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Marine Pollution In Sri Lanka<br />

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Group members<br />K.P.S. Madhuranga<br />ShashiDayarathna<br />GayanaManamperi<br />ImalkaHitihamu<br />Chathura De Alwis<br />Prasadi H.L.A.<br />IsuruUdayanga<br />

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Maritime Zones in Sri Lanka<br />Territorial Sea<br />Contiguous Zone<br />Exclusive Economic Zone<br />(Pollution Prevention Zone)<br />

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Sri Lankan Maritime Zone<br />

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As Sri Lanka is an island<br />Recently Sri Lanka engaging with lot of developing projects regarding marine resources <br />Because of having development in Tourism<br />As mostly urbanization happening in coastal areas<br />Why we are focusing on this<br />

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• Marine Pollution–<br />“The introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy to the marine environment resulting in deleterious effects such as: hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities, impairment of the quality of seawater for various uses and reduction of amenities<br />(UN definition) <br />What is Marine pollution……<br />

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Marine pollution can be occurred due to various reasons. Generally it can be divided into three major parts,<br /><ul><li>Land base marine pollution .

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Ships transportation marine pollution.</li></ul>Source of Marine Pollutant in Sri Lanka<br />

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Land run off<br />Urban and domestic debris<br />Industrial debris<br />Agricultural debris<br />Tourism <br />Off-Shore Installation<br />Land Base <br />

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Surface run-off ;<br /> from farming<br /> Urban run-off;<br /> from the construction of roads, buildings, ports, channels, and harbours, can carry soil and Particles laden with carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and minerals. <br />Polluted runoff ;<br /> from roads and highways are the significant source of water pollution in coastal areas in the country.<br />Land run off<br />

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Polluted run-off<br /> Land Run-off<br />Urban runoff<br />

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Contaminants ;<br />organic matters<br />metals<br />Urban and domestic debris<br />close to urban cities, plastic, glasses,polythene, cigarette butts were the most abundant debris, followed by packaging items (boxes, bags, caps, lids), medical waste, and sewage. A high proportion of this material reached the sea by way of sewers<br />

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chemicals and municipals sewerage<br />plastic particles<br />

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Many animals that live on or in the sea consume flotsam by mistake.<br /> Plastic debris, when bulky or tangled, is difficult to pass, and may become permanently lodged in the digestive tracts of these animals, blocking the passage of food and causing death through starvation or infection<br />Impact of Urban debris<br />

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Mostly in Sri Lanka , sea turtles and Coral reeves are affected with urban debris and it make huge damage for them<br />

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<ul><li>Heavy metals ;(Zn, Cu, Sn)</li></ul> Industrial effluents are mostly discharged to the ocean<br /> These metals are held in the sediment in a relatively inert form, but if stirred up into the water column, they become oxygenated and toxic.<br /><ul><li>Organic matters (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

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inorganic matters

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toxins</li></ul>Industrial debris<br />

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Industrial Debris<br />

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These accumulate in the fatty tissue of plants and animals low in the food chain, and as they pass through the food web to larger and long-lived animals, there is an increase in concentration of the substances in their fat, a process known as bioaccumulation. <br />Many animals have tumors and disease. There is mounting evidence that chronic exposure to contaminants causes suppression of the immune responses of marine mammals.<br />Impact of Industrial Debris<br />

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Organic matters<br />Heavy metals (Cr, Hg, Cd)<br />Nutrients( N,P)<br />Chemical pesticides, chemical substances used to kill harmful animals or insects, and fertilizers, chemical or natural substances put on the land to make crops grow better, are another source of pollution<br />Agricultural debris<br />

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Degradation periods of marine debris<br />

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Merchant Ships<br />Fisheries Boats<br />Military and research ships<br /> Ballatwater<br />Ship and transportation pollutants<br />

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<ul><li>Oily discharges from ballast water and bilge water) during routine ship operations and illegal dumping of solid waste

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Designated dumping grounds at sea (dredged spoil, old munitions, sewage sludge, fly ash, oil based drilling mud)

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Accidental spills from Ships carrying hazardous substances, oil, gas etc.</li></ul>Ships transportation marine pollution<br />

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Now there is a new threat to our sea and coast pollution from oil spills increasing day by day due to ;<br /><ul><li> accidents ( collisions/grounding of vessels)

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Negligence and careless handling

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Discharge of waste oil into sea water

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Discharge waste containing oil

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Ship/Boat repairing/servicing/cleaning

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Oil filling/bunkering</li></ul>Major marine pollutant – Oil<br />

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About ports and 70% of oil spills are within or around harbours<br />

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<ul><li>Direct physical contact

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Inhalation or ingestion of toxic components

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Loss of food resources

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Birds and furred mammals

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Inhalation of toxic volatile hydrocarbons

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Inhalation of toxic volatile hydrocarbons

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Skin irritation

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Disturbance to nesting habitat

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coral reefs

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tidal flats

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mangrove forests</li></ul>Impact of Oil on organisms<br />

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Spread of invasive alien species<br />lower biodiversity<br />Imbalance food chains and ecosystem<br />Ballast water<br />

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The tourist Industry mostly damage for the seashores and Coral reef<br />How the tourist industry cause for Sri Lanakan Marine Pollution<br />Hikkaduwa is a prime example of what developing tourism can do to a hitherto untouched island treasure. <br />

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The reefs` aesthetic charms draw tourists by the dozens. For people around the area, this means business opportunities in the forms of hotels, businesses, and one of the biggest threats to the reef, glass-bottomed boats. <br />Now Hikkaduwa reefs are being gradually worn down<br />

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Negambo<br />Hikkaduwa<br />Mount-lavinia<br />Galle<br />Panadura<br />Kaluthara<br />Marine pollution affected areas in Sri Lanka<br />

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These are our Obsevations<br />

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What we can do……..<br />

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Natural remediesWeathering, evaporation, oxidation, biodegradation, and emulsification, sedimentation <br /><ul><li>Human intervention

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Booms

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Skimmers (remove floating oil)

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Sorbents (absorb oil)

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Dispersing agents,

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Gelling agents (aid mechanical extraction)

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Biological agents (oil metabolizing microbes)

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Mechanical washing

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Dredging</li></ul>Prevention & Control<br />

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<ul><li>Green infrastructure approach

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Septic tank</li></ul>Domestic sewage<br />

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Industrial wastewater treatment<br />

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Marine Pollution Prevention Authority<br />Marine Pollution Prevention Authority contribute to protect the marine environment from ship based and shore based maritime related activity, to comply with International and national obligations by promulgation of laws and regulations and implementation of international Conventions relating to marine pollution prevention and all other matters. <br />

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Sri Lanka sea pollution increasing<br />Nov 17, 2008 (LBO) - Pollution of the seas around Sri Lanka is increasing mainly because of pollutants from land, the Marine Pollution Prevention Authority (MPPA) has warned. <br />What is Sri Lankan Authority Says about Marine Pollution<br />

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Marine pollution prevention Act<br />Fisheries and Aquatic resources Act.<br />Coast conservation Act.<br />National environmental Act.<br />Legal framework for preventing marine pollution in Sri Lanka<br />

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Visit to Marine pollution prevention Authority<br />

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http://www.environmentmin.gov.lk/agencies.htm<br />http://www.pollutionissues.com/Ve-Z/Water-Pollution-Marine.html<br />http://www.pollutionissues.com/Ve-Z/Water-Pollution-Marine.html http://www.ngo.grida.no/wwfneap/Objectives/pollut.htm<br />References<br />

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Thank you !<br />