MD. RAMJaN CHF, CAU, Pasighat Arunachal Pradesh

1. BY
MD.RAMJAN
M.Sc. Horticulture (Vegetable Science)
01H-M-2016
College of Horticulture and Forestry
Central Agricultural University
Pasighat-791102
Arunachal Pradesh

2. `white fly
(Bemisia tabaci)
Is a serious pest of tomato.
The nymphs and adults are
harmful by transmitting
viruses and mycoplasma.
It sucks the sap lower
portion of leaves and stem,
as a result , the affected
leaves turn yellowish and
curl down.
This pest is most serious
during dry season

3. Control
 Follow clean cultivation
 Adopt proper cultural
operation
 Limit the irrigation
frequency to reduced the
population of white fly.
 When the nursery is raised
in open condition, cover
the nursery with agro-net.
 Spray the crop with of the
insecticides, viz.
Dimethoate,
Phosphamidon,
Monocrotophos @ 1.5 ml/
liter.

4. Fruit borer
(Helicoverpa armigera)
 Polyphagous in nature.
 The caterpillars damage the
leaves, flower buds, flowers
and fruits.
 Fruit are damaged by its
caterpillars at all the stages
(Singh and Singh, 1975).
 Young caterpillars are more
over the leaves and feed ,
migrate to flower buds and
fruits and made tunnels on
them.
 The caterpillars bores into
the fruits and feed on the
internal tissues.

5. Control
 Follow the clean cultivation.
 Follow long crop rotation.
 Collect the infected fruits and pick-up
caterpillars by hand and destroy them.
 Spray the crop regularly with contact
insecticides to reduced the insect
population.
 Grow yellow marigold as a trap crop along
border and in the between every 15 rows
of tomato.
 Release the egg parasitoides,
Trichogramma chilonis and T. chilotraeae
@ 2,50,000 adults/ha.
 Spray the crop with monocrotophos @
0.15% , carbaryl @ 0.4% , Endosulphon @
0.2% Quinolphos @ 0.2%, Fenvalerate @
0.05%, Cypermethrin @ 0.05 %.

6. Leaf minor
(Liriomyza trifolii)
It is a polyphagous pest
The yellow color larvae
make tunnel in leaves
between the upper and
lower leaves.
The damage results in
long white winding
tunnels on the leaves.

7. Control
Polythene mulching
combined with irrigation
is the most practical
method (Keularts and
Lindquist, 1989).
NSKE@ 4 % could
reduced the leaf
infestation (Scholz-
Dobelin, 1997)
Spray of Cryomazin
followed by Endosulfan
@ 0.05% and
Diomethoate are
effective.

8. Epilachna beetle
(Epilachna vigintopuctata)
This is also a polyphagous
insect, which causes great
damage to the plant.
The larvae and adults feed on
the leaves by scraping the
epidermis tissues

9. Control
Collect and destroy the
egg masses, grubs, and
adults as and when
appear in the field .
Spray the crop with @
0.05 % Endosulfan @
1.5 ml/liter, Carbaryl @
4g/liter

10. Tobacco caterpillar
(Spodoptera littoralis)
 This is polyphagous pest
The young caterpillars
feed on tender leaves,
shoots and fruits at night.
Under severe infestation,
the entire leaves fall
down.

11. Control
Collect and
destroy the leaves
attacked by
caterpillar with
egg masses.
Spray the crop
with0.01%
Quinalphos or
Malathion, 0.05 %
and Endosulfan @
1.5 ml /liter.

12. Root Knot Nematode
(Meloidygyne incoginata and M. javanica)
 The infection may start at
seedling stage.
 Stunting, reduction in leaf size
and yellowing due to
information of galls in roots are
the general symptoms of its
attack .
 The typical and diagnostic
symptoms are the production
of galls in the roots.
 The rate of photosynthesis is
considerably reduced.
 The nematode population
increases due to monoculture.

13. Control
 Follow marigold or garlic based drop rotation.
 Planting of marigold as intercrop.
 Flood the field for longer time.
 Plough the field in hot summer month.
 Grow resistant varieties like Hissar Lalit, Pusa -
120, PAU-1, PAU-2.
 Add NSKE @ 500g/m2.
 Fumigate the infested bed with methyl iodide
@ 0.49 kg/10 m2
 Overnight soake the seeds in 0.1 % carbafuran
monocrotophos.
 Apply granual nimaticides l;ike , aldicarb @ 4
g/m2, furadon @ 7 g/m2 or Thimet @ 4 g/liter.
 Dip the seedling roots in Rogor @ 2 ml /liter
for 6 hr before transplantig

14. Brinjal
Shoot and fruit borer
(Leucinodes orbonalis)
 The caterpillars bore into
young shoots, petiole, leaf
midrib and fruits and feed on
internal tissues.
 The leaves dry up and drop off
and growing point is killed.
 Later the caterpillar s bore into
flower buds and fruits by
entering through the calyx and
the infested fruts become
unmarketable.

15. Control
Remove and destroy all
affected shoots and fruits
along with the
caterpillars.
Avoid ratoonig crop
Grow tolerent variety,
like Punjab Barsati
Spraying with
fenvalerate @ o.o5% .
Cypermethrin @ o.o4%-
0.05%
During early stage ,
spray Quinolphos ,
Carbaryl @ 0.2%.

16. Hadda beetle/Epilachna beetles
(Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata)
Both the adults and grubs feed on
the cholorophyll of the upper
surface of leaves, in between the
veins resulting in characteristics
skeletonized patches on leaves.
Later the become brown, dry up
and fall off.

17. Control
 During early stage of crop
growth, spray with
Malathion @ 0.2 % or
Endosulphon @ 0.2 %.
 At flowering and fruiting
stage spray with the same
pesticides as against the
shoots and fruit borer.
 Spray Carbaryl @ 0.1% or
Quinolphos @ 0.05%, if
sever damage.

18. Lacewing Bug
(Urentius hystricellus)
Both nymphs and
adults suck cell
sap from leaves
and cause
yellowish spots
and mottling of
infested leaves.

19. Control
Spray the Malathion @
0.025% at 10 days interval
as soon as insect
attackappears on the plants.
The insecticides
recommonded against the
shoot anf fruit borer during
fruiting stage may be
sprayed.
Spraying with
Phosphamidon, Rogor,
Monocrotophos, @ 0.5%
or neem formulations @ 2-
3 ml/lit.
Soil application of Phorate/
Thimet @ 4-6kg / ha.

20. Leaf roller
(Eublemma olivacea)
The caterpillars feeg
on leaves and cause
withering and drying
up of leaves.
The larvae roll up the
leaves and feed on
chlorophyll inside the
folds .
Later the folder
leaves wither.

21. Control
Remove and destroy the all
infested rolled up leaves.
The insecticides
recommonded against the
shoot and fruit borer during
fruiting stage may be
sprayed.

22. Red Spider Mite
(Tetranychus neocaledonicus)
The mite suck the sap
from the lower surface of
leaves resulting in
chlorotic specks.
The mites remain in
colonies under thick silky
webbings.
Leaves become chlorotic
and yields bare produced.

23. Control
Spraying with emulsified
neem oil, like Econeem,
Achook or Neemazal @
0.5% , directed to the
lower surface of the
leaves .
Spraying with
Dicofol/Kelthane @
0.25%

24. Jassid
(Amrasca biguttula biguttula)
 The insect sucks the sap from
lower portion of leaves.
 The infested leaves curl
upward along the margins.
 The leaves turn yellow and
show burnt up patches .
 The insects serves as a vector
for mycoplasmal disease, little
leaf.

25. Control
Spray the 0.1%
Ekatox before
fruiting.
Spray the 0.15%
Malathion at
fruting stage

26. References
Vishnu Sawarup, 2006. Vegetable Science and Technology in
India. Kalyani Publishers , New Delhi.
Selwakumar , R. 2014. A Textbook of Glaustas Olericulture.
New Vishal Publishers, New Delhi.
Rana , M. K. 2008. Scientific Cultivation of Vegetables.
Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Hari Har Ram . 1997. Vegetable Breeding Principles and
Practices. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Instant Horticulture
Glaustas Horticulture

27. THANK Y0U