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Dublin Core  in  Practice   Tutorial 4 ,[object Object],[object Object],International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 2008-09-22
Implementation    = the realization of an application   = execution of a plan, idea, model, design, specification, standard …   -- requires putting many pieces together in a way required by a design   -- and may lead to many different results Tangram =  七巧板  =  qī qiǎo bǎn  = "seven boards of skill"
Understanding the  Pieces of the Puzzle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Understanding the  Pieces of the Puzzle (1)
-- from Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1   Standards for  data structures and   semantics  –element sets Standards and Guides for  data   content   – rules and guides Standards for  data values  – value encoding schemes
Value space that should follow  syntax encoding schemes   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Value space that should apply  controlled vocabularies / value encoding schemes   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Value space that should apply  controlled vocabularies / value encoding schemes
Implement standards and follow best practices  to ensure consistency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implementing Content Standards and Guidelines
http://webservices.itcs.umich.edu/mediawiki/oaibp/index.php/ShareableMetadataPublic Implementing Content Standards and Guidelines
Understanding the  Pieces of the Puzzle (2) ,[object Object]
The DCMI defines metadata as … ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Metadata --  Baca, M. ed.  Introduction to Metadata: Pathways to Digital Information . V.3. Anne J. Gilliland: Setting the Stage, Table 2.
Greenberg:  M apping “Types” to “Functions” --  Greenberg, J. “ "Metadata Quality: A Layer Cake of Criteria ”, presentation at  ASIST 2005 Conference
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A wish list of Functions  --  Based on Guy, Powell, and Day.  "Improving the Quality of Metadata in Eprint Archives."  Ariadne  , no. 38.  2004.
An operational system
Will the metadata support  these functions? No FORMAT information
Search by  format ,[object Object],Advanced Search  What is actually  searched. What should be  searched. Advanced Search  What is actually  searched. What should be  searched.
Search by  Education level ,[object Object],Advanced Search  What is actually  searched. What should be  searched. Advanced Search  What is actually  searched. What should be  searched.
[object Object],[object Object],The causes of  missing information (1)
The causes of  missing information (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
For example, for the same source, records quality could be very different --
Record #1 No  date .  No  format, type, grade level, language, rights .
Record #2 No  date .  format  missed images. No  grade level, rights .
Record #3 Recorded  grade level, format, type  + No  date ,  language, rights .
The causes of  missing information (3) ,[object Object]
[object Object],The causes of  missing information (4)
[object Object],[object Object],Original Record Converted Record
Understanding the  Pieces of the Puzzle (3) ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Common  Crosswalking Approaches Contributor Coverage ---------- Location.Current Repository Format ---------- Technique Dublin Core Dublin Core VAR Core (3.0) Relative  crosswalking Absolute crosswalking Contributor Coverage ---------- Location.Current Repository Format ---------- Technique Dublin Core Dublin Core VAR Core (3.0) Relative  crosswalking Absolute crosswalking target source
Pros and Cons  -- Absolute Crosswalking ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],vra:title = dc:title vra:technique = xxx
Pros and Cons  -- Relative Crosswalking ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],vra:title = dc:title vra:technique =  dc:format
missing keywords OPTIONS  mapped to  SUBJECT , missing all  KEYWORDS Incorrect element mapping after … before … missed?!  missed?!
AUTHOR  mapped to  DESCRIPTION 3357 records ! no   CREATOR before … after …
If re-generate records based on the embedded metadata, all can be corrected. Incorrect values after … before …
CLASSIFICATION  mapped to  SUBJECT  and missed all the  KEYWORD s. Inappropriate mapping missed? missed? before … after …
Missed Data Values ,[object Object],dc:rights
Missed Data Values   which may cause  in-accessible IDs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],identifiers From a LOM record:
Common properties in crosswalks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],- Based on St. Pierre and Jr. William. 1998.  Issues in Crosswalking Content Metadata Standards . Bethesda,  MD: NISO Press.
Understanding the  Pieces of the Puzzle (4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sources of Metadata -- some tips ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Description metadata partially captured automatically and  partially entered manually are recorded for an Adobe Acrobat PDF file
Metadata statements showing an integrated record
Create Shareable Metadata ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reuse Metadata  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Understanding the  Pieces of the Puzzle (5) ,[object Object]
Quality Measurement Aspects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Can any quality measurement  be done automatically? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How Can We Ensure a Better Quality? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Understanding the  Pieces of the Puzzle (6) ,[object Object]
Metadata Decisions    ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A survey on Metadata Decisions for Digital Libraries  – 426 responses from all over the world, Zeng, Lee, Hayes
 
1. Analyze for functional requirements  2. Decide a responsi-bility model Metadata Workflows 3. Select metadata standards / Design application profiles and sharing Standards for data structures Develop metadata application profiles e.g., DC-LIB; NLM-MS Standards for  data content Individual institution Collaboration e.g., Dublin Core, MODS,  CDWA, EAD, VRA Core, … e.g., AACR2, CCO, DACS … Standards for data values e.g., controlled term lists,  classification schemes,  thesauri, subject headings,  name authority files … Standards for data exchange e.g., MARC21, UNIMARC,  ISO 2709 format, XML, … 1) Select a “base”   metadata   namespace;  select elements from the base schema 2)  Select additional elements from othe r  metadata name - spaces if needed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4) If needed, define more local elements in  a declarative document 5) Encode all elements in machine- processable schemas 4. Create metadata records/Control quality Data  creation Data harvesting Data  integration Data  conversion 5. Use in DLs Normalize, Aggregate, Ingest Control & improve quality Metadata storage: Databases, Repositories Type of  resources to  include in DL e.g., text, images, Web resources User interface; search, browsing  functions User needs; Elements for search and browse;  Links between records;  Filtering fields Influence by external services Limitations or additional  conditions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Maintain Transfer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Implement  best practices;  semi-auto when generating data Use OAI   Protocol for  Metadata  Harvesting Use mapping tables/ crosswalks Support  search, browse, results display,  & delivery Distribute, Expose Share &  exchange Reuse & repurpose Maximize  the usage accessibility Created by M Zeng, J Lee, and A Hayes. ©IFLA GDL-WG, 2008 --  IFLA Guidelines for Digital Libraries , draft. Chapter 4. Metadata
Recommendations  for quality metadata ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],--  IFLA Guidelines for Digital Libraries , draft. Chapter 4. Metadata
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Understanding the  Pieces of the Puzzle (7)

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Dublin Core In Practice

  • 1.
  • 2. Implementation = the realization of an application = execution of a plan, idea, model, design, specification, standard … -- requires putting many pieces together in a way required by a design -- and may lead to many different results Tangram = 七巧板 = qī qiǎo bǎn = "seven boards of skill"
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. -- from Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1 Standards for data structures and semantics –element sets Standards and Guides for data content – rules and guides Standards for data values – value encoding schemes
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Types of Metadata -- Baca, M. ed. Introduction to Metadata: Pathways to Digital Information . V.3. Anne J. Gilliland: Setting the Stage, Table 2.
  • 15. Greenberg: M apping “Types” to “Functions” -- Greenberg, J. “ "Metadata Quality: A Layer Cake of Criteria ”, presentation at ASIST 2005 Conference
  • 16.
  • 18. Will the metadata support these functions? No FORMAT information
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. For example, for the same source, records quality could be very different --
  • 24. Record #1 No date . No format, type, grade level, language, rights .
  • 25. Record #2 No date . format missed images. No grade level, rights .
  • 26. Record #3 Recorded grade level, format, type + No date , language, rights .
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32. Common Crosswalking Approaches Contributor Coverage ---------- Location.Current Repository Format ---------- Technique Dublin Core Dublin Core VAR Core (3.0) Relative crosswalking Absolute crosswalking Contributor Coverage ---------- Location.Current Repository Format ---------- Technique Dublin Core Dublin Core VAR Core (3.0) Relative crosswalking Absolute crosswalking target source
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. missing keywords OPTIONS mapped to SUBJECT , missing all KEYWORDS Incorrect element mapping after … before … missed?! missed?!
  • 36. AUTHOR mapped to DESCRIPTION 3357 records ! no CREATOR before … after …
  • 37. If re-generate records based on the embedded metadata, all can be corrected. Incorrect values after … before …
  • 38. CLASSIFICATION mapped to SUBJECT and missed all the KEYWORD s. Inappropriate mapping missed? missed? before … after …
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45. Description metadata partially captured automatically and partially entered manually are recorded for an Adobe Acrobat PDF file
  • 46. Metadata statements showing an integrated record
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.  
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58.

Editor's Notes

  1. Metadata is an essential component required for success in description, administration, preservation, access and service of digital content s . I t is , however, easy to misunderstand that metadata is simply a technical issue. This session will draw on case studies to explore practical issues in the use of Dublin Core. These considerations include quality, consistency, cost and other factors.