This presentation highlight the benefit of Engineering Simulation Technologies applied on Green Energy field. In particularly, simulation technologies are fundamental for design, and fine tuning, of De-icing sub-systems so predict loss of performance, operating limits, damages, etc. on Wind Mill generators in cold climate.

1. Wind energy in cold climates

2. Wind Turbine Icing
 Wind turbine icing causes:
 from 5% to 30% annual production loss
 Increased loads due to weight and deteriorated aerodynamics
 safety issues
 noise
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3.  CFD
 Airfoil, blade aerodynamics
 Turbine performances
 Blade loading
 Icing conditions
 Anti-icing and de-icing
 FEA:
 Blade composite materials design and
optimization
 Components mechanical and thermal analysis
 Support to the design / tuning of sensors
for ice detection
 FLUID-STRUCTURE-INTERACTION
Offerings for Wind Turbine Industry
Optimization of anti-icing power
distribution
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4.  Blade Icing Protection System Design
 Ice accretion in different environmental scenarios
 Anti-icing and de-icing conditions
 Optimization of hot air de-icing systems
 Optimization of electro-thermal heating: power
distribution and coverage
 Support to the the design of ice detection systems
 Wind Farm Site Assessment for Icing
 Simulation of long icing events
 Prediction of annual production loss due to icing
 Assessment of investment risk in cold climates (cost
vs benefit of Ice Protection Systems)
Offerings for Wind Turbine Industry – cold climate
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5.  Prediction of critical icing scenarios
→ REDUCED RISK OF DAMAGES, INCREASED SAFETY
 Prediction of annual production losses
→ REDUCTION OF INVESTMENT RISK
 Design and optimization of de-icing and anti-icing systems
→ REDUCED DOWNTIME  INCREASED PRODUCTION
→ REDUCED ENERGY CONSUMPTION  LOWER COSTS
 More reliable ice detection systems:
→ REDUCED DOWNTIME  INCREASED PRODUCTION
→ REDUCED ENERGY CONSUMPTION  LOWER COSTS
Value of simulation
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6. Icing of wind turbines
Ice Protection Systems

7. Wind Turbine Icing: mechanism
 Icing occurs when subcooled droplets impinge on cold surfaces
 Ice accretion results in substantial distortions of the flow characteristics
 Shape
 Roughness
 Performances deteriorate
 Loading
 Safety issues
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8. 8
Ice Accretion Simulation
Performance degradation
assessment
Efficient design of Ice
Protection Systems
Ice effect and prevention
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9. 9
FENSAP
Flow
solution, CHT
DROP3D
Impingement
study
ICE3D
Ice accretion
modelling
Ice accretion simulation
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10. Different icing scenarios
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11. Wind Turbine Performance Degradation
Clean
Glaze
Rime
High speed
Large Diameter
Torque(Nm)
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Production loss

12. De-icing - Hot air systems
 Hot air is fed and distributed on the leading edge and between the shear webs
 Benefits of simulation:
 More even hot air distribution and reduced pressure losses
 More even temperature and de-icing heat fluxes
 Minimization of time needed to de-ice
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13. Electro-thermal systems
 Electro-thermal pads are located between the shell layers
 Benefits of simulation:
 Optimization of coverage and power distribution  minimum power
 More even temperature and anti and de-icing heat fluxes
 Minimization of time needed to de-ice
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2
Optimization of anti-icing power distribution
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14. Anti-Icing Power Requirements
 Power to prevent ice and to evaporate the water collecting on the blade.
 Higher power [W/m2] at the tip
 Higher power in rime ice conditions
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Glaze: lower heat flux
[W/m2]Rime: higher heat flux
[W/m2]

15. Ice Protection – Net Power Gain Production increment
due to Ice Protection
Cost of Ice
Protection
Net Power Gain > 0
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16. Wind energy in cold climates
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