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Business w03 Competing in a Global Market @1
1. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Week 3
Content :
Competing
The rise of
international business
in A Global Market
International
business management
Barrier to
international trade
Jakarta, September 2007
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
2. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
What is globalization ?
Intro âŚ
Process by which
the world economy is becoming
a single interdependent system
(Griffin, 2004)
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
3. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Which one do you like ?
Intro âŚ
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
4. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Which one you recognize more ?
Intro âŚ
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
5. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Is this your favorite spot ?
Intro âŚ
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
6. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
What are exports and imports ?
Imports are products made or grown abroad but
Intro ⌠sold domestically;
while exports are products made or grown domestically but
shipped and sold abroad
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
7. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
The Contemporary Global Economy
Several forces have combined to spark & sustain
Intro ⌠globalization:
1. Government and businesses are aware of benefits of
globalization to businesses and shareholders.
2. New technologies make international travel,
communication and commerce much faster and
cheaper.
3. Competitive pressure sometimes force a firm to expand
into foreign markets to keep up with competitors.
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
8. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Trade Agreements
General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Content : European Union (EU)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
9. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
The North American Marketplace and The Nations of NAFTA
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
10. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
The Major World Marketplace
Per capita income is the average income per person.
Content : 1. High-income countries: those with per capita income
greater than $ 9,386.
The rise of
international business 2. Middle-income countries: those with per capita income
of less than $ 9,386 but more than $ 765.
3. Low-income countries (developing countries): those
with per capita income of less than $ 765.
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
11. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
The Major World Marketplace
NORTH AMERICA
Worldâs largest marketplace and most
stable economy.
Content : U.S. dominates.
EUROPE
The rise of Western Europe is a mature but
international business fragmented marketplace.
Eastern Europe has gained
importance as a marketplace and a
producer.
PASIFIC ASIA
Nations of the ASEAN are an
important force in the world economy
and a major source of competition for
north American firms.
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
12. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Europe and The Nations of the European Union
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
13. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
The Nations of ASEAN
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
14. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Forms of Competitive Advantage
⢠Absolute advantage is the ability to
Content : produce something more efficiently
than any other country can.
⢠Comparative advantage is the ability to
The rise of
international business produce some product more efficiently
or better than other products.
⢠National competitive advantage is an
international competitive advantage
stemming from a combination of factor
conditions; demand conditions; related
and supporting industries; and firm
strategies, structures and rivalries.
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
15. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Absolute Advantage: Saudi Oil
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
16. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Absolute Advantage: Brazilian Coffee Beans
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
17. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Absolute Advantage: Canadian Timber
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
18. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Absolute Advantage: Mexico Tequila
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
19. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Comparative Advantage: United States Movies
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
20. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Bollywood⌠???
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
21. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Comparative Advantage: United States Computer
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
22. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Comparative Advantage: United States Farming
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
23. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Comparative Advantage: Guatemalan Textile
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
24. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Comparative Advantage: South Korea Electronic
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
25. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
National Competitive Advantage: French Wine
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
26. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
National Competitive Advantage: United States Fast Food
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
27. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
National Competitive Advantage: German High-End Car
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
28. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Attributes of National Competitive Advantage
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
29. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Import - Export Balances
Balance of trade is the economic value of all products a
Content : country imports minus the economic value of all products it
exports.
The rise of
Trade deficit occurs when a countryâs imports exceed its
international business exports (a negative balance of trade), while a trade surplus
occurs when exports exceed imports (a positive balance of
trade)
Balance of payments
is the flow of money into or out of a country.
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
30. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Exchange Rates
Exchange rate is the rate at which the currency of one nation
Content : can be exchanged for that of another.
1. Fixed exchange rates: the value of any countryâs
currency relative to that of another remain constant.
The rise of
international business 2. Floating exchanger rates: the value of one countryâs
currency relative to that of another varies with market
conditions.
3. Euro: a common currency shared among most of the
members of the EU
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
31. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Exchange Rates and Competition
Content : When a countryâs currency rises
becomes stronger companies based
there find it harder to export products to
The rise of foreign markets and easier for foreign
international business companies to enter local markets.
When the value of currency declines
becomes weaker companies based there
find it easier to export to foreign markets
and harder for foreign companies to enter
local markets.
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
32. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Going International
Content :
The rise of
international business
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
33. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Levels of Involvement
1. Exporters : make product in one country to distribute and
sell in others.
Content :
Importers : buy products in foreign markets and import
them for resale at home.
2. International firms : conduct a significant portion of their
business abroad.
International
business management
3. Multinational firms : design, produce and market products
in many nations.
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
34. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
International Organization Structures
⢠Independent agents are foreign individuals or organizations
that represent an exporter in foreign markets.
Content :
⢠Licensing arrangements are arrangements in which firms
choose foreign individuals or organizations to manufacture or
market their products in another country.
⢠Branch offices are foreign offices set up by an international or
International multinational firm
business management
⢠Strategic alliance (also called Joint Venture) is an
arrangement in which a company finds a foreign partner to
contribute approximately half of the resources needed to
establish and operate a new business in the partnerâs country.
⢠Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) involves buying or
establishing tangible assets in another country.
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
35. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Content :
International
business management
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
36. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Content :
International
business management
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
37. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
1. Social and Cultural Differences
Firms planning to conduct business abroad must understand
the social and cultural differences between host country and
Content : home country.
Differences in:
* Language
* Tastes and preferences
* Sense of value
* Shopping habits
Barrier to
international trade
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
38. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
2. Economic Differences
Economic differences can be pronounced.
Content : ⢠A firm must know how much the
government is involved in a given industry
operating within a mixed economy.
⢠The impact of economic differences can be
great in planned economies.
Barrier to
international trade
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
39. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
3. Legal and Political Differences
Government can affect international
business in many ways. They can :
Content :
⢠Set condition for doing business
within their borders and even
prohibit doing business together.
⢠Control the flow of capital and use
tax legislation to discourage or
encourage activity in a given
industry.
Barrier to
international trade ⢠Confiscate the property of foreign-
owned companies.
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
40. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Quotas, Tariffs, and Subsidies
⢠Quotas is a restriction on the number
Content : of products of a certain type than can
be imported into a country.
⢠Tariff is a tax levied on imported
products.
⢠Subsidy is a government payment to
help a domestic business compete
with foreign firms.
Barrier to
international trade
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
41. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
What is protectionism ?
Practice of protecting domestic business against
Content : foreign competition.
Barrier to
international trade
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
42. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
4. Legal and Content Laws
Local content laws require that products sold in a particular
country be at least partly made there.
Content :
Firms seeking to do business in a country must either invest
there directly or take on a domestic partner.
Profits from doing business in a foreign country stay there rather
than flowing to another nation.
Barrier to
international trade
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
43. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
5. Business Practice Laws
Business practice laws are laws or regulations governing
business practices in given countries.
Content :
⢠Cartels are associations of producers that control supply
and prices.
⢠Dumping is the practice of selling a product abroad for
less than the cost of production.
Barrier to
international trade
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id
44. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) Wisma BNI 46, 2nd Floor, Jakarta
Content :
The rise of
international business thank you
International
business management
Barrier to
international trade
Exclusively prepared & presented by: Anna Riana Putriya, SE, MSi e-mail: anna@unimedia.ac.id