2. History Of Programming Languages
Primary function of language
Generations of programming languages
◦ First Generation
◦ Second Generation
◦ Third Generation
◦ Fourth Generation
◦ Fifth Generation
◦ Object-Oriented Of Programming Language
Conclusion
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3. The first programming languages predate the
modern computer. At first, the languages
were codes.
The Jacquard loom, invented in 1801, used
holes in punched cards to represent sewing
loom arm movements in order to generate
decorative patterns automatically.
In the 1940s, the first recognizably modern,
electrically powered computers were created.
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4. Main function as the name suggest is most
important function in every C or C++ program.
It is an entry point or starting point of program
execution. C compiler only recognize “main()”
function for execution nothing else. If your user
defined function call is not included in “main()”
function then it will never be executed during
program execution.
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6. 1st Generation –
Machine language
2nd Generation –
Assembly language
3rd Generation –
Imperative languages
4th Generation –
Object oriented languages
5th Generation –
Logic languages
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7. A first-generation programming language is
a machine-level programming language.
Low level language
1’s and 0’s
Originally, no translator was used
to compile or assemble the first-generation
language.
Complex and long-winded for programming
High level of developer control
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8. A Second-generation programming language is a
Assembly language.
Low level language
Shortened instructions,
O’s and 1’s replace by abbreviations
Second-generation programming language is a
generational way to categorise assembly languages.
The code can be read and written by a programmer. To run
on a computer it must be converted into a machine
readable form, a process called assembly.
The language is specific to a particular processor family
and environment.
Assembler program is needed to translate.
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9. A third-generation programming language is a
Imperative language.
High level language
Must have some form of translation
A third-generation programming language (3GL) is a
refinement of a second-generation programming language.
The "High level language" is a synonym for third-
generation programming language.
First introduced in the late 1950s, Fortran, ALGOL,
and COBOL are early examples of this sort of language.
Most popular general-purpose languages today, such
as C, C++, C#, Java, BASIC and Delphi, are also third-
generation languages.
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10. A fourth-generation programming language is a object
Oriented & Event Driven language.
High level language.
Object oriented language organize coding around objects.
Non-procedural
The term fourth-generation programming language (1970s-
1990) (abbreviated 4GL) is better understood to be a fourth
generation environment
Historically often used for prototyping and evolutionary
development of commercial business software. In the history of
computer science, the 4GL followed the 3GL in an upward trend
toward higher abstraction and statement power[citation needed]. The
4GL was followed by efforts to define and use a 5GL.
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11. A fifth-generation programming language is a logic language.
High level language.
User knowledge bases and expert systems.
Less programmer control.
A fifth-generation programming language (abbreviated 5GL)
is a programming language based on solving problems using
constraints given to the program, rather than using
an algorithm written by a programmer.
Most constraint-based and logic programming languages and some
declarative languages are fifth-generation languages.
Fifth-generation languages are used mainly in artificial
intelligence research.
Prolog, OPS5, and Mercury are examples of fifth-generation
languages.
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13. Focuses less on procedures, more on relationship
between objects.
OOP: Object-oriented programming.
Object contains both the data and the processing
Operations.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming
paradigm that represents concepts as "objects" that
have data fields(attributes that describe the object) and
associated procedures known as methods. Objects,
which are instances of classes, are used to interact with
one another to design applications and computer
programs.
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14. The First generation: Flat (non-nested) blocks of storage
Examples: FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC.
The Second generation: Generalized numbers, strong
typing. Algol 60 was the premier 2G language.
The Third generation: New data types, user-defined data
structures, dynamic memory allocation.
The Fourth generation: Non-Lexical control of data
access Examples are Ada, Modula.
The Fifth generation: objects encapsulate their methods.
Presented by:
Syed Ghazanfar Naqvi
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