1. The Influence of Indonesian Language toward English
Writing
Nanda Puspitasari (521100016)
Paula Damayana (521100040)
Ria Dwi Pratiwi (521100005)
Sartika (521100127)
Triyani (521100080)
STKIP PGRI
Pontianak
Abstract
Language is the most important aspect in the life of all beings. We use
language to express inner thoughts and emotions, make sense of complex and
abstract thought, to learn to communicate with others, to fulfill our wants and
needs, as well as to establish rules and maintain our culture.Writing activities
were more fun than listening or reading because writing is a work of art that is
poured through one's understanding is then written in a style of his own
language.The things that need to be considered when writing in English is a great
language structure, conjunctions between sentences to one another must be
related, punctuation should be clear, do not use words that are not raw, it is better
to use active voice rather than passive voice, and not rigid in applying the
language of one language into another. In this research, the writer want to know
the influence Indonesian language toward English writing. The result of this
research that to apply at STKIP PGRI Pontianak, can be found that there is the
influence Indonesian language toward English writing.
Keyword : Indonesian, English, Writing.

2. A. INTRODUCTION
1. Background
Language is very important in human life. Language is means of
communication. Without a language, a person cannot communicate with others.
Language is an extremely important way of interacting with the people around us.
We use language to let others know how we feel, what we need, and to ask
questions. The importance of communication can be often ignored. Even with the
ability to communicate with each other.
Understanding the language has been largely defined by experts in their
respective views. Bill Adams says that language is a system of individual
psychological development, Wittgenstein interpret that language is a form of
thinking that can be understood, while Saussure defines if the language is object
of Semiology. While the general notion that language is a tool to interact or
communicate to convey thoughts, ideas, concepts or feelings of being used by a
man, in the form of the sound produced by the instrument man sauce.
Language was created as a universal communication tool that is expected to be
understood by any human being to do a social interaction with other human
beings. Language consists of a collection of words or phrases that each
arrangement has the meaning of words to express ideas, thoughts or feelings.
Therefore, we should choose the right words and arrange the words according to
grammatical rules that exist, so that the meaning contained in each sentence can
be conveyed properly and clearly.
The increase in the use of English in Asia is awe-inspiring (Kachru, 1997)
and currently the number of Asian population who uses English has reached 350
million people. Since English is currently employed by numerous countries as
their official language.
English is a language in the world. People call it a international language.
In our school, the English language has been given since the fourth grade of the

3. elementary school up to university.English can be at least understood almost
everywhere among scholars and educated people, as it is the world media
language, and the language of cinema, TV, pop music and the computer world.
All over the planet people know many English words, their pronunciation and
meaning.
English language terms are defined in the first section below. The next
section has definitions for English modifiers, verbs, other types and affixation. It
is very fortunate that the two languages are so similar. Even though the definitions
below are for English, nearly all of the terms have similar concepts in bahasa
Indonesia as well. A major difference is that modifiers come after the words
modified in Indonesian while they are placed before the nouns in English.
Another difference is that bahasa Indonesia doesn't have Articles (no "a, an or
the").
Language includes four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing.
The four basic skills are related to each other by two parameters. First, the mode
of communication: oral or written. Second, the direction of communication:
receiving or producing the message.
In this case, the writer discussed about writing skill. Writing is language
activity that needs much cognitive concentration. When writing, a writer is
challenged to use just linguistics code without helping of other codes, take for
instance, gestures. A writer has to arrange some ideas and transform them into his
thinking carefully in writing codes on papers.
In fact, writing is different from writing Indonesian. English as stated
above is a foreign language for Indonesian student. English is a new language that
they often have trouble when they learn it. One of the reason is the characteristics
of English itself. For example, tenses, regular and irregular verb are not found in
Indonesia. On contrary, Indonesia is a language which the students have got
earlier basically, we believe that student of STKIP have enough knowledge of it

4. and have known to use it well and correctly. So it is possible that Indonesian,
though it is a school language for most of them, can regard as the student’s mother
tongue. They use Indonesian more frequently with they friends and teachers.
Moreover, Indonesian is very close to them, to their speaking or writing habits.
This is one thing that invites problems when the student writes the sentences
composition in English.
In writing in English, especially for the academic field, we need to use the
grammar are standard, as does the use of Enhanced Indonesian Spelling. However
in reality, especially for daily conversation, grammar is not preferred. Laying the
distorted words are still understandable, for keywords pronounced, and the
sentence is still understandable interlocutors.
2. Research Problems
1. What are the influence of Indonesian language toward English writing?
3. Research purpose
This study, to know influence of Indonesian language toward English Writing.

5. B. LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Language
Language is the most important aspect in the life of all beings. We use
language to express inner thoughts and emotions, make sense of complex and
abstract thought, to learn to communicate with others, to fulfill our wants and
needs, as well as to establish rules and maintain our culture.
Language can be defined as verbal, physical, biologically innate, and a
basic form of communication.
Behaviorists often define language as a learned behavior involving a
stimulus and a response (Ormrod, 1995).
Often times they will refer to language as verbal behavior, which is
language that includes gestures and body movements as well as spoken word
(Pierce & Eplin, 1999).
When we define language we have to be careful not to exclude symbols,
gestures, or motions. This is because if we exclude these from our definition, we
will be denying the language of the deaf community.
All human languages share basic characteristics, some of which are
organizational rules and infinite generativity. Infinite generativity is the ability to
produce an infinite number of sentences using a limited set of rules and words.
(Santrock & Mitterer, 2001).
2. Definition of Indonesian
Indonesian is the official language of the Republic of Indonesia and the
Indonesian language of national unity. Indonesian inaugurated after the
proclamation of Indonesian independence, precisely the day after, simultaneously
with the entry into force of the constitution. In East Timor, Indonesian plays as a
working language.
From the linguistic point of view, Indonesian is a variant of the Malay
language. Basic used Malay is the language of the 19th century. He experienced a

6. change in its development due to its use as a working language in the colonial
administration and standardization of processes since the early 20th century.
Naming "Indonesian" Youth Pledge initiated since its launch, October 28, 1928,
to avoid the impression "language imperialism" when fixed used. Process name
Malay Indonesian This causes different variants of the language currently used in
Riau Malay and the Malay Peninsula. Until now, the Indonesian is a living
language, which continues to produce new words, either through the creation and
absorption of local languages and foreign language.
Although it is understood and spoken by more than 90 % of people in
Indonesia, the Indonesian is not the native language for most speakers. The
majority of Indonesian citizens to use one of the existing 748 in Indonesian
language as a mother tongue. Indonesian speakers often use everyday version and
or mixing with other Malay dialect or mother tongue. Nonetheless, Indonesian is
used very widely in the universities, in the media, literature, software, official
correspondence, and various other public forums, so it can be said that the
Indonesian is used by all citizens of Indonesia.
3. Manner of Writing in Indonesian
In communicating with others, we recognize spoken language and written
language. Both of these languages often cause misunderstandings. The use of a
goo6d and correct sentences (the so-called effective sentence) will facilitate
understood others so that misunderstandings can be avoided which happens
frequently.
To make the sentence easier to understand spoken or written by someone
else, there are two conditions that must be met. First, the sentence can accurately
represent the ideas or feelings of the speaker or writer. Second , the sentence
could lead to precisely the same idea in mind of the listener or reader as thought
by the speaker or writer.
Effective sentence can be interpreted as sentences composed of words
element of a subject, predicate, object, and statements or sentences that are not

7. convoluted. Of these meanings, it can be concluded that the effective sentence is a
sentence that is tailored to the language rules in force, which has the ability to
reawaken ideas in mind of the listener or reader as on the mind of the speaker or
writer. The understanding of a sentence can not be separated from an
understanding of the words and the rules contained in the sentence. To establish
an effective sentence, the choice of words (diction) right is necessary for the
information submitted in accordance with the intent of the speaker or writer.
With diction, the speaker or writer is required to learn a variety of words,
such as words meaningful connotation and denotation, synonyms, idioms, and
common words and special words. The words sometimes have a similar meaning
that can changed other words to achieve the same meaning as the sentence
effectively. However, the speaker or writer should also consider factors outside
the influence of language on the use of the word.
Typically, an effective sentence used in scientific writings, such as term
papers, research reports, thesis, theses, and dissertations. Effective sentence is
rarely used by the writers or journalists because they are more often used figure of
speech.
The conditions that must exist in writing effective sentences, among
others, 1) has the essential elements or basic, minimal elements of subject and
predicate. 2) in accordance with EYD. 3) using appropriate diction. 4 ) using the
equivalence between the structure of language and the way logical and systematic
thinking. 5) using parallel forms of the language used. 6) there is an emphasis
main idea. 7) refers to the use of the word frugality. 8) using a variety of sentence
structures. Characteristics of Effective Sentences in writing effective sentences,
especially in scientific work, there are some characteristics that must be
considered. The following are the characteristics of effective writing sentences.
Equivalence, the balance between mind (ideas) and the structure of spoken
languages. The characteristics of word equivalence,among other sentences have

8. clear functions, there is no double subject, conjunctions used appropriately, as
well as the predicate is not preceded by the word.
Parallels, the similarities of form of words used in the sentence. The point
is that if the first sentence uses the verb, the second sentence, and so on also use
the verb.
Frugality, saving the use of words, phrases, or other forms deemed
unnecessary. Some things you can do for frugality, among other subjects
eliminate repetition, avoiding the use of superordinate hyponymy said, avoiding
synonymy in one sentence, and not pluralize words plural.
Accuracy, which is a sentence that is used does not cause double
interpretation and precise in their choice of words. Accuracy includes several
aspects, such as accuracy in sentence structure, word choice, spelling and usage.
Cohesion or coherence, cohesion statement is used in the sentence so that
the information submitted is not split. Cohesiveness in effective sentence should
pay attention to several aspects, among others, do not long-winded sentences,
using the pattern facet + agent + in an orderly verbal sentence predicated persona,
and do not insert a word in the predicate verb and object sufferers.
Logic, namely the idea that sentences are acceptable by reasonable and in
accordance with the applicable rules. logic in writing effective sentences is
associated with reasoning, the process of thinking to connect the facts in order to
create a conclusionn.
4. Definition of English
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early
medieval England and is now the most widely used language in the world. It is
spoken as a first language by the majority populations of several sovereign states,
including the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada,Australia, Ireland, New
Zealand and a number of Caribbean nations. It is the third-most-common native
language in the world, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish. It is widely learned as

9. a second language and is an official language of the European Union, many
Commonwealth countries and the United Nations, as well as in many world
organizations. (Wikipedia.com)
English grammar has avariation in the structure and use, it depends on the
tradition of being used by a country which is influenced by the native language of
that country. In general, the grammar is agrammar guided American English and
British United Kingdom (British).
5. Manner of Writing in English
Writing activities were more fun than listening or reading because writing
is a work of art that is poured through one's understanding is then written in a
style of his own language. Language set forth in writing depending on the cultural
background of the language, of course, has a different uniqueness. So what if they
wrote it in English? For now it can be said very few devotees, most of them are
not proficient in English grammar and lack of vocabulary. Whereas someone
absorption can be measured against a language of his writing. However, often one
would rather listen and read (English passive), compared with speaking and
writing (English is active). Writing in English is required expertise and skills also
require diligence and thoroughness. The things that need to be considered when
writing in English is a great language structure, conjunctions between sentences to
one another must be related, punctuation should be clear, do not use words that
are not raw, it is better to use active voice rather than passive voice, and not rigid
in applying the language of one language into another. Of course there are many
that must be considered in writing English so into writing in accordance with the
standards of the reader. Keep doing the exercises is the best way to get maximum
results written in English. Another way is to familiarize yourself to read more
articles or books in English. By default, the habit of reading a particular sentence
structure will affect the structure of the sentence to be prepared with their own
writing. The point is indirectly the understanding of a reading can enrich
comparative reasoning and writing in English.

10. 6. Compare between Indonesian Language and English language
Compared with English language, Indonesian does not use air- gender
words. For example, pronouns like "dia" did not specifically indicate whether the
person referred to was male or female. The same is also found in words such as
“adik" and "pacar" as an example. To specify a gender, an adjective must be
added, "adik laki-laki" as an example.
There is also word that sex, like for example "putri" and "putra". Words
like these are usually absorbed from other languages . In the above case, both said
it was absorbed from the Sanskrit through the Old Javanese language.
To change a noun into a plural form is used reduplication (repetition
word), but only if the amount is not involved in the context. As an example of
"seribu orang" is used, rather than "seribu orang-orang". Repetition is also said to
have many other uses, not limited to the noun.
Indonesian uses two types of the first person plural, ie "kami" and "kita".
"kami" are the exclusive pronoun which means not including the speaker, while
"kita" is inclusive pronoun which means a group of people called, including his
interlocutor.
Basic word order is Subject - Predicate - Object (SPO), although other
wording is also possible. Verb is not in the language inflectit to people or the
number of subjects and objects. Indonesian also don’t know when (tense). Time is
expressed by adding the adverb of time (like, "kemarin" or "besok"), or other
clues such as "sudah" or "belum".
With a fairly simple grammar Indonesian has its own complexity, namely
the use of affixes that may be quite confusing for people who first learn
Indonesian.

11. C. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1. Research Setting
This study will be conducted in fifth semester English Education at STKIP
PGRI Pontianak.
2. Research Design
The method is a way, approach, or process of conveying information
(Rothwell&Kazanas). Research is one way to address issues that. Research is a
process to achieve (systematically and supported by the data) answer to a
question, a solution to the problem, or a deep understanding of a phenomenon. In
order for research in doing Achieve the Desired goals, we need a good method in
accordance with other Difficulties Studied. Research methods provide the
knowledge and skills necessary to address the problems and challenges facing the
environment in which decisions must be made quickly.
One method that can be done to find answers to the problems studied is
through the survey method. According Singarimbun and Effendi( 1989:3 ) cited
by Purwanto (2010:174 ), survey research is the only research done on the sample.
(Purwanto, 2010). Meanwhile, according to Suryana & Priyatna (2008)" Survey
research is used to make general inferences (generalizations) of the samples were
determined. In this study serves as the sample estimator of the population
estimate."
Thus, survey research is one type of descriptive research method
conducted in large and small populations of phenomena related to various aspects
of these populations to obtain actual information.
Why do writer use survey research? Because the writer want to find out
the influence of Indonesian language toward English writing.

12. 3. Population, sample and sampling technique
a. Population
Population is a generalization region consisting of objects or subjects that
have certain qualities and characteristics are determined by the investigator to be
studied and then drawn conclusions (Sugiyono. 2005:90). To know the influence
of Indonesian language toward English writing in A morning class English
Education at STKIP PGRI Pontianak.
b. Sample
Samples are taken in part from the whole object the object under study and
are considered representative of the entire population (Notoatmojo, 2003).
The writer takes the samples in A Morning class, fifth semester English Education
at STKIP PGRI Pontianak. The number of student is 25.
c. Sampling
The sampling technique used in this study is that the sampling quota
sampling technique by establishing a number of sample members. Any member of
the population to be taken does not matter, the important number of predefined
quatum can be met (Notoatmodjo, 2005). The writer scrambles 10 among 25
students for the research result.
4. Technique of Data Collection
Collection data in the form of a statement about the nature, circumstances,
certain activities and the like. Collection data was conducted to obtain the
information needed in order to achieve the research objectives (Gulo, 2002: 110).
These data collection methods including self-report category (personal report) /
description (self descriptive). Individual reports on the situation himself by
inquiries or orders given to him.
In this study the writer used a writing test to find outthe influence
Indonesian language toward English writing. The type of test that is given is:

13. Make up a report (± 100 words) on the social problems around you. Students are
asked to write down their knowledge of social problems, and develop their ideas.
The writer wanted to know the influence of Indonesian language toward English
writing. Result research can be apply in table 3.4.
5. Technique of Analyzing Data
According Ardhana 12 (in Lexy J. Moleong 200:103) explains that data
analysis is the process of arranging the order of the data, organizing into a pattern,
category, and description of the basic unit. According to Taylor, (1975:79) defines
data analysis as the process of detailing a formal effort to find a theme and
formulate hypotheses (ideas) as suggested and as an effort to provide assistance
and theme of the hypothesis. If assessed, the first definition is more focused
essentially organizing the data while the second emphasizes the intent and
purposes of data analysis. Thus the definition can be synthesized that data analysis
is the process of organizing and sorting data into patterns, categories and basic
outline so that the unit can be found themes and can be formulated as a working
hypothesis based on the data. In this study, the data analysis has been carried out
simultaneously with the data collection process. The flow of analysis followed the
interactive model as dictated Miles and Huberman (1984: 23).
In this study, the writer provide a test to the student to determine the
influence indonesian language toward english writing. From the research of 10
students made in the sample. Found that some students still use Indonesian
manner of writing in English writing. While the procedure Indonesian writing and
English there is a difference.
To recall, the writer will discuss the differences in manner of writing
Indonesian and English. In Indonesian writing using subject, predicate, object, and
information (time, place, and circumstances). Whereas in English writing, the
writer must use the correct pronunciation, should always include a verb and a
subject. The time difference is very important, because there will be changes to be
and a verb.

14. But from the research, still there is not pay attention to his students. So, he
applied his writing by using Indonesian, a rapid and interpreted in English. So,
that the students write the English using the procedure Indonesian writing.
Indonesian Writing is easier than English writing. However, if we know a
lot of vocabulary, and the time difference formula. English writing can be easy
and fun.
D. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
1. Research findings
Student Grammar Spelling Diction Paragraph
development
1 √ √ √ √
2 √ - √ √
3 √ √ √ √
4 - √ - √
5 √ - √ -
6 √ - - -
7 √ - - -
8 - - - √
9 - √ √ -
10 √ √ - √
Nb: √ if Indonesian language influence toward English writing
From the data above, Indonesian state that influence the writing of the English
language's grammar, spelling, diction, paragraph development. It can be explained
that from the data above, the first student Indonesian languages influence in
grammar, spelling, diction, and paragraph development. The second student

15. Indonesian languages influence in grammar, diction, and paragraph development.
The third student Indonesian languages influence in grammar, spelling, diction,
and paragraph development. The fourth student Indonesian languages influence in
spelling, and paragraph development. The fifth student Indonesian languages
influence in grammar, and diction. The sixth, seventh, and ninth student
Indonesian languages influence only in grammar. The eighth student Indonesian
languages influence only in paragraph development. The tenth student Indonesian
languages influence in grammar, spelling and paragraph development.
Formula:
Nb: X = Result, Y = ( √ Grammar, spelling, diction and paragraph development),
Z (100%)
So, of samples that have been taken writers concluded 57,5 % of Indonesian
extremely influential in the writing of the English language.
2. Discussion
In this study, the authors conclude that the results of tests given to students
of writing there are still student swho are affected with Indonesian style. 5 of the
10 students made in the study sample was influenced by the writing style of
Indonesian.
Reviewing back on, Writing in English is required expertise and skills also
require diligence and thoroughness. The things that need to be considered when
writing in English is a great language structure, conjunctions between sentences to
one another must be related, punctuation should be clear, do not use words that
are not raw, it is better to use active voice rather than passive voice, and not rigid
in applying the language of one language into another. Of course there are many
that must be considered in writing English so into writing in accordance with the
standards of the reader. Keep doing the exercises is the best way to get maximum

16. results written in English. Another way is to familiarize yourself to read more
articles or books in English. By default, the habit of reading a particular sentence
structure will affect the structure of the sentence to be prepared with their own
writing. The point is indirectly the understanding of a reading can enrich
comparative reasoning and writing in English.
But, the results of this study indicate that there is still a lot of errors in
students' writing. As for the errors contained in this research is the use of poor
grammar, and also the lack of proper diction. Diction is one of the important
things in writing, lack of vocabulary knowledge makes us use those words alone,
or in a short paragraph the students to use a word more than 5 times.
In Indonesian, there is no change in the sense of writing. However, in the
English language, one word can have many meanings. For example, the word
"who" has the meaning of "siapa", but can also mean "yang". This is what makes
students into difficulty in English writing. The difficulty in this case because of
lack of knowledge about the students' vocabulary.

17. E. CONCLUSIONS, SUGGESTIONS, AND IMPLICATION
1. Conclusion
Based on this research, it can be concluded that the influence of
Indonesian language toward English writing is vocabulary associated with the
procurement of a different sentence structure of each language. The writer would
like to express that the sentence structure is different from Indonesian and English
may be a cause of influence in the students' English writing. In accordance with
the results of the research, the writer have concluded the study as follows:
1. Students of a class morning fifth semester English education in
Pontianak PGRI STKIP still use Indonesian structure in English writing.
2.The degree of influence that are the focus of this research is in the
medium level. The data is taken from the results of tests the effect given to the
students wrote.
2. Suggestions
Based on the research conducted, the writer will give suggest, especially
for those interested in research on the same topic.
1. For teachers, the best teachers should know and understand the
difficulties the student in writing. So that, teachers can help students
learn how to improve the knowledge and also to help students develop
their ideas in writing.
2. To students, should master the grammar and vocabulary, it’s making to
easier for students in English writing.

18. REFERENCES
Ali, Mohammad. 1992. Strategi Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: Angkasa
Arikunto, Suhaisimi. 2006. Prosedur Penelitian. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta
Brown H. Douglas . 1994. Mengajar dengan Prinsip . San Francisco State .
Prentice Hall Regents Englewood Cliffs .
DEPARTEMEN Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan . 1992. Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa
Indonesia . Jakarta . Perum Balai Pustaka .
Wishon , E. George dan Julia M. Burks . 1980 Mari Menulis Bahasa Inggris .
New York
Moleong, Lexy J. 2007. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Rosda
http://01.sil.org/lingualinks/languagelearning/OtherResources/GudlnsFrALnggAn
dCltrLrnngPrgrm/FourBasicLanguageSkills.htm
http://annie-ocktaviani.blogspot.com/2010/03/pengertian-bahasa-indonesia.html
http://reselected.blogspot.com/2012/10/tata-cara-penulisan-bahasa-indonesia.html

19. LAMPIRAN 1
INSTRUMENT PENELITIAN
The Influence of Indonesian Language toward English Writing
Collecting Data
Attention:
- no book
- no dictionary
- no phone
- no access internet
- no Google translate
a. Instrument:
Make up a report (±100 words) on the social issues around you
Guideline: - Introduction of social problem
- Social problems in Indonesia
- Social problems around me
b. Guidelines for Assessment
The maximum score of each element = 25
Maximum score = 100
Acquisition score = 10x
oreMaxsimumsc
scoreAcquistion

20. LAMPIRAN 2
Population
No Name Class
1 Abang M rizkan
A MORNING
2 Rizki putri utami
3 Irna arisna
4 Januarius
5 Mikawati
6 Afriani krisnawati
7 Wahyuni anggerianti
8 Sulastri
9 Herni fitriana
10 Firmansyah
11 Hengki pranata
12 Wahyuna safitri
13 Sisilina koya
14 Felisianus
15 Kaisar zulfikar
16 Rain lesmiati
17 Meli Ricardo
18 Resty fisky febrianti
19 Dian nurfita
20 Norma yantiastuti
21 M.zainudin
22 Daw munanda
23 Desma lestari
24 Kholifudin roma
25 Paskalis suharyo
Total 25

21. LAMPIRAN 3
Sample
No CLASS NAME
1
A MORNING
Abang M rizkan
2 Rizki putri utami
3 Irna arisna
4 Januarius
5 Mikawati
6 Afriani krisnawati
7 Wahyuni anggerianti
8 Sulastri
9 Herni fitriana
10 Firmansyah
Total 10

22. LAMPIRAN 4
Table D.1
Student Grammar Spelling Diction Paragraph
development
1 √ √ √ √
2 √ - √ √
3 √ √ √ √
4 - √ - √
5 √ - √ -
6 √ - - -
7 √ - - -
8 - - - √
9 - √ √ -
10 √ √ - √