Business w06 Managing Enterprise @1

Managing
The Business Enterprise

Chapter 6
Managing the Business Enterprise

Corporate strategy, business (comparative) strategy,
Who are managers ? functional strategy --> figure 6.1
Types of strategy
Purpose of goal setting
Setting of strategy
Kinds of goals: long-term, intermediate, and short-term goals
Setting goals and
formulating strategy Formulating strategy Setting strategic goals: figure 6.2
Hierarchy of plans: strategic, technical, & operational plans

Contingency planning & crisis management
Planning
The management process Organizing
Directing
Controlling
Level of management: top, middle, and first-line managers
Types of managers
Areas of management: HR, operations, marketing, information, financial,
and other managers.

Technical skill
Human relations skill
Basic management skill Conceptual skills
Decision-making skills
Time management skill
Management and Communicating the culture
Communicating the culture and
the corporate culture
Managing change Managing change
anna_riana@yahoo.com

Who are Managers ?

• All corporations depend on effective
management.

• The principles of management
apply to all kinds of organizations.

• Managers are among an
organization’
organization’s most important
resources.


Types of Managers

Top

Middle

First-Line


One who handles, controls, or directs, especially:
1. One who directs a business or other enterprise.
2. One who controls resources and expenditures, as of a household.
3. One who is in charge of the business affairs of an entertainer.

Manager
• Executive whose function is to plan, organize, and control, and to
make decisions in order to achieve organizational objectives.
• A person having administrative or managerial authority in an
organization: administrant, administrator, director, executive, officer,
official. Informal exec. See over/under.
• Someone who directs and supervises workers: boss, director, foreman,
foreperson, forewoman, head, overseer, superintendent, supervisor,
supervisor,
taskmaster, taskmistress.


What are Goals ?

Objectives that a business
hopes and plans to achieve


Visi, Misi, Strategi


What is Strategy ?

Broad set of organizational plans for implementing the
decisions made for achieving organizational goals


Hierarchy of Strategy


Types of Strategy

• Corporate strategy determines the firm’s overall attitude
firm’
toward growth and the way it will manage its businesses or
product lines

• Business (or Competitive) strategy takes place at the
business- product- firm’
business-unit or product-line level and focuses on a firm’s
competitive position

• Functional strategy involves managers in specific areas
who decide how best to achieve corporate goals through
productivity


Levels of Organizational Strategy

Exhibit 8.4


Purposes of Goal Setting

1. Direction and guidance
2. Resources allocation
3. Define corporate culture
4. Assess performance


What is a Mission Statement ?

• Organization’s statement of how it will achieve its purpose
Organization’
in the environment in which it conducts its business

• Why organization exists & How it will operate


BNI
Visi :
• Menjadi Bank Kebanggaan Nasional yang Unggul dalam
Kinerja.
Layanan dan Kinerja.

Misi :
• Memaksimumkan nilai bagi pemegang saham dengan
menyediakan solusi finansial yang focus pada segmen
korporat, konsumer.
korporat, komersial dan konsumer.


Universitas Indonesia

Visi :
quot;Menjadi Universitas Riset yang mandiri, modern, dan berkualitas
mandiri,
internasional.quot;
internasional.quot;

Misi
• Sebagai institusi yang berada di garis depan dalam perkembangan ilmu
pengetahuan, seni.
pengetahuan, teknologi dan seni.
• Menghasilkan lulusan yang berkualitas tinggi yang mampu bersaing pada
pasar global.
• Mendukung perkembangan martabat bangsa Indonesia melalui penciptaan
pengetahuan,
karya di bidang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi dan seni yang bermanfaat
bagi kemajuan bangsa Indonesia.
• Ikut andil dalam meningkatkan peradaban dunia dengan menghasilkan
damai,
lulusan yang berwawasan global, toleran dan cinta damai, serta karya cipta
yang mendukung peningkatan martabat manusia global.


Metro TV
VISION:
• To become a distinct Indonesian television station by ranking number
number
one for its news, offering quality entertainment and lifestyle
programming. Providing unique advertising opportunities and
achieving loyalty with its viewers and advertisers.
MISSION:
• To stimulate and promote the nation's and country's advancement
towards a democratic atmosphere, in order to excel in global
competition, with high appreciation of moral and ethic.
• To add a valuable presence to the television industry by providing a
providing
new perspective, by improving the way information is presented and and
by offering quality entertainment alternatives.
• To achieve a significant level of growth by developing and leveraging
leveraging
its
its assets, to increase the quality of life and the welfare of its
employees, and to produce significant profit for its share holders.
holders.

Kinds of Goals

• Long-term goals are set for an
Long-
extended time, typically 5 years
or more

• Intermediate goals are set for a
period of 1 to 5 years

• Short-term goals are set for the very
Short-
near future, typically less than 1 year


What is Strategy Formulation ?

Creation of a broad program for defining and
organization’
meeting an organization’s goals


Strategy Formulation


Pentingnya Manajemen stratejik

1. Memberikan kinerja organisasi yang lebih tinggi
2. Manajer harus menelaah dan menyesuaikan diri dengan
perubahan-
perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi di lingkungan bisnis.
bisnis.
unit-
3. Menkoordinasikan unit-unit organisasi yang tersebar
dan menjadikan mereka terfokus pada sasaran dari
organisasi
4. Sangat berkaitan dengan proses pembuatan dan
pengambilan keputusan


Setting Strategic Goals

• Strategic goals are long-term goals derived directly from
long-
firm’
a firm’s mission statement
– SWOT analysis is a process involving the assessment of
organizational strengths and weaknesses (the S and W) and
environmental opportunities and threats (the O and T)


Analyzing the Organization and
Its Environment

Environmental analysis is the process of
scanning the business environment for
threats and opportunities

Environmental
Analysis

Organizational analysis is
firm’
the process of analyzing a firm’s
Organizational strengths and weaknesses
Analysis


• The matching process is the heart of strategy formulation.

• The matching process may determine whether a firm
typically takes risks or behaves more conservatively.


A Hierarchy of Plans

• Strategic plans reflect decisions about resource allocations,
company priorities and steps needed to meet strategic goals

• Tactical plans are shorter-range plans for implementing
shorter-
company’
specific aspects of the company’s strategic plans

• Operational plans set short-term targets for daily, weekly or
short-
monthly performance


Contingency Planning and
Crisis Management

• Contingency planning identifies aspects of a business or
its environment that might entail changes in strategy

• Crisis management involves an organization’s methods for
organization’
dealing with emergencies


What is Management?

Process of planning, organizing, directing and
organization’
controlling an organization’s resources to achieve
its goals


The Management Process

• Planning determines what an organization needs to do and
how best to get it done

• Organizing determines how best to arrange an
organization’
organization’s resources and activities into a coherent
structure

• Directing involves guiding and motivating employees to
organization’
meet an organization’s objectives

• Controlling monitors an organization’s performance to make
organization’
sure that the firm is meeting its goals


The Control Process


• Top managers are responsible to the board of directors and
firm’
stockholders for a firm’s overall performance and effectiveness

• Middle managers are responsible for implementing the
strategies, policies and decisions made by top managers

• First-line managers are responsible for supervising the work
First-
of employees


Bagaimana kampret terbang ke awang-
awang

• Karyawan: “Kampret! Siapa pemabok yang membuat
Karyawan: Kampret!
ini? berhasil!
rencana ini? Ini tidak mungkin berhasil!”

• Supervisor: “Mereka mengatakan strategi tersebut ibarat
sejenis binatang yang bisa terbang dan yang
minum-minum.
membuatnya adalah orang yang telah minum-minum.
kemungkinan, kecil,
Ada kemungkinan, walau kecil, rencana ini akan
berhasil”
berhasil”

• Manajer: “Mereka melihat strategi ini bagaikan sesuatu
Manajer:
terbang. minum-
yang bisa terbang. Pembuatnya pasti minum-minum
merayakannya.
untuk merayakannya. Ada kemungkinan rencana ini
terbang”
bisa terbang”

• Kepala departemen: “Mereka melihat strategi ini bakal
departemen:
terbang.
terbang. Strategi tersebut harus dirayakan dengan
minum-minum”
minum-minum”.

• Kepala divisi: “Mereka melihat strategi ini akan membuat
divisi:
awang-awang.
perusahaan kita terbang ke awang-awang. Mereka percaya
berhasil. minum-
strategi ini pasti akan berhasil. Mereka akan minum-
merayakan”
minum untuk merayakan”.


Areas of Management

• Human Resource Managers
• Operations Managers
• Marketing Managers
• Information Managers
• Financial Managers
• Other Managers


Basic Management Skills

• Technical skills are needed to perform specialized tasks
• Human relations skills are required in understanding and
getting along with other people
• Conceptual skills are abilities to think in the abstract,
diagnose and analyze different situations and to see beyond
the present situation
• Decision-making skills include the ability to define problems
Decision-
and select the best course of action
• Time management skills are associated with the productive
use of time


Basic Management Skills

Technical

Programming

Accounting Architect


Human Relations


Employee Satisfaction Depends On:

Other

Challenge & Involvement

Company Performance

Co-Workers Relationships
Compensation & Benefits

Workload
Manager
Relationship
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Source: “Managers Beware: Employee Job Satisfaction Depends On You”, Colorado Springs Business Journal, Nov. 21, 2003.

Conceptual


Decision-making
Decision-

Define Problem

Evaluate/Select
Alternative

Implement & Evaluate


Time management

• Paperwork
• Telephone
• Meetings
• E-mail


• Technical skills are needed to perform specialized tasks
• Human relations skills are required in understanding and
getting along with other people
• Conceptual skills are abilities to think in the abstract,
abstract,
diagnose and analyze different situations and to see beyond
the present situation
• Decision-making skills include the ability to define problems
Decision-
and select the best course of action
• Time management skills are associated with the productive
use of time


Management Skills for the 21st
Century

• Global management skills include the need to understand
foreign markets, cultural differences and the motives and
practices of foreign rivals

• Management and technology skills refer to the ability to
process, organize and interpret a wealth of data and
information


What is Corporate Culture ?

experiences, stories, beliefs,
The shared experiences, stories, beliefs, and
norms that characterize an organization


Communicating the Culture

Managers must :
1. Understand culture.
2. Transmit the culture to others
in the organization.
3. Maintain the culture by rewarding and promoting those
who understand it and work toward maintaining it.


Managing Change

Three-stage process :
Three-

1. Analysis highlights need for change.
2. Top management = formulate vision.
3. Create systems to sustain new vision/values.


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