this is macro air pollutant, like acid rain and ozone depletion......etc

1. MACRO
AIR
POLLUTANTS

2. AICD RAIN
OZONE DEPLETION
GREEN HOUSE
EFFECT

3. ACID RAIN

4. WHAT IS ACID RAIN?
 Acid gases are
produced when fossil
fuels like coal and oil
are burned in power
stations, factories
and in our own homes.
Most of these acid
gases are blown into
the sky, and when
they mix with the
clouds it can cause
rain - or snow, sleet,
fog, mist or hail - to
become more acidic.

5. GASES CAUSING ACID
RAIN
 Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
 Nitrogen oxides
 Volatile organic
compound

7. REACTION
 When CO2 reacts with water, carbonic acid is
formed.
CO2 (g)+H2O(l) H2CO3(aq)
 When SO2 reacts with water, sulfurous acid is
formed.
SO2 (g)+H2O(l) H2SO3(aq)
 When NO2 reacts with water, nitric acid is
formed.
2NO2(g)+H2O(l) HNO2(aq)+HNO3(aq)

8. SOLUTIONS
 Sulphur dioxide can be removed from power stations
chimneys but this process is expensive.
 Use renewable energy like wind power, solar panels,
tidal power, and geothermal energy.
 Fit catalytic converters to vehicle exhausts which remove
the nitrogen oxides.
 Limit the number of vehicles on the roads and increase
public transport.

9. OZONE DEPLETION

10. OZONE LAYER
Belt of ozone gas 15 to 50 kilometers above the earth's
surface where ozone is present in concentrations of a
few parts per million. This layer blocks (absorbs)
ultraviolet part of the solar radiation (which causes skin
cancer) from reaching the earth's surface.

11. OZONE DEPLETION
The fragile shield of ozone is been damaged by chemicals
released on earth. The main chemicals that are depleting
stratospheric ozone are :
 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
 AEROSOLS
 HALONS.

13. GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

14. The “Greenhouse Effect”
 The Earth’s surface thus receives energy
from two sources: the sun & the
atmosphere
– As a result the Earth’s surface is ~33 C warmer than it would
be without an atmosphere
Greenhouse gases are transparent to
shortwave but absorb longwave radiation
– Thus the atmosphere stores energy

15. Electromagnetic Spectrum
incoming outgoing

16. 1. Shorter, high
Energy wavelengths
Hit the earths
Surface
2. Incoming energy
Is converted to heat

17. 3. Longer, infrared
Wavelengths hit
Greenhouse gas
Molecules in the
atmosphere
4. Greenhouse gas
Molecules in the
Atmosphere emit
Infrared radiation
Back towards earth

18. 78% nitrogen
20.6% oxygen
< 1% argon
0.4% water
vapor
0.036% carbon
dioxide
traces gases:
Ne, He, Kr, H, O3
Methane, Nitrous
Oxide

19. SOLUTIONS
 Eliminate/Minimize Fugitive Emissions.
 Improve Combustion Efficiency.
 Improve Process Efficiency.