Ddisabled%20persons.
- 3. NATIONAL LIBRARY SERVICE (NLS) • Is a division of the Library of Congress (LOC) • Free program • Collection includes: • Books in both audio and braille • Music scores in braille and large-print • Specially designed playback equipment • Digital Talking Book Machine & Braille E-Reader
- 4. TALKING BOOK AND BRAILLE SERVICE (TBBS) • Nebraska’s NLS network library • Provides for free: • Audio books and magazines on cartridge • Audio books and magazines; braille books and magazines via BARD; musical scores • Digital Talking Book Machines (DTBM) • Must meet NLS requirements to qualify for service
- 5. HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY • Specialized Formats: • Talking Books started on 33 1/3 RPM records, which became 8 1/3 RPM to get more audio on each record and to be a proprietary “protected” format • Cassette format: 4-track, 1 7/8 IPS (half-speed), 88 minutes per side, became another specialized format that could hold almost six hours per cassette • Digital Talking Book: a set of audio files and navigation files, encrypted for copyright protection, and limited in size only by storage capacity
- 6. NLS RECORD PLAYER Pictured: A-77 machine (1977).
- 7. NLS C-1 CASSETTE PLAYER FIRST DEVELOPED IN 1981.
- 8. RECORDING PROCESS • Roughly 25 volunteer narrators • They donate 1.5-2 hours/week • We record about 25 unique magazines • Magazines are of local and regional interest • Magazines feature multiple narrators/issue • Books take more time • One voice/book • Books go through an extra review process • After recording: • Review & Fixes (books only) • Assembly • Post-production • Markup • Encryption • Duplication
- 9. CIRCULATION MODELS PHYSICAL MATERIALS • Analog or Digital materials stored on physical media • Stored on shelves • Circulated to patrons, inspected and re-shelved BOOKS AS DIGITAL FILES • Can be circulated through traditional means • Additional methods become possible; can respond to evolving technology • Consideration of distribution approaches for the future
- 10. DISTRIBUTION APPROACHES: DTB CARTRIDGES • Digital Talking Books were initially made to circulate on specialized-shape flash memory “cartridges” • Each cartridge held one book or magazine, with labels identifying its “stable” contents • Better sound, better storage capacity, enhanced navigational ease and depth • Two models of Digital Talking Book players available to patrons, Standard and Advanced
- 12. DISTRIBUTION APPROACHES: BARD • BARD is a National Library Service download website: “Braille and Audio Reading Download” • Books and magazines produced by NLS can be downloaded to a computer, unzipped, copied to a blank DTB cartridge, and used on a Standard or Advanced player • “Bookshelf” feature added to DTB player software to accommodate storing multiple books/magazines on a single cartridge
- 14. DISTRIBUTION APPROACHES: MOBILE APPS • BARD apps are available for iOS and droid devices • Borrowers can find and download their books to play directly on these devices, using their BARD login and password • For those who have their own mobile devices or gadgets like the Kindle Fire or iPads, these allow for using the service without needing to lug multiple machines around
- 15. BARD MOBILE APP
- 16. WHAT IS DUPLICATION ON DEMAND? • Duplication on Demand essentially functions as a modified version of the DTB cartridge distribution model, but incorporates some of the advantages of the downloadable models as well. • Cartridges are still delivered to patrons mostly via mail or local pickup • Cartridges still play on the Standard and Advanced players provided to patrons, but can support multiple books/mags on cartridge • Integrated with our WebREADS circulation software to improve
- 17. DUPLICATION ON DEMAND “GUTENBERG” SYSTEM
- 18. DOD: ADVANTAGES FOR PATRONS • Patrons can receive multiple books on cartridge if they prefer • Less fussing with mail delivery and return • No waiting for books whose copies are all checked out to other patrons • Reading books in series in actual series order on a single cartridge • Fewer cartridges to keep track of around the house • Should help to make sure new books to read are always on hand • New titles produced by NLS can be borrowed immediately
- 19. CREATING A SERIES CARTRIDGE
- 20. ADVANTAGES FOR TBBS STAFF • Every book is always available for anyone, delivered “just in time” • Less storage space needed for book copies • Less staff time: pulling shelved books for outgoing mail, inspecting returned books, testing old cartridges for potential errors, re-shelving • Less overall mail volume because multiple books can be delivered on a single cartridge
- 21. TALKING BOOK STORAGE AND MAIL CARDS
- 23. DISCOVERIES SO FAR • We began transitioning patrons to Duplication on Demand on October 25th, 2018. • All of our patrons have been switched to Duplication on Demand. • As of September 30, 2019, we have sent out 74,870 DOD cartridges, containing 229,721 books. • That averages 3.1 books per cartridge sent.
- 24. DISCOVERIES SO FAR (CONTINUED) • Our traditional mail card-based delivery has dropped to almost nothing, about 1 every two weeks. • Our Readers Advisors switched people over as they contact us, so it turns out that roughly 50 percent of our patrons are responsible for over 95 percent of our actual circulation activity • Almost all patron response to the change has been positive— people love having more books handy on a single cartridge
- 25. NEW CARTRIDGES AND MAIL CARDS
- 26. FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS • Integration with magazine materials • Braille e-readers: now available to Nebraska patrons as of February 2022 • Marrakesh Treaty: access to foreign and foreign-language materials. 1, 500 titles have been added to the NLS collection via Marrakesh • Wireless delivery, with duplication on demand as secondary method for those with connectivity issues
- 27. HOW TO SIGN UP? • Paper applications. • gabe.kramer@nebraska.gov • On-line: http://nlc.nebraska.gov/tbbs/applyforservice.aspx • Individual • Facility • School
- 28. QUESTIONS?
Hinweis der Redaktion
- The foundation for talking books lies in the Pratt-Smoot Act and the Chafee Amendment. The Pratt-Smoot Act of 1931 provided for the Library of Congress to provide books to people who are blind and to work with regional libraries for book circulation. The Talking Book and Braille Service (TBBS) is the regional library for Nebraska. . The 1996 Chafee Amendment addresses copyright and allows for the reproduction of materials in specialized format for the exclusive use by individuals with visual and physical disabilities.
- The National Library Service (NLS) is a division of the Library of Congress. Through a national network of cooperating libraries, (which the Talking Book and Braille Service is one), NLS administers a free library program of braille and audio materials circulated to eligible borrowers in the United States by postage-free mail. The collection includes audio and braille books and magazines, music scores in braille and large print, and specially designed playback equipment. These materials are available for residents of the United States who are unable to read or use standard print materials because of visual or physical impairment. NLS administers the program nationally while direct service to eligible individuals and institutions is the responsibility of cooperating libraries in the various states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands. Service is also extended to eligible American citizens residing abroad.
- TBBS is the NLS network library serving the state of Nebraska. TBBS provides free books and magazines on cartridge, through download via Braille and Audio Reading Download (BARD) and in Braille to individuals with a visual or physical condition, or a reading disability which limits use of regular print.
- The C-1 machine was the longest in-use machine in NLS history. Lasting from 1981-2012 officially, although it is still in use today in a very limited capacity.
- We have about 25 volunteer narrators that read 1.5-2 hrs./week. All narrators must go through an audition process before they can become narrators. We mainly focus on magazines. We record about 25 unique magazines. The magazines are of local and regional interest. Because of timeliness, we use multiple narrators/issue. This allows us to get the magazines out as fast as possible. Books take more time. We use one narrator/book. After the recording is finished magazines go through what we call the assembly process. Even though we are recording in digital, not analog, we still think about things through an analog lens. During the recording process, each article is recorded as its own stand alone file. Then they are assembled into 88 minute sides. After the magazine is assembled, they go to post-production where the audio is cleaned-up. After post-production is markup. For the markup process we use a proprietary software called Hindenburg. During markup we insert markers that allow you to skip between articles or chapters, parts, etc. Then we move to the encryption process. After encryption the recording is essentially “locked.” The only way to listen to the recording is to insert the cartridge into one of our DTBMs. If you were to place the cartridge into the USB port on your computer you would receive a message that you are not authorized to view this file. Books go through an extra process we call review. One of my colleagues sits and listens to the recording with a copy of the book and finds everything that we did wrong in the studio (extraneous noises, mispronounced words, wrong words, etc.). Then we send the book back to the studio to be fixed. After fixes, the book continues down the same path as magazines.
- There are two types of circulation models, physical and digital. There are pros and cons to both. The pros to physical materials is their accessibility, they are stored on physical media on shelves. However, physical media must be inspected and re-shelved. The positive aspects of digital files are this: they can be circulated through traditional means, such as cartridges, but don’t have to be stored and re-shelved. Additional methods are possible, such as BARD, which allow patrons to download books straight to their mobile device. But, digital files can become corrupted, access can be cut off if the internet is down.
- As you can see, the advanced player has 5 more buttons. I feel that with Duplication on Demand and multiple books on cartridges, the advanced player is actually easier to use. However, most patrons do not like it, they feel intimidated because it has more buttons.
- With the advent of digital technology, we now have multiple approaches to distribution other than the standard cartridge delivered to your home. The first of those is BARD. (Read slide).
- If you can recall from a few slides back, the app interface looks like the physical player.
- Which now brings us to Duplication on Demand. Duplication on Demand combines the home delivered cartridge and BARD together.
- Duplication on demand in a nutshell. When a patron requests a book, either through a truly “on-demand” process, such as contacting their reader’s advisor and asking for specific titles or through the automatic fulfillment process, or turnaround, which requires a patron (or a readers advisor) to create a request list; our ILS, WebREADS, creates a cartridge specifically for them. WebREADS sends the books to the stack (on the right). Each cartridge corresponds to a box on the monitor on the left. When the cartridge is finished duplicating, we scan the bar code located on the cartridge and a mail card is printed. We put the cartridge in a box. Put the mail card in the box and send it out. If a patron keeps their request list updated, the automatic fulfillment (or turnaround) process is great. When a cartridge is returned a new one sent immediately with new books on it.
- Reading a series using duplication on demand is a big benefit to the old way. We can now put an entire series, in order, for example Harry Potter (pictured) on one cartridge. Prior to duplication on demand, we had to keep track of what books were read, and when, for each individual patron and if for example you had read the first two books, but book three was all checked out, you had to wait for the third book. Now, instant gratification.
- As of September of 2019, these blue boxes are gone. Our stacks are completely empty.
- During the transition phase, some of our patrons were receiving books via DOD (left cart) others were still receiving books via our old circulation method. The cart on the left is books created via DOD, the right is the standard NLS distributed cartridges that we no longer use. What’s great, is since this photo was taken, the amount of books on the cart on the left has not grown. But, the amount of titles per cartridge has. We are now averaging 3.4 titles/cartridge. The books on the cart on the right has disappeared.
- If you notice the labels on the cartridges, they just say Nebraska Talking Book Library. The old carts had the title of the book. But since these cartridges have more than one title per cartridge on them, that was no longer feasible. Now, the mail cards feature the titles that are present on the cartridge.
- Currently, DOD kind of supports magazine materials. We still circulate magazines the old way. One magazine issue per cartridge. However, the national magazines, produced by National Audio Company are shipped with multiple titles per cartridge. Braille e-readers, are now available to Nebraska patrons as of February 2022. The Marrakesh Treaty, the U.S. joined the Treaty as its 50th member, allowing NLS to assist patrons in requesting accessible materials in a wide range of languages from the other libraries around the world that are also treaty members. I don’t believe it has not created any more interest locally for foreign materials. The treaty will probably help out talking book libraries in less developed countries have access to our materials rather than the opposite. Wireless delivery: the new machine, hopefully in beta testing in the next year, will have the ability to have books sent wirelessly, but, those with no internet or spotty internet will still have the availability to use cartridges.
- Paper Applications: I have a few to hand out. Or, if you would like some applications (or promotional materials) to display in your library, please send me an email. On-line is the best way to apply.