The document discusses the socio-economic impacts of migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic from a global and Indian perspective. It notes that India has the most migrant workers globally at around 800 million people. Key impacts discussed include the effect on sectors like food and agriculture, loss of jobs and livelihoods, challenges faced by migrant workers in accessing benefits and housing, and steps taken by the central and state governments to provide transport, housing, and financial assistance. The long-term strategies suggested include developing entrepreneurship and skills training programs.

1. Socio-Economic Impacts
Due to Migrant Workers:
Global Scenario During
COVID-19
Dr.Narendranath Guria
Head Deptt. Of Geography
Chaitanya College
Affilited to
Atal Bihari Vajpayee University, Bilaspur

2. Which state has the most migrant
workers in India?
Think 800 million people
1

3. Sectorial Impact
• 1Restaurants Services
• 2Food and Agriculture

4. Government of India
Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
• 3 MSME:
• Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme and Other Credit Support Schemes
• 1.1.Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme(PMEGP)
• 1.2.Credit Guarantee Trust Fund for Micro & Small Enterprises (CGTMSE)
• 1.3.Interest Subsidy Eligibility Certificate (ISEC)
• Development of Khadi, Village and Coir Industries
• 2.1.Science and Technology Scheme
• 2.2.Market Promotion & Development Scheme (MPDA)
• 2.3.Revamped Scheme Of Fund for Regeneration Of Traditional Industries (SFURTI)
• 2.4.Coir Vikas Yojana (CVY)
• 2.4.1.Coir Industry Technology Upgradation Scheme (CITUS)
• 2.4.2.Science and Technology (S&T) for Coir
• 2.4.3.Skill Upgradation & Mahila Coir Yojana (MCY)
• 2.4.4.Export Market Promotion (EMP)
• 2.4.5.Domestic Market Promotion Scheme (DMP)
• 2.4.6.Trade and Industry Related Functional Support Services (TIRFSS)
• 2.4.7.Welfare Measures (Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY))

5. 3 MSME:
• Technology Upgradation and Quality Certification
• 3.1.Financial Support to MSMEs in ZED Certification Scheme
• 3.2.A Scheme for Promoting Innovation, Rural Industry & Entrepreneurship (ASPIRE)
• 3.3.National Manufacturing Competitiveness Programme (NMCP)
• 3.3.1.Credit Linked Capital Subsidy for Technology Upgradation
• 3.3.3.Marketing Support/Assistance to MSMEs (Bar Code)
• 3.3.4.Lean Manufacturing Competitiveness for MSMEs
• 3.3.5.Design Clinic for Design Expertise to MSMEs
• 3.3.6.Technology and Quality Upgradation Support to MSMEs
• 3.3.7.Entrepreneurial and Managerial Development of SMEs through Incubators
• 3.3.8.Enabling Manufacturing Sector to be Competitive through QMS&QTT
• 3.3.9.Building Awareness on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
• Marketing Promotion Schemes
• 4.1.International Cooperation
• 4.2.Marketing Assistance Scheme
• 4.3.Procurement and Marketing Support Scheme (P&MS)

6. • 5.Entrepreneurship and skill Development Programme
• 5.1.Entrepreneurship Skill Development Programme (ESDP)
• 5.2.Assistance to Training Institutions (ATI)
• 6.Infrastructure Development Programme
• 6.1.Micro & Small Enterprises Cluster Development (MSE-CDP)
• 7.Scheme of Surveys, Studies and Policy Research
• 7.1.Revised guidelines (bilingual) of scheme SS&PR with effect from 15-10-2018. (Download
English) & (Download Hindi)
• 8.National SC-ST-HUB8.1.National SC-ST-HUB (Download English) & (Download Hindi)
• 9.Scheme of Information, Education and Communication

7. • 4 Online Business / Internet Business sector:
• employment sector in the FY19 viz 8%. Its major segments are the
household and personal care products (50 %),
• healthcare segment (31%)
• the food and beverage sector (19%).

8. Types of migration
• By political boundaries –
– i)Internal migration –
• By movement patterns –
– i) Step migration
– Ii) Circular migration –
– Iii) Chain migration
• By decision-making approach
– i) Voluntary migration
– Ii) Involuntary migration
• further sub classified as:
– i) Reluctant/impelled/imposed migration ii) Forced migration

10. Cause of Migration
Factors that determine why a person migrates
1.Economic factor
• Push factors
Unemployment or lack of employment opportunities
Rural poverty*
Unsustainable livelihood
• Pull factors
 Job opportunities
Better income and prospects for wealth creation
Industrial innovation and technical know-how for a
new industry
Pursuit of specialized education

11. Socio political factors
–Push factors
 Political instability
Safety and security concerns (ethnic, religious,
racial or cultural persecution)
Conflicts or threat of a conflict
Slavery or bonded labour
Inadequate or limited urban services and
infrastructure (including healthcare, education,
utilities, transport and water)

12. – Pull factors
 Family reunification
Independence and freedom
Integration and social cohesion
Food security
Affordable and accessible urban services
(including healthcare, education, utilities and
transport)

13. Ecological factors
– Push factors
 Climate change (including extreme weather
events)
Crop failure and scarcity of food
– Pull factors
 Abundance of natural resources and minerals
(e.g. water, oil, uranium)
Favourable climate

14. Socio Economic Impact COVID-19
Economic impact
1. Social impact
2. Political impact
3. Trans nationalism
Impact on urban infrastructure and services
1. Housing
2. Education and employment
3. Transportation
4. Utilities Water
5. Energy
Information and communications technology
1. Sanitation and waste
2. Social cohesion and community integration
3. Safety and security

15. Truths about the migrant workers’ crisis
{According to Hindustan Times}
 business and industry is dependent on
migrant labour
 work seasonally
 minerals, forests, other natural resources has
been extracted by outsiders
 Dalits and Adivasis are overly represented as
seasonal labour migrants;
 seasonal migrant workers

16. • International Migration
• Internal Migration

17. Impact of migration on City
Impact of migration in cities
 Economic impact
 Social impact
 Political impact
 Impact on urban infrastructure and services
 Housing
 Education and employment
 Health
 Transportation
 Utilities
 Sanitation and waste
 Social cohesion and community integration
 Safety and security

18. Education and employment
• Challenges
• Opportunities

29. Migration and Livelihood in India
 Impact of COVID-19 on Migrant Workers
 Migration and Livelihood

30. Semi-Permanent migrant workers

31. • Immigrants and Refugees
• Emigrants and Return Emigrants
• Response of the Central and State Govt.
• Migrant Workers and their health risk
management
• Challenges and Future Strategy
• Long-term strategies are suggested

32. Impact of Lockdown on Migrants in
India (25 march.2020)
• Overview of Migration
• Pattern of Migration

33. Reasons for intra-state migration

34. • Issues faced by migrant Labour
• Lack of portability of Benefits
• Lack of Affordable Housing
• Step Taken by Govt.
Transport, Housing, Financial aid
Directions by Supreme Court

35. COVID-19 and Mortality: India’s Perspective
Migration and Livelihood in India: Challenges
and Strategies
Lockdown in India has impacted 40 million
Internal Migrants
20

36. Education and Employment
Challenges & opportunities

37. • District wise Socio Economic Susceptibility

38. District wise Socio Economic Susceptibility

39. District wise socio-Economic Vulnerability

40. Correlations with Climate, Demographic and
Socioeconomic aspects

41. Subsequent report

43. • Many migrant returnees may leave their
homes for work again

44. 3rd April 2020 Socio economic Impact

45. 136 Million Jobs risk in Post corona
India

46. Demographic disaster

47. How Covid-19 has hit India's job market

51. Economic Package announcements (12-17 may)

52. Overall stimulus provided by Atmanirbhar Bharat
Package( unlock 3)

53. Atmanirbhar Bharat package breakup (only 13th to 17th
announcements visible) (In Rs. Cr.)

57. Migrants Workers who returned home
during Pandemic

58. Vendor of greens, essential supply chains and logistics. Life under lockdown.
Bangalore 2020

61. Map of the projected real GDP growth rate in 2020 of countries in the International Monetary
Fund's World Economic Outlook (April 2020). >10.0% 8.0–9.9% 6.0–7.9% 4.0–6.9% 2.0–
3.9% 0.1–1.9% 0.0% or no information available −0.1–1.9% −2.0–3.9% −4.0–6.9% −6.0–
7.9% −8.0–9.9% <−10.0%
>10.0%
6.0–7.9%
−4.0–6.9%
2.0–3.9%

65. Spatial and Socio-Economic Impacts

67. 20 march 2020

74. • Entrepreneurship and skill development
Programme
Objectives

77. Thank You