1. Group no- 8
Guided By: Mr. A. Vikram Reddy
Presented by:
Amit Kumar (Reg. no: 10010ECR019)
Kadambari Dash (Reg. no: 100101ECR041)
Prabhakar Padhy (Reg. no: 100101ECR071)
Laxmi Prasanna Rokkam (Reg. no: 100101ECR029)
1

2. Abstract
This project deals with the development of an ultra-high frequency phase
shifter for use in phased arrays or smart antenna arrays. It is very difficult to
transmit rich data at very high frequency with higher data rates over a long
distance. To overcome these limitations phase shifting technique can be
used in both transmitter and receiver end. Use of phase shifters in
transmitter as well as receiver end will give high directional beaming and
higher gain. These phase sifters can be designed by using varactor diode at
output ports These phased array antenna techniques can be used in mobile
communication, radar system, fighter plane, as well as in transmission of
rich data over very long distance. For designing and simulation of phased
array antenna system ‘ADS’ software can be used.
2

3. Phase array antenna system
• Phased arrays are one of multiple antenna systems that
is using phase shifting technique.
• It
can
electronically change
the direction
of
transmission and reception of the electromagnetic
beam in a particular direction by constructive signal
addition, while simultaneously blocking it to other
directions by destructive signal cancellation.
3

4. Current literature review
• From reference [1] we got the information about
microstrip line and varactor diode.
• From reference [2] we got the design step of micro
strip patch antenna and its radiation pattern.
• From reference [3] we got the steps to design phase
shifter with varactor diode.
• From reference [4] we got the Wilkinson power divider
architecture and its insertion loss and isolation
between output ports.
4

5. Work Plan
Duration
Amount of work/work in progression
Up to 17-07-13
Literature review and fundamental studies
18-07-13 to 25-07-13
Smart antenna concept (i.e. adaptive array antenna or MIMO )
26-07-13 to 16-08-13
Studied about micro strip patch antenna design and simulation in ADS
17-08-13 to 31-08-13
Studied about Wilkinson power divider design and its response
01-09-13 to 20-09- 13
1:4 micro strip patch antenna array design and simulation with Wilkinson power divider
21-09-13 to 19-10-13
Studied about phase shifter and varactor diode
20-10-13 to 03-11-13
Design and simulation of phase shifter using varactor diode in ADS
04-11-13 to 06-11-13
Comparison of result and its interpretation
5

6. Patch Antenna Design
Fig a: Microstripline feed [2]
Fig c: Microstripline [2]
Fig b: Electric field lines [2]
Fig d: Effective dielectric constant [2]
6

7. Patch Antenna Design Steps In ADS
1) ADS Menu bar >> Momentum >> Substrate >>
Create/Modify >> then set Substrate >> FR-4, Thickness
>> h= 63 mil, Dielectric constant Er = 4.3 under Substrate
Layers tab and select strip conductor from Layout Layers
tab.
2) For an efficient radiator, a practical width is given by
[2]
7

8. Patch Antenna Design Steps in ADS
3) Use microstrip feed for 50 ohm line width and length
and locate the port at the center.
4) ADS Menu bar >> Momentum >> Mesh >> Preview and
Simulation >> S-Parameters to check its simulation
result.
[2]
Fig 1: Microstrip feed rectangular patch antenna
8

9. Layout of Patch antenna in ADS
Fig 2: Microstrip feed rectangular patch antenna design in ADS
9

10. Single Patch Antenna Simulation Result
Fig 3: Magnitude and phase simulations of S11 in ADS
10

11. Rectangular Patch Antenna 3D View In ADS
Fig 4: Current distribution & radiation pattern of rectangular patch antenna
11

12. Rectangular Patch Antenna
Fig 5: Linear polarization simulations of rectangular patch antenna
12

13. Rectangular Patch Antenna
Fig 6: Absolute fields simulations of rectangular patch antenna
13

14. Antenna Parameters
Fig 7: Antenna parameters of a single rectangular patch antenna
14

15. Final Layout Design Of 1:4 Equal-split
WPD In ADS
Fig 8: Layout of 1:4 equal-split WPD in ADS
15

16. Design Steps For Four Way WPD Using ADS
Fig 9: LineCalc showing W and L of microstripline, ADS
16

17. Magnified view of 1:4 WPD
Fig 10: Showing port1 &
section of 1:4 equal-split WPD in ADS
17

18. Output Ports 4 & 5 of 1:4 Equal-split
WPD In ADS
Fig 11: Showing output ports 4 & 5 of 1:4 equal-split WPD in ADS
18

19. Rectangular patch antenna array fed
with 1:4 WPD
Fig 12: Rectangular patch antenna array fed with 1:4 WPD
19

20. Rectangular Patch Antenna Array fed
with 1:4 WPD- 3D
Fig 13: Rectangular patch antenna array fed with 1:4 WPD- 3D
20

21. Simulation Result of Patch Antenna
Array fed with 1:4 WPD
Fig 14: Simulation result showing S11 of a patch antenna array fed with 1:4 WPD
21

22. Radiation pattern of patch antenna
array fed with 1:4 equal-split WPD –
3D view
Fig 15: Radiation pattern of patch antenna array fed with 1:4 WPD
22

23. Linear Polarization of Patch
Antenna Array fed with 1:4 EqualSplit WPD
Fig 16: Linear polarization of patch antenna array fed with 1:4 WPD
23

24. Absolute Fields of Patch Antenna
Array fed with 1:4 Equal-Split WPD
Fig 17: Absolute fields of patch antenna array fed with 1:4 WPD
24

25. Directivity & Gain of Patch
Antenna Array fed with 1:4 EqualSplit WPD
Fig 18: Directivity & Gain of patch antenna array fed with 1:4 WPD
25

26. Patch Antenna Array Parameters
fed with 1:4 Equal-Split WPD in ADS
Fig 19: Antenna parameters of patch antenna array fed with 1:4 WPD
26

27. Varactor Diode
Fig 20:
For varactor diode Quality factor is given by ,
Where,
Cv = capacitance at the measured voltage
R = series resistane
27

28. Design steps for phase shifter
using ADS
1) ADS Menu bar >> Momentum >> Substrate >>
Create/Modify >> then set Substrate >> FR-4,
Thickness >> h= 63 mil, Dielectric constant Er = 4.3
under Substrate Layers tab and select strip conductor
from Layout Layers tab.
2) ADS Palette >> T lines - microstrip >> MLIN >>
then set W and L according to branch impedance
value calculated from ADS Line-Calc tool.
28

29. Design steps for phase shifter using
ADS
3) ADS Menu bar >> Momentum >> Mesh >>
Preview and Simulation >> S-Parameters >> set min
and max frequency and click the add to frequency
plan list.
4) ADS Menu bar >> Momentum >> Component >>
create/update >> click the schematic check box and
delete previous database.
5) ADS Main window >> Menu bar >> new
schematic window.
29

30. Design steps for phase shifter
using ADS
6) ADS Menu bar >> Bookshelf/component library >> Project
>> Right click on project file and click place component.
7) Place the component on schematic window then place S
parameter simulation and select appropriate frequency range
and step.
8) ADS component library >> HF diode library >> bb535
siemens diode and place at port 3 and 4.
9) Select register, inductor from palette and in series with
varactor diode and provide proper port termination.
30

31. Layout of Phase Shifter with
Impedance ratio one in ADS
Fig 22: Layout of phase shifter for rz=1 in ADS
31

32. Co simulation of Phase Shifter for
impedance ratio one
Fig 23: Schematic of phase shifter co simulation for rz=1 in ADS
32

33. Phase Variation for Minimum
Capacitance 1.4 pf and 5 V
Fig 24: Phase plot for rz = 1
Fig 25: Unwrap phase plot for rz = 1
33

34. Insertion loss and Reflection for
Minimum Capacitance 1.4 pf and 5 v
Fig 26: S21 (dB) plot for rz = 1
Fig 27: S11 (dB) plot for rz = 1
34

35. Phase Variation for Mid Capacitance
4.7 pf and 3 V
m1
freq=2.400GHz
unwrap(phase(S21))=-595.761
m2
freq=2.400GHz
phase(S(2,1))=124.239
-100
200
-200
unwrap(phase(S21))
m2
phase(S(2,1))
100
0
-100
-300
-400
-500
m1
-600
-700
-800
-200
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
freq, GHz
Fig 28: Phase plot for rz = 1
2.8
3.0
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
freq, GHz
Fig 29: Unwrap phase plot for rz = 1
35

36. Insertion loss and Reflection for
Mid Capacitance 4.7 pf and 3 V
Fig 30: S21 (dB) plot for rz = 1
Fig 31: S11 (dB) plot for rz = 1
36

37. Phase Variation for Maximum
Capacitance 8 pf and 0 V
m1
freq=2.400GHz
unwrap(phase(S21))=-595.923
-100
unwrap(phase(S21))
-200
-300
-400
-500
m1
-600
-700
-800
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
freq, GHz
Fig 32: Phase plot for rz = 1
Fig 33: Unwrap phase plot for rz = 1
37

38. Insertion loss and Reflection for
Maximum Capacitance 8 pf and 0 V
Fig 34: S21 (dB) plot for rz = 1
Fig 35: S11 (dB) plot for rz = 1
38

39. Layout of Phase Shifter with
Impedance ratio four in ADS
Fig 36: Layout of phase shifter for rz=4 in ADS
39

40. Co simulation of Phase Shifter for
impedance ratio four
Fig 37: Schematic of phase shifter co simulation for rz=4 in ADS
40

41. Phase Variation for Minimum
Capacitance 1.4 pf and 5 V
m2
freq= 2.400GHz
unwrap(phase(S21))=-560.828
200
unwrap(phase(S21))
0
-200
-400
m2
-600
-800
-1000
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
freq, GHz
Fig 38: Phase plot for rz = 4
Fig 39: Unwrap phase plot for rz = 4
41

42. Insertion loss and Reflection for
Minimum Capacitance 1.4 pf and 5 V
Fig 40: S21 (dB) plot for rz = 4
Fig 41: S11 (dB) plot for rz = 4
42

43. Phase Variation for Mid Capacitance
4.7 pf and 3 V
m2
freq= 2.400GHz
unwrap(phase(S21))=-561.900
m1
freq= 2.400GHz
phase(S(2,1))=158.100
200
200
m1
unwrap(phase(S21))
0
phase(S(2,1))
100
0
-100
-200
-400
m2
-600
-800
-200
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
-1000
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
freq, GHz
freq, GHz
Fig 42: Phase plot for rz = 4
Fig 43: Unwrap phase plot for rz = 4
43

44. Insertion loss and Reflection for Mid
Capacitance 4.7 pf and 3 V
Fig 44: S21 (dB) plot for rz = 4
Fig 45: S11 (dB) plot for rz = 4
44

45. Phase Variation for Maximum
Capacitance 8 pf and 0 V
m1
freq=2.400GHz
unwrap(phase(S21))=-580.209
m1
freq= 2.400GHz
phase(S(2,1))=157.917
200
200
m1
unwrap(phase(S21))
0
phase(S(2,1))
100
0
-100
-200
-400
m1
-600
-800
-200
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
freq, GHz
3.0
-1000
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
freq, GHz
Fig 46: Phase plot for rz = 4
Fig 47: Unwrap phase plot for rz = 4
45

46. Insertion loss and Reflection for
Maximum Capacitance 8 pf and 0 V
Fig 48: S21 (dB) plot for rz = 4
Fig 49: S11 (dB) plot for rz = 4
46

47. Insertion Loss with Rp and without Rp
0
5
0
-5
dB(S(2,1))
dB(S(2,1))
-5
-10
-10
-15
-15
-20
-25
-20
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
freq, GHz
freq, GHz
Fig 50: S21 (dB) plot with Rp for rz = 4
Fig 51: S21 (dB) plot without Rp for rz = 4
47

48. Comparison between rz=1 and 4
Phase Shifter
Fig 52:
Phase plot for rz = 1
fig 53:
Phase plot for rz =4
48

49. Future work
• Optimization of phase shift and reflection for
phase shifter having impedance ratio rz=4.
• Implementation of tunable phase shifter in our
design between the WPD and patch antenna array.
49

50. Conclusion
We have successfully completed the design and
simulation of patch antenna array. The gain obtained
from array is more than the single patch antenna. Also
we have designed our phase shifter with impedance ratio
one and four. The phase shifter having impedance ratio
four is giving more phase shift than the phase shifter
with impedance ratio one. So after inserting tunable
phase shifter in between WPD and patch antenna array
we will get more directive gain due to constructive signal
addition in major lobes and destructive signal
cancellation in side lobes.
50

51. Reference
[1] David M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering Third Edition, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
[2] Constantine A Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design. 34d ed. New York:
Wiley, 2005.
[3] Chien-San Lin, Sheng-Fuh Chang, Chia-Chan Chang, Yi-Hao Shu, “ Design of a
reflection-type phase shifter with wide relative phase shift and constant insertion loss,”
IEEE Transactions on microwave theory and techniques, vol. 55, no. 9, september 2007.
[4] L. Wu, Z. Sun, H. Yilmaz, and M. Berroth, “A dual-frequency Wilkinson power
divider,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 278– 284, Jan. 2006.
[5] K. O. Sun, H. J. Kim, C. C. Yen, and D. Weide, “A scalable reflection type phase
shifter with large phase variation,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 15, no. 10,
pp. 647–648, Oct. 2005.
51

52. THANK YOU
52