2. Characteristics
• Definition- ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS
single-celled microscopic organisms that
are noted for their ability to move
independently

3. Characteristics
• Most are heterotrophic
– Break down small molecules or cells in food
vacuoles

4. Characteristics
• Some are free-living and others are
parasitic
Some human diseases
caused by protozoa are
malaria
amebic dysentery,
and
giardiasis

5. Reproduction
• Asexual- usually by binary fission
• Some sexual by conjugation- an exchange
of genetic material

6. Classification
• Domain- Eukarya
• Kingdom- Protista
– Along with algae, slime molds, and water
molds
• Four phyla are usually used
– Protozoa
– Ciliophora
– Sarcomastigophora
– Apicomplexa

7. Adaptations
• Eyespot- localized region of
pigment that can detect
changes in the quantity and
quality of light
• Cyst- dormant form of a
protozoan that has a
hardened outer covering to
help them survive harsh
conditions

9. Phylum Protozoa
• Hundreds of species of ameba
• Live in sand; mud; rocks; and shallow,
slow moving streams and ponds

10. Phylum Protozoa
• Pseudo- false
• Podia- foot
• Pseudopodia- cytoplasmic extensions
pushed out from the amoeba

11. Phylum Protozoa
• Endoplasm-
the inner
portion of the
cytoplasm
• Ectoplasm-
the outer layer
of the
cytoplasm

12. Phylum Protozoa
• Pseudopodia is used for feeding

13. Phylum Protozoa
• Some are covered with a protective shell
or test
• Foraminifera- tests made of calcium
carbonate

14. Phylum Protozoa
• Radiolarians

17. Phylum Protozoa
• Human Disease –
Amebic dysentery

18. Phylum Ciliophora
• 8000 species
• Paramecium-
large group of
ciliates
• Feed on bacteria
and algae
• Covered with
cilia

20. Phylum Ciliophora
• Pellicle- clear elastic layer of protein that
surrounds the cell membrane
• Oral Groove- funnel-like depression lined
with cilia that sweeps food down into the
mouth pore

21. Phylum Ciliophora
• Gullet- forms food vacuoles
• Anal pore- where waste is expelled
• Macronucleus- multiple copies of DNA and
sexual reproduction

22. Phylum Ciliophora
• Micronucleus- exchange during
conjugation
• Reproduction
– Binary fission
– Sexual- conjugation

23. Phylum Ciliophora

24. Phylum Sarcomastigophora
• 2,500 species
• One or more flagella
• Primitive protozoa
• Giardia lamblia

25. Phylum Sarcomastigophora
• Human Disease
– Genus Trypanosoma
• Carried from host to
host by blood sucking
insects

26. Phylum Sarcomastigophora
• Human Disease
– Trypanosomiasis- African sleeping sickness
• Tsetse fly

27. Phylum Sarcomastigophora
• Human Disease
– Chagas’ disease
• Trypanosoma cruzi
• Fever and severe heart damage

28. Phylum Apicomplexa
• 6,000 species
• Adult forms have no means of
locomotion
• Most are parasitic
• Toxoplasmosis- a disease
that usually causes no
problem in an adult but can
harm a developing fetus-
common in domestic cats

29. Phylum Apicomplexa
• Plasmodium- malaria
– Severe chills, fever, headache, sweating,
fatigue, and great thirst
– Vector- female anopheles mosquito