Culture

PresentedTo:
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PresentedBy:
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Culture:
Culture is that complex whole
which includes knowledge,
beliefs, art, law, custom, and
any other capabilities and
habits acquired by man as a
member of the society.
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Another Definition:
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Culture is social heredity,
which is transmitted from
one generation to another
with the accumulation of
individual experiences.

Types of Culture
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MaterialCulture:
From material culture we
understand material and physical
objects. For instance, house, road,
vehicles, pen, table, radio set,
book etc. these are the products
of human efforts to control his
environment and make his life
conformable and safe.
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Non-materialCulture:
In non-material culture we include
non material objects. For example
religion, art, ideas, customs, values
system, attitudes, knowledge etc. it
does not have physical shape. It is
very important in determining human
behavior and has strong hold on an
individual. Both parts are inter-related
with each other.
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Real Culture:
Real culture is that which can be
observed in our social life. The
culture on which we act upon in our
daily life is real culture. It is that
parts of culture, which the people
adopt in their social life, for
example. If a person/ says that
he/she is Muslim, will be, when
followed all the principles of Islam is
the real and when doesn’t follow, is
not a real one.
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Ideal Culture:
The culture which is presented as a
pattern to the people is called ideal
culture. It is the goal of society and
never achieved fully because some
parts remain out of practice. This
culture is explained in books,
speeches etc.
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Characteristic of Culture
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1. Culture is learnt:
Culture is not intertied biologically butt learnt socially by man .itis not an inborn
tendancy.There is no culture instinct as such .culture is often called 'learned way of behavior'
.unlearned behavior such as close eyes whiling sleeping, the eye blinking relax and so on are
purely physiology and not culture. Shaking hands or saying 'salam’ or 'thanks’ and shaving.
Culture dose not exist in isolation .Neither is it an individual
phenomenon .it is a product of society .It originates and
develop through social interaction .it is shared by the
member of the society .No man can acquire culture
without association with other human beings .
3. Culture is shared:
Culture is sociological sense ,is something shares. It is not
something that an individual alone can possess .Fore example
customer, traditions, beliefs, Ideas, value Morales etc. are all
shared by people of a group society.
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2. Cultures social:

4. Culture isTransmissive:
Culture is capable being transmitted from one generation to the next parents pass on culture
traits to their children's and they in turn to their children and so on culture is transmitted not
through genes but means of language .Language is the main vehicle of culture Language in its-
different forms like reading, writing, and speaking make it possible for present generation to
understand the achievement of earlier generation.
5. Culture is Continuous and Cumulative:
culture exist as a continuous process .In its historical
growth attend to become cumulative .Culture is' growing
whole 'which include itself the achievements of the past
and present band makes provision for the future
achievements of mankind .culture may thus reconceived as
a kind of stream flowing down through the centuries from
one generation to an other
6. Culture is consistent and
integrated:Culture in its development has revealed a tendency to be
consist At the same time different parts of the culture are
interconnected .for example the value system of a society
closely connected with its other aspects such as morality
,region customer ,tradition ,beliefs ,and so on change in
rest of the parts of nation
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7. Culture is Dynamic and Adaptive :
Through culture is relatively stable it is not altogether static .it is subject to show butt constant
changes. Changes and growth are latent in culture .Culture is responsive to the changing
conditions of the physical world Itis Adaptive .it is also intervenes in the culture environment
and help men's in his process of adjustment
8. Culture is Gratifying:
Culture provides proper opportunities and prescribes
means for the satisfaction of our need and desires .these
needs may b biological or social in nature .Our need of
food, shelter and clothing on the one hand and our desire
for status ,name ,fame, money meet etc. Are all fulfilled
according to the nature.
9. Culture Various from society to Society:
Every society has a culture of its own .it differ from society
to society .Culture of every society is unique. Culture is not
uniform Culture element such as customs ,tradition ,morals
ideals ,value, ideologies beliefs, practices philosophies
entertainment are not uniform everywhere .Way of eating
,speaking ,greeting dressing living of different societies
differ significantly .Culture varies from time to time also No
culture ever remain constant or changeless.
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10. Culture is Super organic and Ideational :
Culture is sometime called 'the Super organic'. By 'superoranic’ Securement that culture is
neither organic nor inorganic in nation nature but above these two .the term implies the social
meaning of physical object and physiological etc. the social meaning may be independent of
physiological and physical properties and characteristics .For example the social meaning
national flag is not just a piece of colored cloth the flag represent a nation .similarly ,priests and
prisoners and professionals players and doctor and other are not just biological beings .they
are viewing their society differently .their social status and role can be understand only through
culture
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Elements
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Organization of Culture
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• Cultural Pattern:
It is way of behavior of the people. A large number of
people following certain behavior make it a custom. This
custom when growing popular among the people becomes
a precedent and a rule of social life. This rule of social life is
pattern of culture.
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• CulturalTrait:
Trait is the smallest unit of a culture. It exists and functions
with the organization of other related traits. The parts of the
watch are traits and all the parts when organized together
function as a whole in the watch.
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• Cultural Complex:
A complex is intermediate between the trait and the institution.
A cluster of related traits is called 'culture complex'. A number of
traits when organized together make a culture complex. A
watch, football match, attitudes and actions, prayer, Hajj, eid,
agriculture system, market system a political party, a
constitution, an industrial unit, an examination system are the
examples of culture complex.
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• Cultural Area:
It is that geographical area in which a cultural trait is
originated. The place where that trait is born is called the
place of origin. This trait spreads around through diffusion
and covers an area. This area is called cultural area. Similarly,
Punjab is the cultural area of Punjabi and Sindh is the area of
Sindhi culture. The people of Baluchistan have their distinctive
cultural trait hence can be called a cultural area.
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Other Related Concepts
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 Cultural Universals:
The ideas, habits and conditioned emotional responses
which are common to all members of the society," are called
universals of culture. For example, Urdu language is the
universal of Pakistani culture. Ideology of Pakistan, national
defense and progress are among the universals of our
society.
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 Cultural Specialties:
Elements of culture which are shared by the members of certain
socially recognized categories of people (according to age-sex and
division of labor) but are not shared by the total population," are
called specialties of culture. For example, the Pakistan national flag
is allowed to be hosted on the cars of the President of Pakistan, the
speaker of the National Assembly etc.
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 Cultural Alternatives:
Those activities in which the individuals are allowed a choice
are called alternatives. For example, telephone, telegraph and
postal system are the alternatives of communication. Rail, road
and air traveling are the alternatives of transportation.
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 SUB-CULTURE:
Sub-culture is an element of the general culture. Some people
make associations organizations, classes, tribes and Berardi on
the basis of similarity in their patterns of living. This similarity
creates identity among them. Interaction rate among them is
rather higher than with others. They form a sort of in-group.
One or more similar cultural traits become the foundation of
this group
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 Ethnocentrism:
It means that every culture considers itself superior to other
cultures. The Americans think of themselves as the "Progressive"
while the Eastern culture call them immoral. The Pakistanis all
themselves as brave, hard-worker and faithful people. The Arabs
call themselves hospitable. Similarly, the people of every nation
feel pride and claim superiority upon other nations. This sense of
pride or superiority upon others is called ethnocentrism.
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A beautiful picture of a beautiful culture
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ThankYou