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Community Heritage Grant Winners Workshop
Canberra 30 October 2018
Assessing Significance
using Significance 2.0
- an introduction
Significance …
… incorporates all the elements that contribute
to an object’s meaning, including its context,
history, uses and its social and spiritual values.
[Significance, 2001]
… refers to the values and meanings that
items and collections have for people and
communities.
[Significance 2.0, 2009]
What values could be ascribed to your
collection?
Values compilation by Waller
economic | informational | cultural | emotional | etc
Whose significance?
European Australia 1788 - Aboriginal Australia 65,000 -
Do values change?
Yes, with
time
(diachronic),
and with
perspective
(synchronic)
Significance 2.0
Significance 2.0: a guide to assessing
the significance of collections (2009)
‘significance is the sum of all values’
PDF http://arts.gov.au/resources-publications/industry-reports/significance-20
ARCHIVED WEBSITE http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/112443/20101122-
1236/significance.collectionscouncil.com.au/index.html
Other resources
The Significance International webpage, ‘What is
Significance?’ –
http://www.significanceinternational.com/AboutUs/
Whatissignificance.aspx
– provides links to:
•Heritage Collections Council, Significance (2001)
•the summary 10-step process for assessing
significance
•plus Ros Russell & Kylie Winkworth, Significance
2.0 (2009) [archived website & PDF]
The museological method…
… ensures objects are assessed using
consistent / uniform methods of analysis.
Significance (2001) had a bold aim:
‘to eventually have all museums [now
collecting organisations] in Australia use a
common system and language to describe
and assess the significance of the country’s
collections’
Heritage Collections Council, Significance (2001)
What is significance assessment?
‘Significance assessment is the process of
researching and understanding the
meanings and values of items and
collections’
‘The purpose of significance assessment is
to understand and describe how and why
an item is significant’
…using a stepped process and criteria
What can be assessed?
Single items | Collections (or sub-sets) | Cross-collection projects
What is a ‘statement of significance’?
‘a statement of significance is a reasoned, readable
summary of the values, meanings and importance of an
item or collection’
‘it is an argument about how and why an item or
collection is of value’
A ‘statement of significance’ (SOS) arises from the
process of significance assessment.
The SOS is written by a named author, and dated.
It answers questions about the object / collection:
what? how? why? and what can the object / collection
contribute to society or culture?
Preparing a significance assessment with
the Significance 2.0 Summary Card
1. Collate a file
2. Research/Review
3. Consult
4. Explore the context
5. Analyse and describe
6. Compare
7. Identify places
8. Assess significance
9. Write statement
10. Action
The significance assessment process
Significance criteria - primary
historic
artistic or aesthetic
research or scientific
social or spiritual
These criteria are defined in Significance (2001)
- see pages 25, 28, 30 and 32
Significance criteria - comparative
provenance
rarity or representativeness
condition or
completeness
interpretive
capacity
These criteria are defined in Significance (2001)
- see pages 37, 39, 41, 43 and 45
John Marsden’s dress - primary
•associations with a prominent
colonial family
•poignant keepsake of a domestic
tragedy
•example of an everyday child’s dress,
worn in Australia
•early date - just 16 years after
European settlement in Australia
Primary criterion: historic significance
John Marsden’s dress - comparative
provenance:
•chain of ownership to John Marsden’s family by a note
verified by other sources
•from family executors to the Royal Australian Historical
Society
•gifted to the Powerhouse Museum in 1981
condition:
•darned, stained and faded in places; shows wear and
tear of daily life
rarity:
•a very rare example of an everyday child’s dress
John
Marsden’s
dress
Statement of
significance (SOS)
- see Significance 2.0
page 41
Catalogue description ≠ SOS
A helpful materials resource
Chris Caple
Objects: reluctant witnesses
to the past
Routledge, 2006, Oxford
Evidence - Caple
how to investigate archaeological and
historical objects
‘object biographies’
- - -
All information on the object is important
- from the origin of the raw materials to
the final marks placed upon the object
to document its place in a collection
Evidence - Caple
• importance of physical / visual examination
• develop your observational skills
• your magnifying glass is your ally
• responsibility
Evidence - Caple
bias of objects
material survivals
recent past
bespoke objects
use wear
bias of collectors
bias of interpreters
access
existing knowledge and experience
Owning up to bias
•
A transcription of this
display panel, photographed
at the Museum of London in
1998, is on the next slide.
Can you believe what we say?
The Prehistoric London gallery deals with the time ‘before history’.
By definition, there are no written records.
Filling the gap
Archaeology supplies our evidence, although the difficulties of
recording the fragile traces of London’s earliest past are enormous.
Usually it is only possible to salvage shreds of information.
The present in the past
These shreds can be interpreted in many ways, however
objectively they are recorded. As each succeeding generation
projects its own present onto the past, many prehistories are
possible.
Politically present … and correct?
This gallery is a reflection of our present. We have chosen to
humanise the past by focusing on specific sites and the needs of
individual people, and by giving greater prominence to green and
gender issues. How will this standpoint be judged in the future?
What do you think?
Jonathan Cotton and Barbara Wood, Curators, November 1994
Insignificance
• It is perfectly acceptable to find low or no
significance based on currently available
information and write your signed, dated
and evidenced SOS accordingly
• Click here to read an example of
a low significance SOS
Distributed National Collection
See pages 5 – 9 of Significance 2.0
What does a finished
significance assessment
report look like?
Some examples are tabled for viewing
during this session
Step 10 – Actions
Click here to explore a number of projects
that have resulted from significance assessments
Values do change!
Questions?
Margaret Birtley
projects@significanceinternational.com

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Assessing Significance and Significance 2.0: an introduction - Margaret Birtley of Significance International

  • 1. Community Heritage Grant Winners Workshop Canberra 30 October 2018 Assessing Significance using Significance 2.0 - an introduction
  • 2. Significance … … incorporates all the elements that contribute to an object’s meaning, including its context, history, uses and its social and spiritual values. [Significance, 2001] … refers to the values and meanings that items and collections have for people and communities. [Significance 2.0, 2009] What values could be ascribed to your collection?
  • 3. Values compilation by Waller economic | informational | cultural | emotional | etc
  • 4. Whose significance? European Australia 1788 - Aboriginal Australia 65,000 -
  • 5. Do values change? Yes, with time (diachronic), and with perspective (synchronic)
  • 6. Significance 2.0 Significance 2.0: a guide to assessing the significance of collections (2009) ‘significance is the sum of all values’ PDF http://arts.gov.au/resources-publications/industry-reports/significance-20 ARCHIVED WEBSITE http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/112443/20101122- 1236/significance.collectionscouncil.com.au/index.html
  • 7. Other resources The Significance International webpage, ‘What is Significance?’ – http://www.significanceinternational.com/AboutUs/ Whatissignificance.aspx – provides links to: •Heritage Collections Council, Significance (2001) •the summary 10-step process for assessing significance •plus Ros Russell & Kylie Winkworth, Significance 2.0 (2009) [archived website & PDF]
  • 8. The museological method… … ensures objects are assessed using consistent / uniform methods of analysis. Significance (2001) had a bold aim: ‘to eventually have all museums [now collecting organisations] in Australia use a common system and language to describe and assess the significance of the country’s collections’ Heritage Collections Council, Significance (2001)
  • 9. What is significance assessment? ‘Significance assessment is the process of researching and understanding the meanings and values of items and collections’ ‘The purpose of significance assessment is to understand and describe how and why an item is significant’ …using a stepped process and criteria
  • 10. What can be assessed? Single items | Collections (or sub-sets) | Cross-collection projects
  • 11. What is a ‘statement of significance’? ‘a statement of significance is a reasoned, readable summary of the values, meanings and importance of an item or collection’ ‘it is an argument about how and why an item or collection is of value’ A ‘statement of significance’ (SOS) arises from the process of significance assessment. The SOS is written by a named author, and dated. It answers questions about the object / collection: what? how? why? and what can the object / collection contribute to society or culture?
  • 12. Preparing a significance assessment with the Significance 2.0 Summary Card 1. Collate a file 2. Research/Review 3. Consult 4. Explore the context 5. Analyse and describe 6. Compare 7. Identify places 8. Assess significance 9. Write statement 10. Action
  • 14. Significance criteria - primary historic artistic or aesthetic research or scientific social or spiritual These criteria are defined in Significance (2001) - see pages 25, 28, 30 and 32
  • 15. Significance criteria - comparative provenance rarity or representativeness condition or completeness interpretive capacity These criteria are defined in Significance (2001) - see pages 37, 39, 41, 43 and 45
  • 16. John Marsden’s dress - primary •associations with a prominent colonial family •poignant keepsake of a domestic tragedy •example of an everyday child’s dress, worn in Australia •early date - just 16 years after European settlement in Australia Primary criterion: historic significance
  • 17. John Marsden’s dress - comparative provenance: •chain of ownership to John Marsden’s family by a note verified by other sources •from family executors to the Royal Australian Historical Society •gifted to the Powerhouse Museum in 1981 condition: •darned, stained and faded in places; shows wear and tear of daily life rarity: •a very rare example of an everyday child’s dress
  • 20. A helpful materials resource Chris Caple Objects: reluctant witnesses to the past Routledge, 2006, Oxford
  • 21. Evidence - Caple how to investigate archaeological and historical objects ‘object biographies’ - - - All information on the object is important - from the origin of the raw materials to the final marks placed upon the object to document its place in a collection
  • 22. Evidence - Caple • importance of physical / visual examination • develop your observational skills • your magnifying glass is your ally • responsibility
  • 23. Evidence - Caple bias of objects material survivals recent past bespoke objects use wear bias of collectors bias of interpreters access existing knowledge and experience
  • 24. Owning up to bias • A transcription of this display panel, photographed at the Museum of London in 1998, is on the next slide.
  • 25. Can you believe what we say? The Prehistoric London gallery deals with the time ‘before history’. By definition, there are no written records. Filling the gap Archaeology supplies our evidence, although the difficulties of recording the fragile traces of London’s earliest past are enormous. Usually it is only possible to salvage shreds of information. The present in the past These shreds can be interpreted in many ways, however objectively they are recorded. As each succeeding generation projects its own present onto the past, many prehistories are possible. Politically present … and correct? This gallery is a reflection of our present. We have chosen to humanise the past by focusing on specific sites and the needs of individual people, and by giving greater prominence to green and gender issues. How will this standpoint be judged in the future? What do you think? Jonathan Cotton and Barbara Wood, Curators, November 1994
  • 26. Insignificance • It is perfectly acceptable to find low or no significance based on currently available information and write your signed, dated and evidenced SOS accordingly • Click here to read an example of a low significance SOS
  • 27. Distributed National Collection See pages 5 – 9 of Significance 2.0
  • 28. What does a finished significance assessment report look like? Some examples are tabled for viewing during this session
  • 29. Step 10 – Actions Click here to explore a number of projects that have resulted from significance assessments