Lean Security Principles for Agile Teams

#LEAN
SECURIT
Y@WICKETT // @ERNESTMUELLER // RSA 2016

@WICKETT // @ERNESTMUELLER // #LEANSECURITY
ERNEST MUELLER
JAMES WICKETT
@wickett
@ernestmueller
THEAGILEADMIN.COM

THE PRESENTATION
THAT JUST MIGHT
CHANGE YOUR LIFE…

COMPANIES ARE SPENDING A GREAT
DEAL ON SECURITY, BUT WE READ
OF MASSIVE COMPUTER-RELATED
ATTACKS. CLEARLY SOMETHING IS
WRONG.
THE ROOT OF THE PROBLEM IS
TWOFOLD: WE’RE PROTECTING (AND
SPENDING MONEY ON PROTECTING)
THE WRONG THINGS, AND WE’RE
HURTING PRODUCTIVITY IN THE
PROCESS.
Thinking Security, Steven M. Bellovin 2015

AGILE

WHAT IS AGILE?
• INDIVIDUALS AND INTERACTIONS
OVER PROCESSES AND TOOLS
• WORKING SOFTWARE
OVER COMPREHENSIVE DOCUMENTATION
• CUSTOMER COLLABORATION
OVER CONTRACT NEGOTIATION
• RESPONDING TO CHANGE
OVER FOLLOWING A PLAN
SOURCE: THE AGILE MANIFESTO
(HTTP://WWW.AGILEMANIFESTO.ORG/)

WHY AGILE?
• 45% OF ORGANIZATIONS ARE USING AGILE ON A MAJORITY OF
THEIR TEAMS
ONLY 5% ARE NOT USING IT AT ALL
• AGILE RESULTS:
• ACCELERATE PRODUCT DELIVERY - 59%
• ENHANCE ABILITY TO MANAGE CHANGING PRIORITIES - 56%
• INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY - 53%
• ENHANCE SOFTWARE QUALITY - 46%
• ENHANCE DELIVERY PREDICTABILITY - 44%
SOURCE: VERSIONONE NINTH ANNUAL STATE OF AGILE SURVEY
(HTTPS://WWW.VERSIONONE.COM/PDF/STATE-OF-AGILE-DEVELOPMENT-SURVEY-NINTH.PDF)

WHAT IS DEVOPS?
DEVOPS IS THE PRACTICE OF OPERATIONS AND
DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS PARTICIPATING
TOGETHER IN THE ENTIRE SERVICE LIFECYCLE,
FROM DESIGN THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS TO PRODUCTION SUPPORT.
DEVOPS IS ALSO CHARACTERIZED BY
OPERATIONS STAFF MAKING USE MANY OF THE
SAME TECHNIQUES AS DEVELOPERS FOR THEIR
SYSTEMS WORK.
SOURCE: THE AGILE ADMIN: WHAT IS DEVOPS?
HTTP://THEAGILEADMIN.COM/WHAT-IS-DEVOPS/

WHY DEVOPS?• BY 2016 “DEVOPS WILL EVOLVE FROM A NICHE TO A MAINSTREAM
STRATEGY EMPLOYED BY 25% OF GLOBAL 2000 ORGANIZATIONS” -
GARTNER, MARCH 2015
• BENEFITS OF DEVOPS:
• NEW SOFTWARE/SERVICES THAT WOULD OTHERWISE NOT BE
POSSIBLE - 21%
• A REDUCTION IN TIME SPENT FIXING AND MAINTAINING APPLICATIONS
- 21%
• INCREASED COLLABORATION BETWEEN DEPARTMENTS - 21%
• AN INCREASE IN REVENUE - 19%
• IMPROVED QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF OUR DEPLOYED
APPLICATIONS - 19%
SOURCE: CA RESEARCH REPORT—DEVOPS: THE WORST-KEPT SECRET TO WINNING IN THE
APPLICATION ECONOMY (HTTP://REWRITE.CA.COM/US/ARTICLES/DEVOPS/RESEARCH-REPORT--
DEVOPS-THE-WORST-KEPT-SECRET-TO-WINNING-IN-THE-APPLICATION-ECONOMY.HTML)

HIGH-PERFORMING IT
ORGANIZATIONS
EXPERIENCE 60X FEWER
FAILURES AND RECOVER
FROM FAILURE 168X FASTER
THAN THEIR LOWER-
PERFORMING PEERS. THEY
ALSO DEPLOY 30X MORE
FREQUENTLY WITH 200X
SHORTER LEAD TIMES.

LEAN

LEAN SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENT
SEVEN PRINCIPLES:
• ELIMINATE
WASTE
• AMPLIFY
LEARNING
• DECIDE AS LATE
AS POSSIBLE
• DELIVER AS FAST
AS POSSIBLE
• EMPOWER THE
TEAM
• BUILD INTEGRITY
IN
• SEE THE WHOLE
AN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT: AN AGILE TOOLKIT (2003), MARY AND TOM POPPENDIECK

LEAN PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT
• BUILD-MEASURE-LEARN
• BUILD – MINIMUM VIABLE PRODUCT
• MEASURE – THE OUTCOME AND INTERNAL
METRICS
• LEARN – ABOUT YOUR PROBLEM AND YOUR
SOLUTION
• REPEAT – GO DEEPER WHERE IT’S NEEDED
SOURCE: LEAN STARTUP (2011), ERIC RIES

WHY LEAN?
• BOTH DEVOPS AND AGILE BORROW KEY
CONCEPTS FROM LEAN MANUFACTURING, SO
IT'S ALL ABOUT COMMUNICATION AND
OPENNESS." -INFORMATIONWEEK

WHAT ARE THE
CHALLENGES THAT
AGILE / DEVOPS /
LEAN POSE TO
INFOSEC?

INSTEAD, EXAMINE HOW
ADOPTING THESE
STRATEGIES CAN HELP YOU
WIN

LEAN SECURITY IS
FOR WINNERS

THE SIX-FOLD PATH OF
LEAN SECURITY
(AND HOW TO WIN)

#1
SECURITY IS JUST
BEANCOUNTING

WE TRADED ENGINEERING
FOR ACTUARIAL DUTIES

“[RISK ASSESSMENT]
INTRODUCES A DANGEROUS
FALLACY: THAT STRUCTURED
INADEQUACY IS ALMOST AS
GOOD AS ADEQUACY AND
THAT UNDERFUNDED
SECURITY EFFORTS PLUS
RISK MANAGEMENT ARE
ABOUT AS GOOD AS
PROPERLY FUNDED SECURITY
WORK”

A SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROVIDES OPTIMAL
VALUE TO THE ORGANIZATION IF IT:
• ACTIVELY SUPPORTS ACHIEVING THE BUSINESS AND
COMPLIANCE OBJECTIVES OF THE ORGANIZATION
(THE VARIABLE PART)
• IS AN EFFICIENT, AGILE AND INTEGRATED PROCESS,
CAPABLE OF DEALING WITH A DYNAMIC THREAT
ENVIRONMENT
• CONSUMES MINIMAL TIME AND RESOURCES
• RESULTS IN ADEQUATELY MANAGED SECURITY RISK,
IN LINE WITH THE RISK APPETITE OF THE
ORGANIZATION
• PROVIDES ONLY THE NECESSARY, YET ADEQUATE,
USER FRIENDLY, EFFICIENT AND MEASURABLE
SECURITY CONTROLS
SOURCE: JOHAN BAKKER, LEAN SECURITY MANAGEMENT WHITE PAPER

UNDERSTAND THE
VALUE YOUR
ORGANIZATION WANTS
FROM YOU

#2
SECURITY IS A
BOTTLENECK

THE AVERAGE TIME TO
DELIVER CORPORATE IT
PROJECTS HAS INCREASED
FROM ~8.5 MONTHS TO OVER
10 MONTHS IN THE LAST 5
YEARS
Revving up your Corporate RPMs, Fortune Magazine, Feb 1, 2016

WHY ARE COMPANIES SO SLOW?
THE GROWTH OF CONTROL AND
RISK MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
WHICH IS TOO OFTEN POORLY
COORDINATED… [RESULTING IN] A
PROLIFERATION OF NEW TASKS IN
THE AREAS OF COMPLIANCE,
PRIVACY AND DATA PROTECTION.
Revving up your Corporate RPMs, Fortune Magazine, Feb 1, 2016

THE THREE WASTES
• MUDA - WORK WHICH ABSORBS RESOURCE
BUT ADDS NO VALUE
• MURI - UNREASONABLE WORK THAT IS
IMPOSED ON WORKERS AND MACHINES
• MURA - WORK COMING IN DRIBS AND
DRABS WITH SUDDEN PERIODS OF RUSH
RATHER THAN A CONSTANT OR REGULAR
FLOW, UNEVENNESS.

SECURITY WASTE
MUDA COMES IN SEVEN FORMS:
• EXCESS INVENTORY - DUMPING YOUR THOUSAND
PAGE PDF OF VULNERABILITIES ON A BUSY TEAM.
PRIORITIZE AND LIMIT WORK IN PROGRESS (WIP)
• OVERPRODUCTION - SECURITY CONTROLS STEMMING
FROM FUD OR MISALIGNMENT WITH BUSINESS NEEDS
(NOT DEMANDED BY ACTUAL CUSTOMERS) - CF.
PHOENIX PROJECT
• EXTRA PROCESSING - FOR EXAMPLE, RELYING ON
COMPLIANCE TESTING RATHER THAN DESIGNING THE
PROCESS TO ELIMINATE PROBLEMS - HELP IT GET
BUILT RIGHT FIRST

SECURITY WASTE
• HANDOFFS - LEVERAGE THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE TEAMS
DOING THE WORK AND COLLABORATE WITH THEM TO
BUILD SECURITY IN, INSTEAD OF THAT BEING SOME
OTHER TEAM’S JOB
• WAITING - LAG BETWEEN VALUE STEPS WAITING FOR
APPROVALS OR ANALYSES OR TICKET HANDLING - USE
SELF SERVICE AUTOMATION INSTEAD
• TASK SWITCHING - THE THOUSAND PAGE PDF AGAIN -
WORK WITH THEIR WORK INTAKE PROCESS NOT AGAINST
IT
• DEFECTS - FALSE POSITIVES AND FALSE NEGATIVES AND
JUST PLAIN UNIMPORTANT FINDINGS YOU REPORT
CAUSING ZERO-VALUE REWORK

UNDERSTAND THE
WASTE THAT YOU
GENERATE

#3
SECURITY IS
INVISIBLE

SECURITY
PROFESSIONALS ARE
QUICK TO SAY
SECURITY IS
EVERYONE’S JOB

SECURITY COULD
LEARN FROM WEB
PERFORMANCE
CIRCA 2008

PERFORMANCE
• BROWSER EXTENSIONS FOR DEVS TO
UNDERSTAND PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS
• RESEARCH SHOWING PERFORMANCE TO
REVENUE CORRELATION
• SEARCHABLE LOGS EMITTING STATSD METRICS
• CONFERENCES COMBINING FRONT END DEVS AND
SYS ADMINS
• COMMITMENT TO INSTRUMENT AND GRAPH ALL
THE THINGS

SECURITY
• BROWSER EXTENSIONS FOR DEVS TO
UNDERSTAND SECURITY PROBLEMS
• RESEARCH SHOWING SECURITY TO REVENUE
CORRELATION
• SEARCHABLE LOGS EMITTING STATSD METRICS
• CONFERENCES COMBINING DEVS OPS AND
SECURITY
• COMMITMENT TO INSTRUMENT AND GRAPH ALL
THE THINGS

SEE THE WHOLE
• KEEP MEANINGFUL METRICS, MAKE THOSE
METRICS VISIBLE - IN CONTEXT OF
WORKERS’ TOOLCHAIN
• “LEAST PRIVILEGE” NEEDS TO BE
UNLEARNED SOMEWHAT IN MODERN
ORGANIZATIONS TO ALLOW EFFECTIVE
INFORMATION SHARING
• GET IN BUSINESS OF SHARING AND ADDING
VISIBILITY TO DEV AND TO OPS.

VISUALIZE
SECURITY SO
EVERYONE CAN
SEE

#4
SECURITY IS ALWAYS
TOO LATE

BUILD INTEGRITY IN
• “CEASE DEPENDENCE ON MASS
INSPECTION TO ACHIEVE QUALITY.
IMPROVE THE PROCESS AND BUILD
QUALITY INTO THE PRODUCT IN THE FIRST
PLACE." — W. EDWARDS DEMING
• INTEGRATE INTO CONTINUOUS
INTEGRATION AND USE TEST DRIVEN
DEVELOPMENT (TDD) TO RECTIFY ISSUES
AT THE LOWEST WASTE POINT

SOURCE: THE THREE WAYS
OF DEVOPS, GENE KIM

NEEDED A WAY TO
BE MEAN TO YOUR CODE
EARLIER IN THE
DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
ENTER GAUNTLT…

@slow @final
Feature: Look for cross site scripting (xss) using arachni
against a URL
Scenario: Using arachni, look for cross site scripting and
verify no issues are found
Given "arachni" is installed
And the following profile:
| name | value |
| url | http://localhost:8008 |
When I launch an "arachni" attack with:
"""
arachni —check=xss* <url>
"""
Then the output should contain "0 issues were detected."
Given
When
Then
What?
AN ATTACK LANGUAGE FOR DEVOPS

theagileadmin.com/2015/06/09/pragmatic-security-and-rugged-de

GENERATE SECURITY
FEEDBACK IN EACH
STEP IN THE VALUE
STREAM

#5
SECURITY IS ALWAYS IN
THE WAY

ARE YOU “THAT
GUY?”
• YOU ALREADY KNOW YOU CAN’T
MAKE THINGS SECURE BY
YOURSELF
• YOU NEED EVERYONE ELSE TO
PITCH IN - BUT DOES IT SEEM
LIKE THE THINGS YOU DO JUST
ANGER THEM?

EMPOWER THE TEAM
• UNDERSTAND HUMAN
MOTIVATION
• NETFLIX AUTOMATION
CREATED SAFE PATHS
AS THE DEFAULT
• REMOVES EMOTIONAL
CHARGE

SELF SERVICE
AUTOMATION

#6
SECURITY IS PERFECTIONIST
AND IS THEREFORE
UNREALISTIC

SECURITY IS YOUR
PRODUCT

BUILD-MEASURE-
LEARN
• DELIVER MINIMAL VIABLE SECURITY ACROSS
EVERYTHING
• FOCUS ON DETECTION/METRIC GATHERING
• ITERATE FROM THERE
• REMEMBER THE WEAKEST LINK WINS
• OVERLAP SMALLER SOLUTIONS - SEE JOSH
MORE’S OWASP 2012 “LEAN SECURITY 101”
PRESENTATION

MANAGE YOUR
PRODUCT

WE’VE BEEN THERE

Lean Security Principles for Agile Teams

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