Similar to كيف تكتب مشروع بحتي ا.د. محمد لبيب سالم مدير مركز المشروعات والابتكارات ونقل التكنولوجيا وأستاذ علم المناعة بـكلية العلوم - جامعة طنطا - مصر
Similar to كيف تكتب مشروع بحتي ا.د. محمد لبيب سالم مدير مركز المشروعات والابتكارات ونقل التكنولوجيا وأستاذ علم المناعة بـكلية العلوم - جامعة طنطا - مصر (20)
12. What is a scientistWhat is a scientist
A scientist is a person who asksA scientist is a person who asks
questions and tries differentquestions and tries different
ways to answer them.ways to answer them.
سالم لبيب محمد .د
15. The scientific methodThe scientific method
• Asking a question, propose a problem, come
with a hypothesis to solve the problem,
propose aims and objectives to address the
hypothesis, design experiments to test the
hypothesis, perform the experiments within
a timeline, collect data, interpret the data
and conclude the results are their
significance.
• You need to have an estimated budget and a
source of your budget.
سالم لبيب امحمد .د
22. Project Anatomy
• AbstractAbstract
• Introduction and research teamIntroduction and research team
• Background and significanceBackground and significance
• Aims andAims and OOobjectivesobjectives
• Experimental Design (details of each objective)Experimental Design (details of each objective)
• MethodsMethods
• Facilities and EquipmentFacilities and Equipmentss
• BudgetBudget
• ReferencesReferences
• Appendices (any additional documents)Appendices (any additional documents)
سالم لبيب امحمد .د
23. A template for writing
a scientific project
سالم لبيب امحمد .د
24. Title: Write a concise title that expresses the
trend of the project
Problem: Write one paragraph that clearly
Introduces the scope of the project to
the reader.
End with a sentence that prepares the
mind of the readers to your hypothesis.
Usually the last sentence is the problem
your project shall address.
Project Anatomy
سالم لبيب امحمد .د
25. Hypothesis:
•State in one sentence the hypothesis behind your
work.
•The simplest way is to write it in if sentence i.e. if
we do X (input) we will get Y (output) and Y will lead
to Z (the solution for the problem you introduced).
E.g. if we improve the meeting room quality, we will
increase the number of attendees, resulting in a
better service and higher income to our institute.
Project Anatomy
سالم لبيب محمد .د
26. Preliminary results:
•It is very helpful to briefly mention the
relative data that support your hypothesis.
•These data could be yours or published
results.
Project Anatomy
سالم لبيب محمد .د
27. Specific aim(s):
•State the main aims you want to reach by the
end of the success of your project.
•One sentence per aim.
•Usually, 2-3 aims maximum.
Project Anatomy
سالم لبيب محمد .د
28. Objectives:
List not more than 2-3 objectives. Each objective
addresses a group of tasks (activities).
Remember that each Objectives should start with
action verb. e.g improve the infrastructure of the
room.
One activity focuses on painting, another for the
furniture, and one for the equipments, etc.
Project Anatomy
سالم لبيب محمد .د
29. • S SPECIFIC
• M MEASURABLE
• A ACHEIVABLE
• R REALISTIC
• T TIME FRAMED
29
Project Physiology
SMART RULE
سالم لبيب محمد .د
30. Tasks:
•Sate the activities that serve each
objective.
•Each task (activity) should include the 5
W+H rule (what, why, who, when, where,
how).
Project Anatomy
سالم لبيب محمد .د
31. 5 W+H rule5 W+H rule
What: Task title
Why: The reasons you should do this
task relative to the main goal
Who: researchers who will perform the
task and why
When: The exact time you plan to
execute the tasks and why
Where: In which lab you propose to
execute the tasks and why
How: The name of the methods you will use to
execute the tasks and why
Project Physiology
سالم لبيب محمد .د
32. The relationship between goals,
objectives and tasks:
1. Goals/Aim(s)
1.1. Objectives
1.1.1. Activities (Tasks)
Project Anatomy
سالم لبيب محمد .د
33. Expected results (outputs):
•Based on your tasks you should
anticipate the results you suppose to
reach by the end of the project.
•Provide brief interpretation to each
expected results
Project Anatomy
سالم لبيب محمد .د
34. Significance (outcomes):
•This is the most important part.
•You should convince the readers with the
importance of the results of the project to
the problem you stated as well as for
further studies.
Project Physiology
سالم لبيب محمد .د
35. Challenges and alternatives:
•It is very critical to state the technical and
scientific challenges that will face you
during execution of the project and how
you plan to overcome this.
•It is like plan A, plan B, plan C, etc.
Project Physiology
سالم لبيب محمد .د
36. Time line:
• State the time needed for this project by
either years or months.
• Write more details the time needed for
each objectives and tasks
• GANTT chart is usually used to
summarize the timeline of the project
Project Anatomy
سالم لبيب محمد .د