FRSAD Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data model
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Presentation on the modeling approach of the FRSAD (Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data) model; the entities, attributes, and relationships defined. Discussions of the implications of the FRSAD model for interoperability and future R&D considered. Presented for the ALCTS CCS Subject Analysis Committee, ALA 2010 Annual Conference, Washington, D.C. June 28, 2010
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FRSAD Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data model
- 1. FRSAD Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data Marcia Zeng Based on the work of the IFLA FRSAR WG SAC Meeting, ALA, 2010-06-28
- 5. frad. Extension of FRBR Figure 3.3 "Group 3 entities and 'subject' relationships"
- 8. End-Users & Subject Authority Data Creators Subject Authority Data Intermediaries Metadata Creators 3. User tasks and the modeling approaches
- 9. Metadata Creators Title: A beautiful mind : a biography of John Forbes Nash, Jr., winner of the Nobel Prize in economics, 1994 / Author: Sylvia Nasar Publisher: New York, NY : Simon & Schuster, ©1998. Subjects: Nash, John F., -- 1928- Mathematicians -- United States -- Biography. Schizophrenics -- United States -- Biography. Call Number: 510.92 Nas-N Different ways of modeling – [1] -- FRAD, p.44 * represent additions to those identified in FRBR work Author = … Publisher = … Subject = …
- 10. [email_address] [email_address] entry-terms [email_address] [email_address] alternative-notations appellations notes Subject Authority Data Creators Different ways of modeling – [2] Nash, John F., -- 1928- Nash, John F. 1928- (Mathematicians--United States) John Forbes Nash, Jr. Mathematicians United States American Mathematicians 20 th Century Mathematicians Schizophrenics People With Schizophrenia Mentally ill 510.92 QA29.N25 Nobel Laureates In Economics Game Theorists Board Game Designers … … [any]thing Concept URI [email_address] [email_address] entry-terms [email_address] [email_address] alternative-notations labels notes Concept URI [email_address] [email_address] entry-terms [email_address] [email_address] alternative-notations labels notes Concept URI [email_address] [email_address] entry-terms [email_address] [email_address] alternative-notations labels notes work has as subject has as subject [any] thing
- 11. work has as subject Different ways of modeling [any] thing work Author = … Publisher = … Subject = …
- 12. FRSAD’s entities within the FRBR framework Within the FRBR framework, thema includes existing Group 1 and Group 2 entities and, in addition, all others that serve as the subjects of w orks (i.e., Group 3) frad. 4. The model --entities, attributes, relationships
- 13. FRSAD Conceptual Model WORK has as subject THEMA / THEMA is subject of WORK . Thema = “any entity used as a subject of a work ".
- 14. Different ways of modeling (cont.) has appellation SN = … alternative label = … term @ fr = … caption @ zh = … time of validity = … Term /code of [any] thing [any] thing any sign or sequence of signs
- 18. thema –thema relations place as thema nomens nomen –nomen relations Entities have their own attributes and relationships thema types (place-specific)
- 19. http://aims.fao.org/en/pages/382/sub Interoperability efforts may focus on different entities. e.g., making a multilingual thesaurus focusing on nomens vs. mapping/integrating vocabularies based on themas
- 24. Source: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names Online. http://www.getty.edu/research/conducting_research/vocabularies/tgn/ Record reprinted with permission. nomen type=“ID” scheme=“TGN” thema –thema relations nomen language=“French” … nomen audience=“English-P” … nomen status=“historical” time of validity=“1924-1991” .. nomen status=“historical” script=“other” … nomen status=“historical” script=“vernacular” time of validity=“1914-1923” … nomen source =“ .. “ nomen type=“controlled name” script=“vernacular” status=“both current and historical” time of validity=“18 th century-1914, reinstated in 1991” nomen form=“abbreviation” … thema types (place-specific) place as thema nomens
- 25. Thema- to -thema relationships
- 30. 6. Implications for interoperability
Editor's Notes
- a subject authority system ensures consistency in subject representation may also record established semantic relationships among subject concepts and/or their labels. Data in a subject authority system are connected through semantic relationships, which may be expressed in subject authority records or generated according to specific needs in printed or online displays of thesauri, subject headings lists, classification schemes, and other subject authority systems. Such systems have been referred to as "controlled vocabularies", "structured vocabularies," "concept schemes," "encoding schemes", and "knowledge organization systems" interchangeably depending on their function and structure, as well as according to the communities that use them. Given the purpose of this report, the discussions about subject authority data apply to all systems and structures referred to by these terms. The study follows FRBR's approach in that it makes no priori assumption about the physical structure or storage of authority data.
- Over 800 answered questionnaires. Find one or more subjects and/or their appellations, that correspond(s) to the user’s stated criteria, using attributes and relationships; Identify a subject and/or its appellation based on its attributes or relationships (i.e., to distinguish between two or more subjects or appellations with similar characteristics and to confirm that the appropriate subject or appellation has been found); Select a subject and/or its appellation appropriate to the user’s needs (i.e., to choose or reject based on the user's requirements and needs); Explore relationships between subjects and/or their appellations (e.g., to explore relationships in order to understand the structure of a subject domain and its terminology).
- *Attributes marked with an asterisk represent additions to those identified in Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records.
- http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Forbes_Nash
- • Group 1 entities are defined as the products of intellectual or artistic endeavors: work, expression, manifestation, and item • Group 2 entities are actors, those who are responsible for the intellectual or artistic content, the physical production and dissemination, or the custodianship, of Group 1 entities: person, corporate body • Group 3 entities are the subjects of works, intellectual or artistic endeavor Within the FRBR framework, thema includes existing Group 1 and Group 2 entities and, in addition, all others that serve as the subjects of w orks (i.e., Group 3)
- This model also proposes a new relationship: THEMA has appellation NOMEN / NOMEN is appellation of THEMA NOMEN = any sign or sequence of signs (alphanumeric characters, symbols, sound, etc.) that a thema is known by, referred to or addressed as .
- http://www.cas.org/ASSETS/93FD034A0502489FA2474DFC0EE03284/usan.pdf
- Gorden Dunsire email: The distinction between Thema and Nomen is crucial, and it is essential to retain the entity Thema; it is not too high a level of abstraction, it is abstraction itself. The RDF model is careful to make the same distinction: a URI is a machine-processable identifier for the abstraction of a class, instance of a class, or property, and everything else refines the abstraction. In SKOS, the URI of a concept is equivalent to defining a Thema, while the label of a concept is equivalent to a Nomen.
- This is why nomen (in general) has to be an entity, not an attribute of thema. In a particular implementation the relationship between a thema and nomen can be compressed into the nomen becoming an attribute of thema Equivalence of nomen is a very important notion in subject access. Two nomens are equivalent if they are appellations of the same thema . The equivalence relationships in a monolingual controlled vocabulary can be found in five general situations: , the nomen s are synonyms the nomen s are near or quasi-synonyms the nomen s have lexical variants a nomen is regarded as unnecessarily specific and it is represented by another nomen with broader scope a nomen is regarded as unnecessarily specific and it is represented by a combination of two or more terms (known as “compound equivalence”). ISO. (2009). ISO/CD 25964-1. op. cit. NISO. (2005). Z39.19-2005. op.cit.
- In conclusion, the FRSAD model is developed with the goal to assist in an assessment of the potential for international sharing and use of subject authority data both within the library sector and beyond. The FRSAD model and other models developed along with the progress of the Semantic Web during the recent years enable the consideration of the functions of subject authority data and concept schemes at a higher level that is independent of any implementation, system, or specific context, and will allow us to focus on the semantics, structures, and interoperability of subject authority data. Putting the subject authority data in the context of the Semantic Web developments, especially in the perspective of Linked Data, subject authority data that are modeled based on FRSAD and encoded in SKOS and OWL will be able to become part of the Linked Data and contribute to the development of the Semantic Web.