The CNS Notes and Review Mon. 02/04/13

1. The Central Nervous System
Anatomy and Physiology
Mr. Hunter
02/04/2013

2. Anatomy and Physiology
• Objective(s) 02/1/4/2013
• SWBAT
• Review Notes For Exam Friday – Quietly STUDY!!
• Analyze components and functions of the major
parts of the CNS
• Understand the parts and function of the
hypothalamus and hormone properties.
• Bell Ringer: What are the two divisions of the Autonomic
Nervous System?
• : Exit: What are visceral effectors?
• Assignment: Biology Text Book pg. 1034 vocabulary # 1-20 * make sure to
number the words* & pg. 1042 # 1-4 – All work in Cornell Format!

3. Assignment 02/13/13
Anatomy and Physiology Note Questions
Cornell Format – Use Your Text Book
1. What is the function of the corpus callosum?
2. How many lobes are the cerebral hemispheres divided into?
3. What are the names of the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres?
4. Where is the cerebral cortex located?
5. What is the function and location of basal nuclei?
6. What are the functions of the cerebrum?
7. What occurs in a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
8. What are the functions of specific areas of the cerebral cortex?
9. What is the average length and location of the spinal cord?
10. What is the core and the outer portion of the spinal cord composed of?
11. What are the functions of spinal tracts and what are they composed of?
12. Describe the structure of the spinal meninges.
13. What is the function and location of CSF?
14. What is hydrocephalus and how can it be treated?
15. What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?

4. Assignment 02/14/13
Anatomy and Physiology Study Note Questions
Cornell Format – Use Your Text Book
1. What is a lumbar puncture and what is it used for?
2. How many pairs of cranial nerves are there and where are they located?
3. From what locations do their fibers conduct impulses?
4. What is the function of the 2ndcranial nerve?
5. Where does the 3rd cranial nerve conduct impulses from?
6. Where does the 10th cranial nerve conduct impulses from?
7. List the cranial nerves and their functions.
8. How many pairs of nerves are attached to the spinal cord?
9. In which order are the nerves attached to the spinal cord?
10. What are the functions of the spinal nerves?
11. What are dermatomes?
12. What are the functions of the two divisions of the ANS?
13. Describe the neuron structures of the sympathetic and parasymapthetic
nervous system.
14. What is the function of the limbic system?

5. Anatomy and Physiology
02/07/2013
• Objective(s)
• SWBAT
• Analyze components and functions of the major
parts of the CNS
• Understand the parts and function of the
hypothalamus and hormone properties.
• Bell Ringer: What structures protect the spinal cord?
• Exit: What portion of the brain indirectly controls
every cell in the body?
• Assignment: Biology Text Book pg. 1034 vocabulary # 1-20 *
make sure to number the words* & pg. 1042 # 1-4 – All work
in Cornell Format!

6. Second Semester Guidelines Quiz
1. How many behavior points will students start off with
during the week?
2. What must you have around your neck and visible at all
times?
3. What item of clothing must not be worn in class?
4. True / False – Behavior points will be deducted for being
tardy to class.
5. True / False – The positive trait code for doing your best is p
6. When you are done with your work in class what should
you do? ____________________________

7. • The Central Nervous System (CNS)
The CNS has two major structures the brain
and the spinal cord.
• The brain is protected by the cranial
cavity and the spinal cord is
surrounded by the spinal cavity in
the vertebral column.
• They are both covered by protective
membranes called meninges.
• Question(s): What are the two
major structures of the CNS?
• What are these structures protected
by?

8. • The brainstem is the most inferior
portion of the brain. It is composed
The CNS of the following sections:
• Medulla Oblongata
• Pons
• Midbrain
• The lowest part of the brainstem is
the medulla oblongata.
• It is an enlarged extension of the
spinal cord. It lies inside the cranial
cavity above the foramen magnum.
• The medulla consists of gray and
white matter mixing to form the
reticular formation.
• Question: What are the three parts
of the brainstem?

9. • In the spinal cord, gray and white
matter do not mix. The core of the cord
The CNS is gray and the white matter surrounds
it.
• The pons and the midbrain consists of
white matter and scattered bits of gray
matter.
• All three parts of the brainstem function
as two way conduction paths.
• Sensory fibers conduct impulses up
from the cord to other parts of the
brain.
• Motor fibers conduct impulses down
from the brain to the cord.
• Question: What are the functions of
Sensory and motor fibers within the
CNS?

10. • Many important reflex centers are
The CNS located within the brainstem.
• Cardiac
• Respiratory
• Vasomotor
• Collectively these centers are called
vital centers and are located within
the brainstem.
• Impulse from these centers control
heart beat, respiration, and blood
vessel diameter – regulates blood
pressure.
• Question: What reflex centers make
up vital centers in the brain?

11. 1. What are the two major components of
the CNS?
2. What membrane is responsible for
The CNS Review 02/04 protecting both the brain and spinal cord?
3. What is the most inferior portion of the
brain called?
4. What are the three parts to the most
inferior portion of the brain?
5. Just above what cranial structure does the
medulla oblongata lie?
6. What does the reticular formation consist
of?
7. What function do all three parts of the
brainstem serve as?
8. What are the functions of sensory and
motor fibers within the CNS?
* You may select one of the above questions as
an exit ticket question.

12. • The cerebellum is the second largest part
of the human brain.
The CNS • It is located under the occipital lobe of the
cerebrum.
• The thin, folded outer layer forms a large
surface area and is composed of gray
matter.
• White matter forms most of the interior
portion of the cerebellum. The white
matter tracts form a tree-like pattern
called the arbor vitae.
• Functions of the cerebellum are:
• smooth, coordinated movements,
maintain equilibrium, and sustain normal
posture.
• It also may play a role in an overall
coordinating function of the entire brain.
• Question: What is the second largest part
of the brain?

13. • The diencephalon is a small, important
region of the brain. It is located
The CNS
between the midbrain and the
cerebrum.
• The diencephalon consists of three
major structures:
• Hypothalamus
• Thalamus
• Pineal gland
• The hypothalamus is located below the
thalamus.
• The pituitary gland and the walls of the
third ventricle are extensions of the
hypothalamus.
• Question: What are the three major
parts of the diencephalon?

14. • The hypothalamus is one of the most
important brain structures.
The CNS • The hypothalamus controls virtually all
internal organs.
• The hypothalamus controls:
• Heartbeat
• Constriction and dilation of blood vessels.
• Contraction of the stomach and intestines
• Body temperature
• Sleep cycles
• Appetite and emotions
• Some neurons of the hypothalamus
function to make hormones that the
posterior pituitary secretes into the blood.
One of these hormones is called ADH
(antidiuretic hormone) which affects the
volume of urine excreted.
• Question: What is the name of one of the
hormones released by the hypothalamus?

15. • Some of the neurons of the
The CNS hypothalamus function as glands.
• Their axons secrete chemical
releasing hormones into the blood.
• These hormones then cause other
hormones to be released by the
anterior pituitary gland.
• This action influences the hormone
secretion of other endocrine
glands.
• The hypothalamus indirectly helps
to control every cell in the body.
• Question: What are the functions of
chemical releasing hormones?

16. 1. What is the second largest part of the
human brain?
The CNS Review 2. What form of matter forms most of the
02/05 interior of the cerebellum?
3. What are the functions of the cerebellum?
4. Where is the diencephalon located?
5. What are the three major structures of the
diencephalon?
6. What two structures are extensions of the
hypothalamus?
7. Where is the hypothalamus located?
8. What are the functions of the
hypothalamus?
9. What function does the ADH hormone
have?
10. Significant elevation in body temperature
in the absence of disease may be the result
of injury to what diencephalon structure?
* Select one review question as an exit slip
question

17. • The thalamus is located just above
The CNS the hypothalamus.
• It is a dumbbell –shaped section of
gray matter.
• Each end of the dumbbell lies in a
lateral wall of a fluid filled chamber
called the third-ventricle.
• The thalamus is composed of
dendrites and cell bodies of
neurons that have axons extending
up toward sensory areas of the
cerebrum.

18. • The functions of the thalamus include:
The CNS • Producing sensations
• Associates sensations with emotions
• The pineal gland: Located posterior to
the thalamus protruding from the back
of the diencephalon.
• Receives information about the
strength of light seen by the eyes and
adjusts its output with the hormone
melatonin
• Melatonin helps to keep the body’s
clock on time with daily, monthly and
seasonal cycles of sunlight and
moonlight.

19. • The cerebrum is the largest portion
The CNS of the brain.
• It contains many convolutions (gyri)
and grooves called sulci.
• The deepest sulci are called fissures
• Fissures divide the cerebrum into
right and left hemispheres.

20. 1. Where is the thalamus located
The CNS – Review
2. How is it shaped?
Cornell Format 02/06 3. What is the thalamus composed of?
4. Where does each end of the thalamus
lie?
5. Where do axons of the thalamus
extend?
6. What are the functions of the
thalamus?
7. Where is the pineal gland located?
8. What information is received by the
pineal gland?
9. What is the function of melatonin?
10. What is the name of the largest
portion of the brain?
* Exit slip selected from one of the review
questions