Search & Discovery Patterns

morville@semanticstudios.com

Peter Morville, Enterprise Search Summit 1


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Design for Discovery

Search
Patterns
Peter Morville & Jeffery Callender

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in•for•ma•tion ar•chi•tec•ture n.

•  The structural design of shared
information environments.

•  The combination of organization,
labeling, search, and navigation
systems in web sites and intranets.

•  The art and science of shaping
information products and experiences
to support usability and findability.

•  An emerging discipline and
community of practice focused on
bringing principles of design and
architecture to the digital landscape.

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Design for Discovery
“Search is among the
most disruptive
innovations of our time.
It influences what we
buy and where we go. It
shapes how we learn
and what we believe.”

Search
Patterns
Peter Morville & Jeffery Callender

Illustrated by Jeff Callender, Q LTD
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Most of the complaints
we get are due to the way
users search; they use
the wrong keywords.

t's
ght. I
That's Ri
Yeah. rs!
d Use
e Stupi
thos

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$earch Metrics
Home Depot
• Conversion rate increased over 30% in first two weeks.
• Double digit increase in average order size.

Cabot Corporation
• Technical information downloads increased by 48%.
• Email and telephone inquiries reduced by 21%.

Sigma-Aldrich
• Increased successful searches from 53% to 83%.
• Increased site traffic to the final product detail page by 80%.
“A leading e-commerce site reported a revenue increase
of $370 million in the year following launch.”
Source: Endeca 9


Marcia Bates: Berrypicking, Evolving Search (1989)
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Search is a…
Complex, Adaptive System

Goals Interaction Features Indexing Tools
Psychology Aﬀordances Technology Structure Process
Behavior Language Algorithms Metadata Incentives

Interface

Query Results Engine Content

Users Creators

Source: Search Patterns (2010) 11


Principles of Design
Incremental Construction
Progressive Disclosure
Immediate Response User

Predictability
Alternate Views
Information
Recognition Over Recall
Minimal Disruption
Direct Manipulation
Interface
Context of Use

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Incremental Construction Progressive Disclosure
one step at a time… more within reach… 13


Immediate Response Predictability
flow requires feedback… feed-forward features and results…
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Direct Manipulation Context of Use
tapping into muscle memory… the delight is in the details… 15


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Realtime Search morville@semanticstudios.com

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Mobile Search morville@semanticstudios.com

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Kiosk Search morville@semanticstudios.com

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TV Search morville@semanticstudios.com

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There is one timeless way of building.
It is thousands of years old, and the same
today as it has always been.
The great traditional buildings of the past,
the villages and tents and temples in
which man feels at home, have always
been made by people who were very close
to the center of this way.
It is not possible to make great buildings,
or great towns, beautiful places, places
where you feel yourself, places where you
feel alive, except by following this way.
And, as you will see, this way will lead
anyone who looks for it to buildings
which are themselves as ancient in
their form, as the trees and hills,
and as our faces are.

The Timeless Way of Building
Christopher Alexander
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Window Place (180)
Everybody loves window seats,
bay windows, and big windows
with low sills and comfortable
chairs drawn up to them.
May be part of:
• Entrance Room (130)
• Zen View (134)
• Light on Two Sides (159)
• Street Windows (164)

May contain:
• Alcoves (179)
• Low Sill (222)
• Built-In Seats (202)
• Deep Reveals (223)

A Pattern Language
Christopher Alexander et al.
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Behavior Patterns morville@semanticstudios.com

Quit

Query Results

Thrashing

Query Results

Narrow

Query Results Results

Pearl Growing

Document Results

Expand


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Design Patterns morville@semanticstudios.com

Auto-Complete Federated Search

Query Results
Qu... Results Destination

Suggestions

Best First
Faceted Navigation
Query Results

Advanced Search Structured Results

Query Map
AND Results

OR

NOT

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Auto-Complete

Qu... Results Destination

Suggestions

Because typing (and typos) take time. 27


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Auto-Complete Auto-Suggest

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Best First

Query Results

In search, results must be simple, fast, and relevant. 30


43%
15%

10%

5%

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Source: Marti Hearst’s
Search User Interfaces (2009)


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Federated Search

Query Results

Because users don’t know where to look. 35


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Faceted Navigation


Multiple ways to search (and browse) in combination. 38

"laptop" > $910 - $1070 > Hewlett Packard > At least 1 GBmorville@semanticstudios.com
>
14 - 15 Inch > Bluetooth > 4 - 5 lbs

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Limited facets after Rich facets upon
initial search. selecting a category.

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Structured Results

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Actionable Results

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Redefining Search

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Question Answering

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Decision Making morville@semanticstudios.com

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Understanding morville@semanticstudios.com

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Pattern Recognition

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What We Search morville@semanticstudios.com

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How We Search morville@semanticstudios.com

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find·a·bil·i·ty n
The quality of being locatable or
navigable.
The degree to which an object is
easy to discover or locate.
The degree to which a system or
environment supports wayfinding,
navigation, and retrieval.
am·bi·ent adj
Surrounding; encircling;
enveloping (e.g., ambient air)

the ability to find anyone or anything
from anywhere at anytime 58


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Augmented Reality

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Ubiquitous Service Design morville@semanticstudios.com

Information is blurring the lines between products
and services to create multi-channel, cross-platform,
trans-media, physico-digital user experiences.

32,000 B.C. Visual Thinking

I n t e rt w i n g l e

1976 Information Architecture

1995 User Experience
1982 Service Design

2005 Ubiquitous Computing

1986 Interaction Design

http://semanticstudios.com/publications/semantics/000633.php 62


I follow a plant that
tweets. Her name is
pothos and she lives in
Toronto with Angela, an
information architect.
When pothos is thirsty,
she asks for help.
Sometimes days pass
before the water comes.

Bruce Sterling once noted,
"Futurism doesn't mean
predicting an awesome
wonder; rather it means
recognizing and
describing a small
apparent oddity that is
destined to become a
great commonplace."
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The URL Is Dead, Long Live Search


Over 50% of REI
online business is
picked up in a store.

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Cross Media Integration

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Source: Subject to Change (2008)


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My Shelf

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Desktop

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Kiosk
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http://www.slideshare.net/jessmcmullin/ 73


“When a unique identifier is
attached to an object, it
becomes possible to collect the
metadata about that object into
a single information shadow.”

“The unique identifier is the
leverage point with which to
access and manipulate the
whole information shadow in
relation to similar shadows.”

While Kuniavsky advises that we view information as one of many design
materials (like wood and carbon fiber) from which devices can be made, he
also highlights its role as “the core material in creating user experiences.”
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Scales of
Experience
Mike Kuniavsky

1cm 10cm 1m 10m 100m 1km

Covert

Mobile

Personal

Environmental

Architectural Urban
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Heuristics for
Pervasive Information Architecture

Andrea Resmini & Luca Rosati
http://pervasiveia.com/ 76

Service Design morville@semanticstudios.com

The difference between products and services is more
than semantic. Products are tangible objects that exist in
both time and space; services consist solely of acts or
process(es), and exist in time only.
The basic distinction between ‘things’ and ‘processes’ is
the starting point for a focused investigation of services.
Services are rendered; products are possessed.
Services cannot be possessed; they can only be
experienced, created or participated in. Though they are
different, services and products are intimately and
symbiotically linked.
How to Design a Service by G. Lynn Shostack (1982)
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Customer Journey Mapping morville@semanticstudios.com

Task Touch Points

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Multi-Channel Cross-Media

Watch Search for Get Watch Return
Movie Movie Movie Movie Movie

Desktop Desktop

Airplane
Laptop Laptop

Car
Mobile Mobile

Television Television

Ann Arbor Washington
Kiosk Kiosk

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Home Mobile Office

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Search is a Wicked Problem

•  Hybrid between design,
engineering, and marketing.
•  No definitive formulation.
•  Considerable uncertainty.
•  Complex interdependencies.
•  Incomplete, contradictory, and
changing requirements.
•  Stakeholders have radically
different world views.
•  It’s a project and a process.
•  The problem is never solved.

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User Experience Honeycomb: Searcher’s Edition

Useful Accessible
Is it useful? Is search the right Will it work for all users? Are
solution? Will it help our users features and results accessible
achieve their goals? And, given to blind and visually impaired
the state of technology, should users? Can people search from
we revisit our goals? Can search a wide variety of platforms and
be more? browsers?
Usable Credible
Is it easy to use with maximum Does the design inspire trust?
efficiency and minimal error? Do the order and display of
Are there affordances for novice results convey authority? Will
and expert searchers? Are there users believe that the top
gentle slopes to support results are the best or most
learning? popular or most relevant?
Desirable Valuable
Is it satisfying to use? Does it What is the value of search?
make people want to search? Does it build the bottom line or
Does it embody the values and advance the mission? Is the
identity of your brand? Does user experience aligned with
search leverage the power of strategy? Can search confer
emotional design? competitive advantage?
Findable Erasable
Can users find your site? Can How do these qualities interact?
they find their way around your Which are most and least
site? Can they find your content important to search? What have
despite your site? Is search we missed? Go ahead. Erase a
aligned with search engine few. Add your own. This is only
optimization? a place to start. 83


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IA Therefore I Am
Peter Morville

Search Patterns
http://searchpatterns.org/
New!
Semantic Studios
http://semanticstudios.com/

Blog
http://findability.org/
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Search & Discovery Patterns

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