The document discusses several key events and developments in late medieval Europe including:
1) The Hundred Years' War between England and France from 1337-1453 saw England initially victorious until Joan of Arc helped the French remove the British.
2) The Black Death plague pandemic between 1347-1350 killed approximately one-third of Western Europe's population through bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic plagues.
3) Challenges to the Roman Catholic Church included the Avignon Papacy, the Great Schism, and reformers like John Wycliffe and Jan Hus.
26. Cultural
Achievements
In Early Middle Ages,
culture regressed because
of:
Barbarian invasions
Feudalism
People’s concern for barest
essentials of life
28. Cultural
Achievements
In High Middle Ages, culture
progressed because:
Church provided leadership and
support
Crusades spread knowledge of
Byzantine and Moslem civilization
Towns=centers of culture and
learning
36. Cultural
Achievements
Higher education
Universities founded
Except for religion, relied
chiefly on Aristotle’s writings
Students faced difficulties:
Taught in Latin, not vernacular
Lacked books and libraries
43. Cultural
Achievements
Philosophy & theology
Scholasticism--method of using
pure reason in defense of faith
Scholars
Peter Abelard
Famous medieval teacher
Wrote Sic et Non
Differing views of RCC leaders on
various issues
45. Cultural
Achievements
Philosophy & theology
(cont’d)
Scholars (cont’d)
St. Thomas Aquinas
Wrote Summa Theologica
Denied conflict between reason
and faith
Influenced by Aristotle
47. Cultural
Literature Achievements
Few books written
Epic poems
Beowulf--Anglo-Saxon poem
Song of Roland--French epic
Song of Cid--Spanish story
Lyrical poems
Mostly about love
By wandering musicians