Nanovehicles for drug delivery
in Cancer treatment
By- Naveen Sundaria
ID- 44808
M.B.G.E
G.B.P.U.A.T

Index
• Cancer overview
• Different paths of drug delivery
• Life of a pill-passing different barriers
• Chemotherapy vs control release
• How drug identifies cancer cell
• Different mechanisms of bioerodible release
systems
• References

Normal cell- undergoes regulated division, differentiation and
apoptosis.
Cancer cell-
• Lost the usual control.
• Rapid proliferation.
• Bypass Program Cell Death.
• Result in tumor formation.
Tumor type-
• Benign tumor(non cancerous)
Do not invade to tissues
• Malignant tumor(cancerous)
Invade tissues
Metastasis
Cancer

Damaged DNA
Radiation
Chemicals
Virus
Malignant tumor
Carcinomas Sarcomas Lymphomas
Lining of tissues/organ
in epithelial cells
90% cancer.
Connective tissues like
Bones/muscles
2% cancer
Blood forming cell
Cell of immune system
8% cancer

Different paths of drug delivery

Life of a pill-passing
different barriers
Pill

Life of a pill-passing
different barriers

Life of a pill-passing
different barriers
Medication must not
be destroyed by acidic
pH of stomach.

Life of a pill-passing
different barriers
Medication must be small
so that it can pass through
stomach/intestinal lining
Absorbed drug

Life of a pill-passing
different barriers
Medication may be
destroyed by enzymes
of liver
Drug may bind to
protein/fat molecules
reduced available drug

NO
NO
Design of nanocarriers
•Greater surface area/volume ratio
•Greater bioavailability
•Easy surface modification
•Small enough to avoid removal
by phagocytes(<500 nm)
•Large enough to avoid renal
filtration by kidney(>5 nm)
Guide by external magnetic/electrical field

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Earlier method of cancer treatment
Sustain release system
Controlled release system
1
2
3

Different mechanisms of
bioerodible release systems
1. Diffusion controlled(Reservoir system)
2. Chemically controlled(Pendant chain)
3. Solvent control(Osmosis/osmotic pump)
•Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers from natural source like
polyethylene glycol(PEG), polycaprolactone(PCL), polycarbonate..etc
•Natural polymers- cellulase, protein
•Biomacromolecule
•FDA approved drug doxorubicin and paclitaxe

1.Reservoir system
•Diffusion controller
•Diffusion of drug molecules
•Disadvantage- leaking of drug

2.Pendant chain
•Chemical control
•Drug in prodrug form
•Bond between drug and carrier
Polymeric backbone are
pH sensitive bond like
 Amide
 oxime
 carboxylic acid ester
 hydrazone bond

3.osmotic pump
•Solvent control
•System driven by osmotic pressure
•Whole system do not swell
•Rigid membrane is permeable to
water

Intravenous delivery of hydrophobic drug
Guided by magnetic fields
Structural requirements
Hydrophobic polymer
Hydrophilic polymer
Magnetic polymer
Targeting ligand linked polymer
Function
Load hydrophobic drug
Interact with aqueous environment
Guided by external sources
Receptor mediated endocytosis for
Targeted delivery
1

Magnetic polymer
Hydrophilic polymer
Ligand linked polymer
Drug loaded
hydrophobic polymer
Triblock copolymer
Structure in aqueous environment
1 2
3
5

2.Single-walled carbon nano-
tube(SWCNT)
SWCNT Drug
Tumor specific monoclonal antibodies

3.Locate cancer cells using Quantum Dot’s
• Semiconductor nanocrystal(8-10 nm)
• Made up of cadmium selenide, zinc selenide
• Invivo detection cancer cell
Cancer cell

4.Gold nanoparticles
I.R ray
Burned cancer cell

5

References
• Bosch, F. Xavier, et al. "Prevalence of human papillomavirus in
cervical cancer: a worldwide perspective." Journal of the National
Cancer Institute 87.11 (1995): 796-802.
• Sun, Xiaoming, et al. "Nano-graphene oxide for cellular imaging and
drug delivery." Nano research 1.3 (2008): 203-212.
• Washington, Neena, Clive Washington, and Clive Wilson.
Physiological pharmaceutics: barriers to drug absorption. CRC
Press, 2000.
• Liversidge, Gary G., et al. "Surface modified drug nanoparticles."
U.S. Patent No. 5,145,684. 8 Sep. 1992.
• Uhrich, Kathryn E., et al. "Polymeric systems for controlled drug
release." Chemical reviews 99.11 (1999): 3181-3198.
• Makhija, Sapna N., and Pradeep R. Vavia. "Controlled porosity
osmotic pump-based controlled release systems of
pseudoephedrine: I. Cellulose acetate as a semipermeable
membrane." Journal of Controlled Release 89.1 (2003): 5-18.