SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 23
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
• Apr 24 Ch 7
• Apr 26 Ch 8 Letter due
• May 1
• May 3

Ch 8
Ch 8

Q 10, HW 9

• May 8 Ch 8?
• May 10 Exam 3 (Ch 5, 7, 8) HW 10
• May 15 Review and Wrap-up
Chapter 8:
Energy From Electron Transfer
Consider the Battery
On the opposite end of the scale from the power
plant is the battery
Personal, portable power supply
But what IS a battery?
How does it work?
Why can some be recharged and some can’t?
Are there alternatives to traditional batteries?
Can batteries (or their alternatives) help with the
energy crunch?
Electrochemistry: Some Definitions
A Battery: A system which converts chemical
energy into electrical energy
More correctly, a battery is an electrochemical
cell:
Galvanic Cells convert the energy from
spontaneous chemical reactions into
electricity
Electrolytic Cells use electricity to drive nonspontaneous chemical reactions
Electrochemistry: Some Definitions
All galvanic cells produce electricity from
reactions which involve the transfer of
electrons from one species to another
There are two components to each cell – the
species donating the electrons, and the
species accepting them
We write “half-reactions” to represent these two
components, and to explicitly show the
transfer of electrons
Electrochemistry: Some Definitions
The oxidation half-reaction shows the species
which is donating electrons
The reduction half-reaction show the species
which is receiving electrons
We can also write the net reaction (or overall
reaction) for the cell, the balanced sum of the
two half-reactions
LEO the lion says GER:
Loss of Electrons is Oxidation; Gain of
Electrons is Reduction
Electrochemistry: Some Definitions
In a nickel-cadmium battery, the reactions look
something like this:
Oxidation Cd → Cd2+ + 2 e2 x [Reduction Ni3+ + e- → Ni2+
]
Net
Cd + 2 Ni3+ → Cd2+ +2 Ni2+
Note: The number of electrons given off in the
oxidation half-reaction must equal the
number gained in the reduction half-reaction
Electrons moving from one place to another – this
is electricity
Electrochemistry: Some Definitions
Electrodes are electrical conductors in the cell
where chemical reactions take place
The anode is the electrode where oxidation
takes place
The cathode is the electrode where reduction
takes place
The cathode receives the electrons given off at
the anode and passes them along
The voltage of the whole cell is the electrical energy
that it gives off, measured in volts (V)
The current is the rate at which electrons pass
through the cell, measured in amperes (A)
Fig.08.p360
Batteries: The Nickel-Cadmium Battery
In a nickel-cadmium battery, the reactions actually look
like this:
Oxidation
Cd(s) + 2 OH- (aq) → Cd(OH)2(s) + 2 e-

Reduction
2NiO(OH)(s) + 2 H2O(l) + 2 e- → 2Ni(OH)2(s) + 2 OH- (aq)

Net
Cd(s) + 2NiO(OH)(s) + 2 H2O(l) → Cd(OH)2(s) + 2Ni(OH)2(s)

Note: The number of reactions and the number of
electrons hasn’t changed, but we’re more completely
describing the physical and chemical form of the
electrode components
The cell contains a paste of
NaOH – this provides the
OH- ions needed for the
reaction, while also providing
a medium to pass charge
(electrolyte)
The anode consists of solid
metal which is transformed
into cadmium hydroxide
The cathode consists of Ni3+
ions in a NiO(OH) paste
which are transformed into
nickel hydroxide
It is because the
products of the reaction
are solids that the Ni-Cd
battery can be recharged
The solid hydroxides are
sticky, cling to the
innards of the battery,
and remain in place.
If current is applied, the
reaction can be driven
backwards!
Batteries: The Nickel-Cadmium Battery
In a nickel-cadmium battery, we can recharge the
battery by applying an electrical current from
another source
Cd(s) + 2NiO(OH)(s) + 2 H2O(l)

Cd(OH)2(s) + 2Ni(OH)2(s)

But most batteries we use aren’t rechargeable
Why not?
What are the properties of some other typical
batteries?
Batteries: The Alkaline Battery
Billions upon billions of alkaline batteries are
used each year
They are described by size and shape – AAA to
D
Larger batteries have more “stuff”, and thus can
run longer
But they all have the same voltage, because
they’re all based on the same
electrochemical cell
Batteries: The Alkaline Battery
But they all have the same voltage, because
they’re all based on the same electrochemical
cell
Oxidation
Zn(s) + 2 OH- (aq) → Zn(OH)2(s) + 2 e-

Reduction
2 MnO2(s) + H2O(l) + 2 e- → Mn2O3(s) + 2 OH- (aq)

Net
Zn(s) + 2 MnO2(s) + H2O(l) → Zn(OH)2(s) + Mn2O3(s)
But – the Mn2O3
is not sticky, and
doesn’t remain
attached to the
electrode. This
battery is not
rechargeable
Lithium-iodine batteries are particularly small and lightweight,
but also very long-lived
Often used in pacemakers, where they can last for 10 years
Mercury batteries take advantage of the high density of Hg to
be quite small: used in watches, hearing aids, calculators, etc.
Phased out in the 80s due to the toxicity of Hg
Fig.08.05
Batteries: The Lead-Acid Battery
Net:
Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + H2SO4(aq)

2 PbSO4(s) + 2 H2O(l)

The cathode is made of metallic lead, and the anode
of lead dioxide
The electrolyte is sulfuric acid
This reaction, too, is reversible.
The lead sulfate product clings to the electrodes, so
applied external voltage can reverse the reaction
Exide
Batteries: The Lead-Acid Battery
Lead-acid batteries are referred to as “storage
batteries”, because this charge-discharge cycle is
so reliable
These batteries were used in every automobile until
quite recently
The battery is discharged in order to start the engine
Once the engine is running and burning gasoline, it
turns an alternator which recharges the battery
This process can continue for up to 5 years of normal
driving
After that time, enough of the lead sulfate product has
been shaken off the plates that it can no longer
recharge
Batteries: The Lead-Acid Battery
Lead-acid batteries are also used in environments
where vehicles cannot emit combustion products:
Indoor forklifts, golf carts, handicapped carts in
airports, wheelchairs
However, lead is an environmental concern!
How do we dispose of the millions and millions of
batteries which die each year?
There is a very succesful recycling program in the U.S.
– 97% of spent batteries are recycled
But environmentally healthier options are under
investigation
A leading contender is the magnesium-acid battery

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Electrochemical cell
Electrochemical cellElectrochemical cell
Electrochemical cellRenuDhetarwal
 
Types of Electrochemical Cells
Types of Electrochemical Cells Types of Electrochemical Cells
Types of Electrochemical Cells Engr. Mukesh Kumar
 
8th Lecture on Electrochemistry | Chemistry Part I | 12th Std
8th Lecture on Electrochemistry | Chemistry Part I | 12th Std8th Lecture on Electrochemistry | Chemistry Part I | 12th Std
8th Lecture on Electrochemistry | Chemistry Part I | 12th StdAnsari Usama
 
Electrolysis
ElectrolysisElectrolysis
ElectrolysisKim B
 
Class 12 Chemistry Practical File
Class 12 Chemistry Practical FileClass 12 Chemistry Practical File
Class 12 Chemistry Practical FileUjjwal Patel
 
Chemistry in batteries. sandeep
Chemistry  in   batteries. sandeepChemistry  in   batteries. sandeep
Chemistry in batteries. sandeepDheeraj Sonavane
 
Batteries and Electrochemical Processes
Batteries and Electrochemical ProcessesBatteries and Electrochemical Processes
Batteries and Electrochemical ProcessesEngr Muhammad Imran
 
Notes and Important Points on Electrochemistry - JEE Main 2015
Notes and Important Points on Electrochemistry - JEE Main 2015Notes and Important Points on Electrochemistry - JEE Main 2015
Notes and Important Points on Electrochemistry - JEE Main 2015Ednexa
 
Chapter 19.4 : Electrochemistry
Chapter 19.4 : ElectrochemistryChapter 19.4 : Electrochemistry
Chapter 19.4 : ElectrochemistryChris Foltz
 
Ele ctrode potential, electrochemical series
Ele ctrode potential, electrochemical seriesEle ctrode potential, electrochemical series
Ele ctrode potential, electrochemical seriesrajenderkarnekanti
 
Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.
Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.
Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.Arunesh Gupta
 
ElectroChemistry for IIT JEE
ElectroChemistry for  IIT JEEElectroChemistry for  IIT JEE
ElectroChemistry for IIT JEEShivani Jadhav
 
Topic 7 Concept Electrolysis
Topic 7  Concept ElectrolysisTopic 7  Concept Electrolysis
Topic 7 Concept Electrolysisfalkirkvtc
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Electrochemical cell
Electrochemical cellElectrochemical cell
Electrochemical cell
 
Types of Electrochemical Cells
Types of Electrochemical Cells Types of Electrochemical Cells
Types of Electrochemical Cells
 
8th Lecture on Electrochemistry | Chemistry Part I | 12th Std
8th Lecture on Electrochemistry | Chemistry Part I | 12th Std8th Lecture on Electrochemistry | Chemistry Part I | 12th Std
8th Lecture on Electrochemistry | Chemistry Part I | 12th Std
 
Electrolysis
ElectrolysisElectrolysis
Electrolysis
 
Electrochemical cells
Electrochemical cellsElectrochemical cells
Electrochemical cells
 
Class 12 Chemistry Practical File
Class 12 Chemistry Practical FileClass 12 Chemistry Practical File
Class 12 Chemistry Practical File
 
Electrochemical cells
Electrochemical cellsElectrochemical cells
Electrochemical cells
 
Chemistry in batteries. sandeep
Chemistry  in   batteries. sandeepChemistry  in   batteries. sandeep
Chemistry in batteries. sandeep
 
Batteries and Electrochemical Processes
Batteries and Electrochemical ProcessesBatteries and Electrochemical Processes
Batteries and Electrochemical Processes
 
Voltaic cell
Voltaic cellVoltaic cell
Voltaic cell
 
Notes and Important Points on Electrochemistry - JEE Main 2015
Notes and Important Points on Electrochemistry - JEE Main 2015Notes and Important Points on Electrochemistry - JEE Main 2015
Notes and Important Points on Electrochemistry - JEE Main 2015
 
Chapter 19.4 : Electrochemistry
Chapter 19.4 : ElectrochemistryChapter 19.4 : Electrochemistry
Chapter 19.4 : Electrochemistry
 
Splitting of water
Splitting of waterSplitting of water
Splitting of water
 
Electro chemistry
Electro chemistryElectro chemistry
Electro chemistry
 
Ele ctrode potential, electrochemical series
Ele ctrode potential, electrochemical seriesEle ctrode potential, electrochemical series
Ele ctrode potential, electrochemical series
 
Electrochemical cells
Electrochemical cellsElectrochemical cells
Electrochemical cells
 
Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.
Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.
Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.
 
ElectroChemistry for IIT JEE
ElectroChemistry for  IIT JEEElectroChemistry for  IIT JEE
ElectroChemistry for IIT JEE
 
Topic 7 Concept Electrolysis
Topic 7  Concept ElectrolysisTopic 7  Concept Electrolysis
Topic 7 Concept Electrolysis
 
Ions Quiz
Ions QuizIons Quiz
Ions Quiz
 

Andere mochten auch

Characteristics of 2 Different Commercially Available Implants with or withou...
Characteristics of 2 Different Commercially Available Implants with or withou...Characteristics of 2 Different Commercially Available Implants with or withou...
Characteristics of 2 Different Commercially Available Implants with or withou...Ali Alenezi
 
Acid mine drainage occurrence and its remediation
Acid mine drainage occurrence and its remediationAcid mine drainage occurrence and its remediation
Acid mine drainage occurrence and its remediationAsantel Herman
 
Cmc chapter 20
Cmc chapter 20Cmc chapter 20
Cmc chapter 20Jane Hamze
 
H2 S and SO2 removal and possible valorization
H2 S and SO2 removal and possible valorizationH2 S and SO2 removal and possible valorization
H2 S and SO2 removal and possible valorizationSerge Vigneron
 
Fundamentals of Electrochemistry
Fundamentals of ElectrochemistryFundamentals of Electrochemistry
Fundamentals of ElectrochemistryGamryInstruments
 
lead acid battery
lead acid batterylead acid battery
lead acid battery2461998
 
surface characteristics and electrochemical impedance investigation of spark-...
surface characteristics and electrochemical impedance investigation of spark-...surface characteristics and electrochemical impedance investigation of spark-...
surface characteristics and electrochemical impedance investigation of spark-...mohammad fazel
 
Acid Mine drainage occurrence and its remediation
Acid Mine drainage occurrence and its remediationAcid Mine drainage occurrence and its remediation
Acid Mine drainage occurrence and its remediationAnurag Jha
 
Corrosion session 11 july 14
Corrosion session 11 july 14Corrosion session 11 july 14
Corrosion session 11 july 14Amol Pawar
 
Industrial chemistry lecture on sulfuric acid (ji&rb)
Industrial chemistry   lecture on sulfuric acid (ji&rb)Industrial chemistry   lecture on sulfuric acid (ji&rb)
Industrial chemistry lecture on sulfuric acid (ji&rb)Lisa Pluis
 
Aluminum anodizing: The study of the structure of the alumina layer
Aluminum anodizing: The study of the structure of the alumina layerAluminum anodizing: The study of the structure of the alumina layer
Aluminum anodizing: The study of the structure of the alumina layerSilio Moura
 

Andere mochten auch (20)

Characteristics of 2 Different Commercially Available Implants with or withou...
Characteristics of 2 Different Commercially Available Implants with or withou...Characteristics of 2 Different Commercially Available Implants with or withou...
Characteristics of 2 Different Commercially Available Implants with or withou...
 
Acid mine drainage occurrence and its remediation
Acid mine drainage occurrence and its remediationAcid mine drainage occurrence and its remediation
Acid mine drainage occurrence and its remediation
 
Cmc chapter 20
Cmc chapter 20Cmc chapter 20
Cmc chapter 20
 
H2 S and SO2 removal and possible valorization
H2 S and SO2 removal and possible valorizationH2 S and SO2 removal and possible valorization
H2 S and SO2 removal and possible valorization
 
Forklift Battery Basics
Forklift Battery BasicsForklift Battery Basics
Forklift Battery Basics
 
Fundamentals of Electrochemistry
Fundamentals of ElectrochemistryFundamentals of Electrochemistry
Fundamentals of Electrochemistry
 
lead acid battery
lead acid batterylead acid battery
lead acid battery
 
Electrolytic cells
Electrolytic cellsElectrolytic cells
Electrolytic cells
 
Zwilling
ZwillingZwilling
Zwilling
 
Corrosion
CorrosionCorrosion
Corrosion
 
Corrosion-Dr. Surendran Parambadath
Corrosion-Dr. Surendran ParambadathCorrosion-Dr. Surendran Parambadath
Corrosion-Dr. Surendran Parambadath
 
surface characteristics and electrochemical impedance investigation of spark-...
surface characteristics and electrochemical impedance investigation of spark-...surface characteristics and electrochemical impedance investigation of spark-...
surface characteristics and electrochemical impedance investigation of spark-...
 
Acid Mine drainage occurrence and its remediation
Acid Mine drainage occurrence and its remediationAcid Mine drainage occurrence and its remediation
Acid Mine drainage occurrence and its remediation
 
Corrosion session 11 july 14
Corrosion session 11 july 14Corrosion session 11 july 14
Corrosion session 11 july 14
 
Industrial chemistry lecture on sulfuric acid (ji&rb)
Industrial chemistry   lecture on sulfuric acid (ji&rb)Industrial chemistry   lecture on sulfuric acid (ji&rb)
Industrial chemistry lecture on sulfuric acid (ji&rb)
 
Automotive battery
Automotive batteryAutomotive battery
Automotive battery
 
MQP Poster
MQP PosterMQP Poster
MQP Poster
 
Aluminum anodizing: The study of the structure of the alumina layer
Aluminum anodizing: The study of the structure of the alumina layerAluminum anodizing: The study of the structure of the alumina layer
Aluminum anodizing: The study of the structure of the alumina layer
 
Corrosion.ppt
Corrosion.pptCorrosion.ppt
Corrosion.ppt
 
Corrosion control
Corrosion control Corrosion control
Corrosion control
 

Ähnlich wie Exide

Engg chemistryunit i
Engg chemistryunit iEngg chemistryunit i
Engg chemistryunit iKrishna Gali
 
Lecture 6 BATTERIES 2023.pptx
Lecture 6 BATTERIES 2023.pptxLecture 6 BATTERIES 2023.pptx
Lecture 6 BATTERIES 2023.pptxAdityaVashist12
 
BATTERIES m.pptx
BATTERIES m.pptxBATTERIES m.pptx
BATTERIES m.pptxckthesolo
 
Batteries by ardit & erdoan
Batteries by ardit & erdoanBatteries by ardit & erdoan
Batteries by ardit & erdoanArditMeti
 
Electrochemical energy systems.pptx
Electrochemical energy systems.pptxElectrochemical energy systems.pptx
Electrochemical energy systems.pptxBSantosh4
 
Primary and Secondary Batteries with example.pptx
Primary and Secondary Batteries with example.pptxPrimary and Secondary Batteries with example.pptx
Primary and Secondary Batteries with example.pptxkowshalya21
 
Rechargeable Batteries With Conductive Polymer
Rechargeable Batteries With Conductive PolymerRechargeable Batteries With Conductive Polymer
Rechargeable Batteries With Conductive PolymerDevansh Gupta
 
Lecture 5-6: Hydrogen, Storage & Batteries
Lecture 5-6: Hydrogen, Storage & BatteriesLecture 5-6: Hydrogen, Storage & Batteries
Lecture 5-6: Hydrogen, Storage & Batteriescdtpv
 
MODULE - I : BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
MODULE - I : BATTERY TECHNOLOGYMODULE - I : BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
MODULE - I : BATTERY TECHNOLOGYrashmi m rashmi
 
Battery Technology.pptx
Battery Technology.pptxBattery Technology.pptx
Battery Technology.pptxAprameya2
 
cell and batteries
cell and batteries cell and batteries
cell and batteries imranyunus
 
Electrochemical Stroage Devices_Alkaline Fuel Cell.ppt
Electrochemical Stroage Devices_Alkaline Fuel Cell.pptElectrochemical Stroage Devices_Alkaline Fuel Cell.ppt
Electrochemical Stroage Devices_Alkaline Fuel Cell.pptKrishnaveniKrishnara1
 
General fuel cell
General fuel cellGeneral fuel cell
General fuel cellUsman Shah
 

Ähnlich wie Exide (20)

Engg chemistryunit i
Engg chemistryunit iEngg chemistryunit i
Engg chemistryunit i
 
Lecture 6 BATTERIES 2023.pptx
Lecture 6 BATTERIES 2023.pptxLecture 6 BATTERIES 2023.pptx
Lecture 6 BATTERIES 2023.pptx
 
BATTERIES m.pptx
BATTERIES m.pptxBATTERIES m.pptx
BATTERIES m.pptx
 
Batteries by ardit & erdoan
Batteries by ardit & erdoanBatteries by ardit & erdoan
Batteries by ardit & erdoan
 
Electrochemical energy systems.pptx
Electrochemical energy systems.pptxElectrochemical energy systems.pptx
Electrochemical energy systems.pptx
 
Primary and Secondary Batteries with example.pptx
Primary and Secondary Batteries with example.pptxPrimary and Secondary Batteries with example.pptx
Primary and Secondary Batteries with example.pptx
 
BatteryTechnology.pdf
BatteryTechnology.pdfBatteryTechnology.pdf
BatteryTechnology.pdf
 
Rechargeable Batteries With Conductive Polymer
Rechargeable Batteries With Conductive PolymerRechargeable Batteries With Conductive Polymer
Rechargeable Batteries With Conductive Polymer
 
Lecture 5-6: Hydrogen, Storage & Batteries
Lecture 5-6: Hydrogen, Storage & BatteriesLecture 5-6: Hydrogen, Storage & Batteries
Lecture 5-6: Hydrogen, Storage & Batteries
 
electrochem.ppt
electrochem.pptelectrochem.ppt
electrochem.ppt
 
MODULE - I : BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
MODULE - I : BATTERY TECHNOLOGYMODULE - I : BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
MODULE - I : BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
 
Battery Technology.pptx
Battery Technology.pptxBattery Technology.pptx
Battery Technology.pptx
 
cell and batteries
cell and batteries cell and batteries
cell and batteries
 
The electrochemistry
The electrochemistryThe electrochemistry
The electrochemistry
 
PRESENTATION.pptx
PRESENTATION.pptxPRESENTATION.pptx
PRESENTATION.pptx
 
Electrochemical Stroage Devices_Alkaline Fuel Cell.ppt
Electrochemical Stroage Devices_Alkaline Fuel Cell.pptElectrochemical Stroage Devices_Alkaline Fuel Cell.ppt
Electrochemical Stroage Devices_Alkaline Fuel Cell.ppt
 
General fuel cell
General fuel cellGeneral fuel cell
General fuel cell
 
Ch 23sec1
Ch 23sec1Ch 23sec1
Ch 23sec1
 
Ch 23sec1
Ch 23sec1Ch 23sec1
Ch 23sec1
 
Unit-1.pptx
Unit-1.pptxUnit-1.pptx
Unit-1.pptx
 

Mehr von Mohit Nainwaya

Mehr von Mohit Nainwaya (6)

JUNIOR ENGINEER PAPER...
JUNIOR ENGINEER PAPER...JUNIOR ENGINEER PAPER...
JUNIOR ENGINEER PAPER...
 
LIGHTING IN indian railway PPT
LIGHTING IN indian railway PPT LIGHTING IN indian railway PPT
LIGHTING IN indian railway PPT
 
EXIDE BATTERY PPT
EXIDE BATTERY PPTEXIDE BATTERY PPT
EXIDE BATTERY PPT
 
Ppt ntpc
Ppt ntpcPpt ntpc
Ppt ntpc
 
Instrumentation limited kota
Instrumentation limited kotaInstrumentation limited kota
Instrumentation limited kota
 
Hydro electric
Hydro electricHydro electric
Hydro electric
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

A gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial IntelligenceA gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial IntelligenceApostolos Syropoulos
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptxOptical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptxPurva Nikam
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17Celine George
 
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptxmary850239
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...M56BOOKSTORE PRODUCT/SERVICE
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdfDepartment of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdfMohonDas
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptxSlides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptxCapitolTechU
 
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptxOver the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptxraviapr7
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sashaWork Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sashasashalaycock03
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

A gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial IntelligenceA gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptxOptical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
 
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdfDepartment of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptxSlides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
 
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptxOver the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sashaWork Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
 

Exide

  • 1. • Apr 24 Ch 7 • Apr 26 Ch 8 Letter due • May 1 • May 3 Ch 8 Ch 8 Q 10, HW 9 • May 8 Ch 8? • May 10 Exam 3 (Ch 5, 7, 8) HW 10 • May 15 Review and Wrap-up
  • 2. Chapter 8: Energy From Electron Transfer
  • 3. Consider the Battery On the opposite end of the scale from the power plant is the battery Personal, portable power supply But what IS a battery? How does it work? Why can some be recharged and some can’t? Are there alternatives to traditional batteries? Can batteries (or their alternatives) help with the energy crunch?
  • 4. Electrochemistry: Some Definitions A Battery: A system which converts chemical energy into electrical energy More correctly, a battery is an electrochemical cell: Galvanic Cells convert the energy from spontaneous chemical reactions into electricity Electrolytic Cells use electricity to drive nonspontaneous chemical reactions
  • 5. Electrochemistry: Some Definitions All galvanic cells produce electricity from reactions which involve the transfer of electrons from one species to another There are two components to each cell – the species donating the electrons, and the species accepting them We write “half-reactions” to represent these two components, and to explicitly show the transfer of electrons
  • 6. Electrochemistry: Some Definitions The oxidation half-reaction shows the species which is donating electrons The reduction half-reaction show the species which is receiving electrons We can also write the net reaction (or overall reaction) for the cell, the balanced sum of the two half-reactions LEO the lion says GER: Loss of Electrons is Oxidation; Gain of Electrons is Reduction
  • 7. Electrochemistry: Some Definitions In a nickel-cadmium battery, the reactions look something like this: Oxidation Cd → Cd2+ + 2 e2 x [Reduction Ni3+ + e- → Ni2+ ] Net Cd + 2 Ni3+ → Cd2+ +2 Ni2+ Note: The number of electrons given off in the oxidation half-reaction must equal the number gained in the reduction half-reaction Electrons moving from one place to another – this is electricity
  • 8. Electrochemistry: Some Definitions Electrodes are electrical conductors in the cell where chemical reactions take place The anode is the electrode where oxidation takes place The cathode is the electrode where reduction takes place The cathode receives the electrons given off at the anode and passes them along The voltage of the whole cell is the electrical energy that it gives off, measured in volts (V) The current is the rate at which electrons pass through the cell, measured in amperes (A)
  • 10. Batteries: The Nickel-Cadmium Battery In a nickel-cadmium battery, the reactions actually look like this: Oxidation Cd(s) + 2 OH- (aq) → Cd(OH)2(s) + 2 e- Reduction 2NiO(OH)(s) + 2 H2O(l) + 2 e- → 2Ni(OH)2(s) + 2 OH- (aq) Net Cd(s) + 2NiO(OH)(s) + 2 H2O(l) → Cd(OH)2(s) + 2Ni(OH)2(s) Note: The number of reactions and the number of electrons hasn’t changed, but we’re more completely describing the physical and chemical form of the electrode components
  • 11. The cell contains a paste of NaOH – this provides the OH- ions needed for the reaction, while also providing a medium to pass charge (electrolyte) The anode consists of solid metal which is transformed into cadmium hydroxide The cathode consists of Ni3+ ions in a NiO(OH) paste which are transformed into nickel hydroxide
  • 12. It is because the products of the reaction are solids that the Ni-Cd battery can be recharged The solid hydroxides are sticky, cling to the innards of the battery, and remain in place. If current is applied, the reaction can be driven backwards!
  • 13. Batteries: The Nickel-Cadmium Battery In a nickel-cadmium battery, we can recharge the battery by applying an electrical current from another source Cd(s) + 2NiO(OH)(s) + 2 H2O(l) Cd(OH)2(s) + 2Ni(OH)2(s) But most batteries we use aren’t rechargeable Why not? What are the properties of some other typical batteries?
  • 14. Batteries: The Alkaline Battery Billions upon billions of alkaline batteries are used each year They are described by size and shape – AAA to D Larger batteries have more “stuff”, and thus can run longer But they all have the same voltage, because they’re all based on the same electrochemical cell
  • 15. Batteries: The Alkaline Battery But they all have the same voltage, because they’re all based on the same electrochemical cell Oxidation Zn(s) + 2 OH- (aq) → Zn(OH)2(s) + 2 e- Reduction 2 MnO2(s) + H2O(l) + 2 e- → Mn2O3(s) + 2 OH- (aq) Net Zn(s) + 2 MnO2(s) + H2O(l) → Zn(OH)2(s) + Mn2O3(s)
  • 16. But – the Mn2O3 is not sticky, and doesn’t remain attached to the electrode. This battery is not rechargeable
  • 17. Lithium-iodine batteries are particularly small and lightweight, but also very long-lived Often used in pacemakers, where they can last for 10 years
  • 18. Mercury batteries take advantage of the high density of Hg to be quite small: used in watches, hearing aids, calculators, etc. Phased out in the 80s due to the toxicity of Hg
  • 20. Batteries: The Lead-Acid Battery Net: Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + H2SO4(aq) 2 PbSO4(s) + 2 H2O(l) The cathode is made of metallic lead, and the anode of lead dioxide The electrolyte is sulfuric acid This reaction, too, is reversible. The lead sulfate product clings to the electrodes, so applied external voltage can reverse the reaction
  • 22. Batteries: The Lead-Acid Battery Lead-acid batteries are referred to as “storage batteries”, because this charge-discharge cycle is so reliable These batteries were used in every automobile until quite recently The battery is discharged in order to start the engine Once the engine is running and burning gasoline, it turns an alternator which recharges the battery This process can continue for up to 5 years of normal driving After that time, enough of the lead sulfate product has been shaken off the plates that it can no longer recharge
  • 23. Batteries: The Lead-Acid Battery Lead-acid batteries are also used in environments where vehicles cannot emit combustion products: Indoor forklifts, golf carts, handicapped carts in airports, wheelchairs However, lead is an environmental concern! How do we dispose of the millions and millions of batteries which die each year? There is a very succesful recycling program in the U.S. – 97% of spent batteries are recycled But environmentally healthier options are under investigation A leading contender is the magnesium-acid battery