pengenalan asas mengenai PENGENALAN KEPADA HEMODIALISIS

1. PENGENALAN KEPADA
HEMODIALISIS
PENGENALAN KEPADA
HEMODIALISIS
Disediakan Oleh : Nassruto

2. FUNGSI BUAH PINGGANG
NORMAL

3. Functions of the kidney
• To maintain the balance of water by removing
excess fluid from the body.
• Healthy kidneys filter the blood to remove waste
products such as urea and creatinine.
• To maintain normal body chemistry. A number
of solutes such as potassium, sodium,
phosphorus, calcium, bicarbonate, magnesium
and chloride are important to blood chemistry.

4. • The kidneys also produce three important hormones:
• Erythropoietin: which is produced to control the
production of red blood cells, in the bone
marrow, to prevent anaemia.
• Active vitamin D: which helps the body absorb
calcium from food. Bones need calcium to stay
strong and healthy.
• Renin: which helps regulate blood pressure.

5. APA AKAN BERLAKU APABILA BUAH
PINGGANG BERHENTI BERFUNGSI ?

6. Renal Failure
• Acute
•Suddent onset.
•Urine Output
•Reversible.
• Chronic
•Slow progress.
•Menyebabkan kegagalan sepenuhnya.

7. Penyebab Acute Renal
Failure
• Prerenal
•Kekurangan isipadu darah.
•Kekurangan bekalan darah.
•Kegagalan fungsi jantung.

8. Samb.
• Intra Renal
•Vascular-Acutetubular necrosis
•Glumerulus- Lupus nephritis
•Kecederaan pada tubul.
• Post Renal-Obstruction
•Ureter
•Bladder

9. Cont.
• Ischemic.
• Hypotension shock
• Sepsis
• Nephrotoxin
• Antibiotic
• Radiocontras
• Heavy metal
• Heme protein
• Myoglobin

10. Causes of Chronic Renal
Failure
• Diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Glomerulonephritis
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Scarring from kidney infection in
childhood
• Obstruction

11. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Generally feeling ill. Tiredness and loss of
energy
• Lacking interest in everyday activities,
difficulty in concentrating or relaxing.
• Shortness of breath.
• Altered taste sensation/appetite.

12. Cont.
• Sickness and nausea
• Loss of libido / sex drive
• Itch
• Swelling of the legs

13. cont.
• Oliguria
• Anuria
• Odema
• Eletrolite Imbalances.
• Fluid overload.

14. E.S.R.D

15. Investigation
• Blood test.
• Imaging test.
• Kidney biopsy.
• Urine analysis.

16. INDIKASI DIALISIS
• Uraemic syndrome
• Hyperkalemia
• Acidosis
• Fluid overload

17. SIAPA PERLU DIALISIS ?SIAPA PERLU DIALISIS ?
• Acute dialisis.
Pesakit ARF, CRF.
• Chronic dialisis.
ESRF, Failed transplant, Failed
CAPD.

18. PILIHAN BAGI R.R.T. ?PILIHAN BAGI R.R.T. ?
• HEMODIALISIS
• C.A.P.D
• RENAL
TRANSPLANTION

19. APA ITU HEMODIALISIS ?APA ITU HEMODIALISIS ?

20. HEMODIALISISHEMODIALISIS
• Haemo - Darah.
• Dialysis - Proses di mana kandungan
bahan larut dalam darah ditapis dengan
cara ‘mendedahkannya’ kepada dialysate
melalui semipermeable membrane.

21. PROSES HEMODIALISIS

22. KEPERLUAN BAGI HEMODIALISIS
• WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
• MESIN HEMODIALISIS
• DIALYSATE
• PATIENT
• DIALYZER AND BLOODLINES.

23. WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
• R/O. REVERSED OSMOSIS WATER.
• Water is one of the most essential components of the
dialysis fluid. Therefore, high quality water, both from a
chemical and microbiological point of view, is
essential for a good long term outcome.

24. BAGAIMANA H.D BERFUNGSI ?BAGAIMANA H.D BERFUNGSI ?• Darah dikeluarkan melalui fistula dengan
menggunakan AVF needles.
• Disalurkan ke Dialyzer melalui Bloodlines
dengan bantuan Mesin Hemodialisis.
• Catheter khas digunakan jika ketiadaan
fistula.

25. Diagram HD

26. A.V. Fistula
Needling
I.J. CatheterI.J. Catheter

27. REHAT 4 JAM

28. Dialyzer• Terdapat 2 ruang.
• Ruang Darah.
• Ruang Dialysate.
• Dipisahkan oleh fiber
dialyzer.
• Kotoran dan air akan
keluar dari darah ke
dialysate melalui
‘diffusion’, dan
‘ultrafiltration’.

29. Samb.
• Proses ini berlaku berterusan selama 4 jam.
• Kepekatan kotoran , air, garam-garam
buangan akan berkurangan ke paras yang
kurang bahaya.

30. PENJAGAAN PESAKIT
H.D
PENJAGAAN PESAKIT
H.D
• PENJAGAAN KEBERSIHAN DIRI

31. • Sekian Terima Kasih