This document discusses three main types of diseases: acute diseases, chronic diseases, and infectious diseases. Acute diseases have a rapid onset and short course, while chronic diseases have a persistent or long-lasting effect of over three months. Common chronic diseases include arthritis, asthma, cancer, COPD, diabetes and AIDS. Infectious diseases can be passed between individuals and are caused by infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, protozoa or fungi. Infectious diseases account for over half of all deaths in children under five worldwide.
3. 1.AcuteDisease
An acute disease is a disease with a rapid onset and/or a short
course.
Acute may be used to distinguish a disease from a chronic form,
such as acute leukemia and chronicleukemia, or to highlight the
sudden onset of a disease, such as acute myocardial infarction.
The word 'acute' may also be used in the context of medicine to
refer to the acute phase of injury, referring to the immediate post-
injury healing processes.[citation needed].
4. Acutecare
Acute care is the early and specialist management of adult patients
suffering from a wide range of medical conditions requiring
urgent or emergency care usually within 48 hours of admission or
referral from other specialties.
Acute hospitals are those intended for short-term medical and/or
surgical treatment and care. The related medical specialty is acute
medicine.
6. 2.ChronicDisease
A chronic condition is a human health condition or disease that is
persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effect .
The term chronic is usually applied when the course of the disease
lasts for more than three months.
Common chronic diseases include arthritis, asthma, cancer, COPD,
diabetes and AIDS.
7. In medicine, the opposite of chronic is acute. A chronic course is
further distinguished from a recurrent course; recurrent diseases
relapse repeatedly, with periods of remission in between. The
non-communicable diseases are also usually lasting medical
conditions but are separated by their noninfectious causes. In
contrast, some chronic diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, are caused
by transmissible infections.
8. ChronicCareandtheMedicalSystem
Historically, there has been little coordination across the multiple
settings, providers and treatments of chronic illness care. In
addition, the treatments for chronic diseases are often
complicated, making it difficult for patients to comply with
treatment protocols.
Effective medical care usually requires longer visits to the doctor's
office than is common in acute care. Moreover, in treating chronic
illnesses, the same intervention, whether medical or behavioral,
may differ in effectiveness depending on when in the course of the
illness the intervention is suggested.
9. Fragmentation of care is a risk for patients with chronic diseases,
because frequently multiple chronic diseases coexist. Necessary
interventions can require input from multiple specialists that may
not usually work together, and to be effective, they require close,
careful coordination.
As a consequence, patients with chronic conditions can fare
poorly in the current acute-care model of care delivery.
11. 3.InfectiousDisease
Infectious disease
disease caused by an infectious agent such as a bacterium, virus,
protozoan, or fungus that can be passed on to others.
Infectious diseases are responsible for a quarter to a third of all
deaths worldwide.
Infectious diseases account for more than half of all deaths in
children under the age of 5. Of the top ten causes of death
compiled by the World Health Organization, five are due to
infectious diseases.
12. The top single agent killers are HIV/AIDS, malaria and
tuberculosis. The other top killers are lower respiratory infections
and diarrheal diseases, which are caused by a variety of agents.
13. InfectiousDiseasesasaCauseofDeath
Infectious diseases are responsible for a quarter to a third of all
deaths worldwide.
Infectious diseases account for more than half of all deaths in
children under the age of 5.
Of the top ten causes of death compiled by the World Health
Organization, five are due to infectious diseases.
The top single agent killers are HIV/AIDS, malaria and
tuberculosis. The other top killers are lower respiratory infections
and diarrheal diseases, which are caused by a variety of agents.