2. Cognition
refers to mental activities including:
*Thinking
*Remembering
*Learning
*Using language
And to solving problems.
When we apply a cognitive approach to learning and teaching, we
focus on the understanding of information and concepts. If we are
able to understand the connection between concepts, break down
information and rebuilt with logical connections, then our rention of
material and understanding will increase.

3. Assumptions
1.Human behaviour can be understood by scientific processes.
2.Human behaviour is a series of responses to external stimuli
mitigated by our:
* thoughts,
*perceptions,
*moods
*and desires.

4. Language
The Development of Language
The cognitive approach emphasizes the role of learning in behavior,
but unlike behaviorism, does not exclude the possible role of
inherited mechanisms. Noam Chomsky believed that language
development depends on an innate mechanism that he called a
"language acquisition device" which processes grammatical rules.

5. Problem-solving
Refers to the mental process that people go through to discover,
analize and solve problems. This involves all steps in the problem
process including:
*The discovery of the problem
*The decision to tackle the issue
*Understanding the problem
*Researching the available options and taking actions to achieve
your goals.
Before problem-solving can occur, it is important to first understand
the exact nature of the problem itself

6. Problem-solving strategies
Algorithms:
*a step-by step procedure that will always produce a correct
solution
Heuristics:
*a mental rule-of-thumb strategy that may or may not work in
certain situations. It does not always guarnatee a correct
solution.
Trial-and –error:
*involves trying a number of different solutions and ruling out those
that do not work
Insight:
*Can occur, because you realize that the problem is actually similar
to something that you have dealt with in the past.

7. Language and thoughts
Various forms of research indicate that language is not necessary for
thinking. However, there is also no denying that much of our thinking
occurs in words.
An example of the conflicts that can occur between language and
other cognitive processes is the Stroop test, which demonstrates how
interference can occur between linguistic processing and naming of
colors.

8. Stroop test
Time how long it takes you to name each of the colors below. Time for the
first row, and then for the second row. (Remember, you are naming the
colors, not the words!)
red green yellow blue purple
purple blue yellow green red