I have demonstrated IoT and the application used moreover the standardization and Radio sensing Technology used in IOT moreover I have highlighted some topics to be considered when deploying IoT solution.

1. IOT Radio Based Sensing
Presented by: Mohamed Hamdy Naeem
Submitted to : Dr.Mohamed Abu El Dahab

2. Contents
• Introduction to Internet of things
 Definition
 History
 Application Area
 IOT as a system
 IOT components
• Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT
 IOT protocol stack
 IEEE 802.15.4
 IOT devices ways of communication
 IOT operating system
 IOT hardware
 WSN network
 Sensor Node architecture
 Energy Harvesting

3. 1-Introduction to Internet of things
What is IOX ?
• IOE: Internet Of Everything
brings together people, process, data, and things to make
networked connections more relevant and valuable than ever
before.
• IOT: Internet Of Things
Connecting everyday objects we interact with in an
information network so that they can communicate and
exchange data.
• Internet of Digital (IoD)
Very close to the concept of Traditional Internet, IoD refers to
“Digital-First” objects like smart phones, tablets, laptops and
smart TVs connecting to the Internet for exchanging data.

4. • Internet of Human (IOH)
Refers to the interactions that human users
have with the IOT and IOD subsystems. These
interactions can be both direct (e.g. manual)
and indirect (e.g. automated, ambient tracking
of human activity)
1-Introduction to Internet of things

5. “History”
1929: Robert Bureau ,the first radiosonde, a
device that used wireless telemetry, converted to
Morse code, to transmit temperature and
barometric pressure from a weather balloon.
1969: UCLA and Stanford Research Institute
connect over ARPANET, the forerunner to the
Internet, introducing packet switching.
1978: First service trial of Bell Labs-developed
cellular system is conducted in Chicago.
1-Introduction to Internet of things

6. 1981: Hayes AT modem command set automates
dialing and control of communications links.
1982: installed micro switches in the Coke
machine to monitor inventory from computer.
1984 : the first handheld wireless cell phone by
Motorola.
1990: connection a toaster to the internet.
1992: first mass production of GSM phone by
NOKIA 1011.
1995: internet goes commercial by Amazon and
Echobay (ebay).
1-Introduction to Internet of things

7. 1998: Internet connected fountain whose flow and
height mimicked the volume and price of the stock
market.
1999: Kevin Ashton introduced IOT.
2000: LG announced the 1st internet refrigerator.
2002: Ambient orb is created by an spin-off of MIT
Media lab. The orb monitors the personal portfolios ,
weather and other data sources and changes its color
based on dynamic parameters.
2005: ITU published it’s 1st report on IOT.
2008: IPSO alliance was launched for deploying IP for
smart object communication.
2009:Cisco IOT the point of time where objects are
connected more than people.
1-Introduction to Internet of things

8. Application Areas
There are so Many application areas:
Human
Home & Office
Retail
Factories
Cities
Vehicles
Worksites
1-Introduction to Internet of things

9. 1-Human
1-Introduction to Internet of things
HealthCare Smart Watch
Fitness Smart Glass

10. 2- Home & Office
1-Introduction to Internet of things
Smart HouseSmart Appliance
Energy Management

11. 3- Retail
1-Introduction to Internet of things
Smart Warehouse

12. 4-Factories
1-Introduction to Internet of things
Predictive
Maintenance
Worker Productivity
Optimization
Fleet Management
Energy Management

13. 5-Cities
Smart Grid.
Smart Energy Management.
Smart Waste Management.
Smart Parking.
Smart Mobility & Traffic Control.
Air & Water Quality Monitoring.
Smart Public Services.
1-Introduction to Internet of things

14. 6-Smart Worksites
1-Introduction to Internet of things
Oil and gas Drilling Mining

15. 7-Vehicles
1-Introduction to Internet of things
Smart Control Mobile AppSmart display and route selection
Self Driving Car

16. 1-Introduction to Internet of things
Traffic Share Percentage

17. IOT is a phenomena that use set of technologies
in order to make it easier , faster and
controlled the usage of objects and things.
that is achieved by making every object:
Addressable : is given an address.
Accessible : Has a way/method to access it.
Actionable: the ability to control over it.
1-Introduction to Internet of things

18. • IOT system is the evolution of old ideas that Used actuators,
sensors and devices to control and manage industrial systems
with a processor/DSP based .
Ex. Oil Rig has multiple system one of them is the mud level sensors
in tanks and drilling operation , a sensor based system that is
connected and controlled through a box with a display screen .
The drilling manager observe that levels and manage the drilling
operation.
So, what is different in IOT implementation ?
1-less complexity using wireless sensors infrastructure.
2-more easier to observe through an application on mobile/tablet
even in bed which in turn save time, money and effort.
1-Introduction to Internet of things

19. • Components of IOT:
1. Object to be managed
2. Embedded system with wireless connectivity
3. Smart phone/device
4. Sensors
5. Ubiquitous wireless coverage
6. IPv6? more things can be addressed
2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

20. 2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT
• Protocol Stack

21. • The infrastructure to the managed/controlled
object to communicate is the WSN Wireless
Sensor Network.
• Before digging into WSN lets check the
wireless technology:
• IOT uses IEEE 802.15.4 which deliver the
physical and media access control layers for
IOT technology.
2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

22. IEEE 802.15.4
o Low power, low data rate wireless standard
o MAC and PHY layer protocols
o Operates on several bands:
-2.4 GHz ISM band, 915 MHz , 868 MHz
o MTU: 127 Bytes per frame ( including headers)
o Data rates up to 250 kbps
2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

23. • Wireless Technologies
Standard IEEE802.15.4 Bluetooth Wi-Fi
Frequency 868/915MHZ
2.4 GHZ
2.4 GHZ 2.4, 5.8 GHZ
Data Rate 250 kbps 723 kbps 11 to 105 Mbps
Range 10 to 300 m 10 m 10 to 100 m
Power Very low low High
Battery Operation Alkaline
(months to years)
Rechargeable
(days to weeks)
Rechargeable
(hours)
2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

24. 6LoWPAN
 IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area
Networks
 RFC 4944 and RFC 6282
 Adaptation layer
 Header compression
-stateless or context-based compression
-Compression of addresses
 Neighbor discovery
2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

25. CoAP
• Constraint Application Protocol
• Accepted as RFC in July 2013
• Restful web protocol
• GET, POST ,PUT ,DELETE methods
• Simple Request / Response exchange
• URL support
• Proxy to/from HTTP
EXI
 Efficient XML Interchange
 Standardized by W3c , March 2011
 Compression of XML encoded content
 Compact XML representation
2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

26. Operating Systems
• Contiki
• Tiny OS
• Nano-RK
• Mantis, LiteOS, FreeRTOS
Hardware
Telos (2.4 GHZ IEEE 802.15.4)
Arduino (Many)
Raspberry PI (any)
2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

27. • IOT Communication Modes:
Device to Device
Device to Cloud
Device to gateway
Back End Data Sharing
2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

28. 1- Device to device
Two devices get connected without server
Interaction.
2-Device to Cloud
2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

29. 3- Device to Gateway
4-back end data sharing
2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

30. • A collection of nodes organized in a
cooperative network.
• Each node has the capability to sense and
process the data , theses sensors work
together to sense some physical
phenomenon.
• The nodes connected via Wireless
communication channel.
2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

31. Components of WSN
Sensor:
• A transducer
• Convert physical phenomenon ( heat, light, motion , vibration , sound ,
pressure ,…) in to electrical signals
Sensor node:
o Basic unit in sensor network
o Contains on-board sensors, processor, memory , transceiver , and
power supply.
Sensor Network
 Consists of a large number of sensor nodes
 Nodes deployed either inside or very close to the sensed phenomenon.
2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

32. Node Architecture
 Hardware components of a sensor node
include
Sensing unit
Processing unit
Communication unit
Power unit
2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

33. 2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT
Node Architecture

34. 2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

35. WSN Topologies
WSN Nodes connect to the gateway with :
Point to Point
Star
Mesh
Cluster Tree
2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

36. 2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

37. The definition:
Energy Harvesting is the process of using the
energy available in the surrounding
environment.
Used for micro devices that uses low power
consumption and replace battery usage which
is dangerous, impractically and costly to
replace.
3-Energy Harvesting

38. Common EH sources
3-Energy Harvesting
Energy Source Performance Notes
Solar
•Outdoor, direct sunlight
•Outdoor, cloudy
•Indoor
15 mw/cm2
0.15 mw/cm2
10 u w/cm2
Power per unit with a
conversion efficiency of 15%
Mechanical
Machinary
Human body
Accoustic noise
Airflow
100-1000 uW/cm3
110 uW/cm3
1uW/cm2 @ 100 dB
750 uW/cm2 @5m/s
Ex. 800 uW / cm3 @ 2mm e
2.5 kHz
Ex. 4 uW / cm3 @ 5 mm and 1
Hz
It depends on the specific
conditions with respect to the
Betz limit
Thermic 1-1000 uW/cm3 Depends on the average

39. There are some challenges in deploying the IOT
system some of them are:
1-addressing (solved by using IPv6)
2-signal interference(effecient site survey and
mesh deployment)
3-security ( use of firewall security solution
before the gateway)
4-challanges