Geo dataintro

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Geo-data : the world geographical encyclopedia / John F. McCoy, project
editor.-- 3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
ISBN 0-7876-5581-3 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Gazetteers. I. McCoy, John, 1976-
G103.5 .G36 2002
910'.3--dc21
2002010926
Project Editor
John F. McCoy
Editorial
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All of the maps appearing in this book were
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GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Geodata.book Page iv Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA ix
PREFACE
Gale is pleased to present the third edition of Geo-Data:
The World Geographical Encyclopedia. This is the first
new edition of Geo-Data since 1989, and it represents a
complete revision and updating of that work. The pur-
pose of the book remains unchanged: to provide the
reader with the most detailed and comprehensive
descriptions available for the physical geography of coun-
tries.
Geo-Data’s focus and design is unique. Many encyclo-
pedias, atlases, and other books provide some informa-
tion on geography, but it is usually secondary to history,
current events, or other topics. In these sorts of refer-
ences physical geography receives a few paragraphs of
coverage per country at best, compared to pages in Geo-
Data. Among the few books that can rival Geo-Data cov-
erage, none can match its ease of use. There is no need to
hunt from one end of a dictionary or gazetteer to another,
searching for details on a country's many different fea-
tures. In Geo-Data everything is presented in one place.
Each of Geo-Data’s entries gives the reader a complete
portrait of a country's mountains, fields, forests, deserts,
rivers, seas, wetlands, and other features, with additional
information on population distribution and natural
resources. Key facts and statistics are highlighted at the
beginning of each entry. In addition to the country
entries, Geo-Data features a World Rankings Appendix,
listing the world's tallest mountains, longest rivers, deep-
est oceans, largest lakes, most populous countries, and
other outstanding features.
Selection Criteria
Geo-Data features 207 entries, each describing a single
country or dependency. Every entry includes a relief map
depicting the country or dependency. There is a separate
entry for each of the world’s 192 countries, including the
new nation of East Timor. In addition, the autonomous
island of Taiwan and the continent of Antarctica have their
own entries, as do 13 dependencies: Anguilla, Aruba, Ber-
muda, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands,
French Guiana, Greenland, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, the Turks and Caicos
Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Smaller, less popu-
lated, and more remote dependencies, such as the Cook
Islands, Palmyra Atoll, and Svalbard, are discussed in the
entries of their parent states.
Although all countries and dependencies are
described in detail, entries can vary greatly in length.
This is often due to the obvious reason that some coun-
tries are much larger than others. However, countries
with particularly complicated geography, such as Nepal,
may have longer entries than much larger countries with
fewer outstanding features, such as Libya. Countries with
a large number of dependencies, such as France or the
United Kingdom, also have longer entries than compara-
bly sized countries.
Names and Measurements
Geography is an imprecise science. Knowledgeable
experts, most of whom have lived, worked, or studied
extensively in the countries about which they wrote, pre-
pared the entries for this new edition of Geo-Data. Gale
editors have relied on authoritative sources such as Mer-
riam Webster’s Geographical Dictionary, 3rd ed., The
World Factbook 2001 of the CIA, The Columbia Gazetteer
of the World, and the statistics and geographic divisions
of the United Nations and various countries to check our
facts. However, the reader should be aware that it is diffi-
cult if not impossible to measure exactly such large and
irregular features as mountains, lakes, and rivers. Even
authoritative sources often vary slightly in their informa-
tion. Population information can be even more difficult
to determine accurately, as many countries do not mea-
Geodata.book Page ix Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIAx
Pref ace
sure this scientifically and on a regular basis. While basic
population statistics are present in every entry, detailed
tables and other breakdowns are present only in those
entries for which accurate and reasonably current infor-
mation was available.
It is common for a single geographical feature or
country to be called by many different names, depending
on the source and context. In Geo-Data we have
attempted to use the names that will be most familiar to
the majority of our readers. These are most commonly
English-language names, but widely used names in other
languages and names which have no English equivalent
also appear frequently. In addition, the reader will often
find alternative names for the same feature given in
parentheses after it is first mentioned in the text.
In the case of country and dependency names, the edi-
tors have again opted for using the most easily recognized
versions of their names. Thus the reader will find Brazil
under B, not under F for Federative Republic of Brazil or R
for República Federative do Brasil. Full, formal, names are
used with the two Congos and the two Koreas, but these
countries still appear under C and K, respectively.
When discussing geography it is impossible to avoid
controversy. There are many regions around the world
whose ownership is disputed, sometimes violently.
Although Gale does not support or seek to legitimize the
views of any of the parties of these disputes, for the sake
of completeness it was necessary to include these dis-
puted regions in one entry or another. The editors have
chosen to discuss disputed regions within the entries of
the countries that physically control them, while at the
same time carefully noting in those entries that the
region is claimed by other countries and its status is not
determined. Thus the West Bank can be found under
Israel, Jammu and Kashmir within the entries on India
and Pakistan, and Taiwan in its own separate entry.
How Each Profile is Organized
Geo-Data’s 207 entries are organized alphabetically.
All entries follow the same basic structure, beginning
with a collection of Key Facts. The purpose of the Key
Facts is to gather together in one easy to find place the
basic information about each country that readers most
often need. These facts always include a country’s: area
(total and ranked relative to other entries), location rela-
tive to the rest of the world, coordinates, border length
(overall and with individual countries), coastline length,
territorial seas, highest point, lowest point, population
(total and ranked relative to other entries), largest city,
and capital city. When available and applicable, the long-
est distances across the country, its longest river, and its
largest lake are also provided.
Following the Key Facts are eight rubrics. First, the
overall geography and geology of the country is described
in the Overview. Next, Mountains and Hills describes the
major elevations of the country. Inland Waterways then
describes the country’s lakes, rivers, and wetlands. The
Coast, Islands, and the Ocean gives information on the
bodies of water that border on the country, the country's
coasts, and its major islands. Climate and Vegetation
describes the country’s temperature and rainfall patterns,
as well as its forests, grasslands, deserts, and other ground
cover. Human Population outlines the major concentra-
tions of people in the country. Then Natural Resources
identifies the most important resources found within the
country. Finally, the Further Readings rubric gives an
interested reader suggestions on where to find more
information.
All eight rubrics appear in every entry, in the order
given above, making it easy to navigate within entries and
to compare information across countries. Entries are
written as a narrative, so the reader looking for the com-
plete picture on a country should find the entire entry an
enjoyable read. Rubrics are clearly denoted in the text,
however, so a reader looking for specific information can
find it easily. Throughout the text, major features are
identified by name, and their height, length, or other
dimensions are provided whenever possible, both in
imperial and metric units. Sidebars highlight particularly
unusual and interesting facts.
Geo-Data’s entries are greatly enhanced by their
maps. Every entry in the book includes a relief map.
These maps were created specifically for their entries and
give the user an extremely detailed view of the geography
they are reading about. Since they were created especially
for Geo-Data, the reader can be assured that all but the
smallest of features mentioned in the text also appear on
the map. In addition to the maps, most entries feature
one or two tables. These tables list the country's largest
cities and their populations and the country's provinces,
their capitals, area, and populations.
Additional Features
Readers looking for comparative information on the
world's most remarkable features will find the World
Rankings Appendix useful. The 19 tables in this section
include lists of the world’s tallest mountains by continent
and country; the world’s longest borders; the world’s
largest bays and gulfs; the world’s tallest volcanoes; the
world’s deepest oceans; and much more. Geo-Data’s
exhaustive subject index can help the reader find more
information in the text on these and other features. A
glossary is also provided, for those readers who are
unfamiliar with some of the terms used throughout the
book.
Acknowledgements
Earlier edition of Geo-Data were produced by George
Kurian and associates, and distributed by Gale. Gale
Geodata.book Page x Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA xi
P refa ce
thanks Mr. Kurian entrusting us with Geo-Data and
allowing us to continue his excellent work. Many assisted
Gale in producing Geo-Data, for which Gale thank’s
them. Eastword Publications, Inc., of Cleveland, OH,
contributed most of the research and writing required for
the book’s text and tables, as well as typesetting the book.
Their many contributors are acknowledged below, but
Gale would like to give special thanks to Eastword’s Susan
Gall. All maps appearing in Geo-Data were created by
XNR Productions of Madison, WI (Tanya Buckingham,
Jon Daugherity, Laura Exner, Paul Exner, Andy Grosvold,
Cory Johnson, Rob McCaleb, and Paula Robbins). Copy-
editing support was provided by Cathy Dybiec Holm,
John Krol, Christopher “Rollo” Romig, and Carrie Sny-
der. The index was prepared by Synapse Corporation of
Franktown, CO.
Contributors
T. Anne Dabb
Karen Ellicott
Susan Gall
Robert J. Groelsema, Ph.D.
Jim Henry
Jeneen Hobby, Ph.D.
Tara Hohne
Hendrick Isengingo
Sarah Kunz
David H. Long
Daniel Lucas
John McCoy
Edith Mirante
Christine Sciulli
Jeanne Marie Stumpf, Ph.D.
Michelle Tackla
Max White
Rosalie Wieder
We Welcome Your Suggestions
Gale appreciates your comments and suggestions. Please
direct all correspondence to:
Editor
Geo-Data: The World Geographical Encyclopedia
Gale Group
27500 Drake Rd.
Geodata.book Page xi Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 613
WORLD RANKINGS APPENDIX
Continents by area
Rank Continent Area (sq mi) Area (sq km)
1 Asia 17,139,445 44,391,162
2 Africa 11,677,239 30,244,049
3 North America 9,361,791 24,247,039
4 South America 6,880,706 17,821,029
5 Antarctica 5,500,000 14,245,000
6 Europe 3,997,929 10,345,636
7 Australia 2,967,909 7,686,884
Islands by area
All measurements are approximate
Rank Island Continent Body of water
Area
(sq mi)
Area
(sq km)
1 Greenland N. America Atlantic Ocean 840,000 2,175,600
2 New Guinea Oceania Pacific Ocean 305,000 790,000
3 Borneo Asia South China Sea 285,000 737,000
4 Madagascar Africa Indian Ocean 226,657 587,040
5 Baffin N. America Baffin Bay 196,000 507,000
6 Sumatra Asia Andaman Sea 164,000 425,000
7 Honshu Asia Pacific Ocean 88,000 228,000
8 Great Britain Europe North Sea 84,400 219,000
9 Victoria N. America Viscount Melville
Sound
83,900 217,000
10 Ellesmere N. America Arctic Ocean 75,800 196,000
11 Sulawesi (Celebes) Asia Celebes Sea 67,400 174,000
12 South Island (New
Zealand)
Oceania Pacific Ocean 58,200 151,000
13 Java Asia Indian Ocean 50,000 129,000
14 North Island (New
Zealand)
15 Newfoundland N. America Atlantic Ocean 42,000 109,000
16 Cuba N. America Caribbean Sea 40,500 105,000
17 Luzon Asia Pacific Ocean 40,400 105,000
18 Iceland Europe Atlantic Ocean 39,769 103,000
19 Mindanao Asia Pacific Ocean 36,500 94,600
20 Ireland Europe Atlantic Ocean 32,500 84,100
21 Hokkaido Asia Pacific Ocean 30,100 78,000
22 Sakhalin Asia Sea of Okhotsk 29,500 76,400
23 Hispaniola N. America Atlantic Ocean 29,200 75,600
24 Banks N. America Arctic Ocean 27,000 70,000
25 Sri Lanka Asia Indian Ocean 25,332 65,610
26 Tasmania Australia Indian Ocean 24,900 64,400
27 Devon N. America Baffin Bay 21,300 55,200
28 Novaya Zemlya Europe North Kara Sea 18,900 48,900
29 Grande de Tierra del
Fuego
S. America Atlantic Ocean 18,700 48,400
[continued]
30 Marajo S. America Atlantic Ocean 18,500 48,000
31 Alexander Antarctica Bellingshausen Sea 16,700 43,200
32 Axel Heiberg N. America Arctic Ocean 16,700 43,200
33 Melville N. America Viscount Melville
Sound
16,300 42,100
34 Southampton N. America Husdon Bay 15,900 41,200
35 West Spitsbergen Europe Arctic Ocean 15,300 39,500
36 New Britain Oceania Bismarck Sea 14,600 37,800
37 Taiwan Asia Pacific Ocean 13,892 35,980
38 Kyushu Asia Pacific Ocean 13,800 35,700
39 Hainan Asia South China Sea 13,100 34,000
40 Prince of Wales N. America Viscount Melville
Sound
12,900 33,300
41 Novaya Zemlya Europe Barents Sea 12,800 33,300
42 Vancouver N. America Pacific Ocean 12,100 31,300
43 Timor Asia Timor Sea 10,200 26,300
44 Sicily Europe Mediterranean 9,810 25,400
45 Somerset N. America Lancaster Sound 9,570 24,800
46 Sardinia Europe Mediterranean 9,190 23,800
47 Bananal S. America Araguaia River 7,720 20,000
48 Halmahera Asia Molucca Sea 6,950 18,000
49 Shikoku Asia Pacific Ocean 6,860 17,800
50 Ceram Asia Banda Sea 6,620 17,200
51 New Caledonia Oceania Coral Sea 6,470 16,700
52 Bathurst N. America Viscount Melville
Sound
6,190 16,000
53 Prince Patrick N. America Arctic Ocean 6,120 15,800
54 North East Land Europe Barents Sea 5,790 15,000
55 Flores Asia Flores Sea 5,520 14,300
56 Oktyabrskoy
Revolyutsii
Asia Arctic Ocean 5,470 14,170
57 Sumbawa Asia Indian Ocean 5,160 13,400
58 King William N. America Queen Maud Gulf 5,060 13,100
59 Samar Asia Pacific Ocean 5,050 13,100
60 Negros Asia Sulu Sea 4,900 12,700
61 Palawan Asia South China Sea 4,550 11,800
62 Kotelnyy Asia Arctic Ocean 4,500 11,700
63 Panay Asia Sulu Sea 4,450 11,500
64 Bangka Asia Java Sea 4,370 11,320
65 Ellef Ringnes N. America Arctic Ocean 4,360 11,300
66 Bolshevik Asia Arctic Ocean 4,350 11,270
67 Sumba Asia Indian Ocean 4,310 11,200
68 Bylot N. America Baffin Bay 4,270 11,100
69 Jamaica N. America Caribbean Sea 4,243 10,990
70 Dolak Asia Arafura Sea 4,160 10,800
71 Hawaii Oceania Pacific Ocean 4,040 10,500
72 Viti Levu Oceania Pacific Ocean 4,010 10,400
73 Cape Breton N. America Atlantic Ocean 3,980 10,300
[continued]
Islands by area
Area
(sq mi)
Area
(sq km)
Geodata.book Page 613 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA614
World Ra nking s Ap pendi x
74 Bougainville Oceania Pacific Ocean 3,880 10,000
75 Mindoro Asia South China Sea 3,760 9,730
76 Prince Charles N. America Foxe Basin 3,680 9,520
77 Kodiak N. America Pacific Ocean 3,670 9,510
78 Cyprus Asia Mediterranean 3,571 9,250
79 Komsomolets Asia Arctic Ocean 3,480 9,010
80 Buru Asia Banda Sea 3,470 9,000
81 Corsica Europe Mediterranean 3,370 8,720
82 Puerto Rico N. America Atlantic Ocean 3,350 8,680
83 New Ireland Oceania Pacific Ocean 3,340 8,650
84 Disco N. America Davis Strait 3,310 8,580
85 Chiloe S. America Pacific Ocean 3,240 8,390
86 Crete Europe Mediterranean 3,190 8,260
87 Anticosti N. America Gulf of St. Lawrence 3,070 7,940
88 Wrangel Asia Chukchi Sea 2,820 7,300
89 Leyte Asia Visayan Sea 2,780 7,210
90 Zealand Europe Baltic Sea 2,710 7,020
91 Cornwallis N. America Barrow Strait 2,700 7,000
92 Wellington S. America Trinidad Gulf 2,610 6,750
93 Iturup (Etorofu) Asia Pacific Ocean 2,600 6,720
94 Prince of Wales N. America Pacific Ocean 2,590 6,700
95 Graham N. America Pacific Ocean 2,460 6,360
96 East Falkland S. America Atlantic Ocean 2,440 6,310
97 Melville Asia Timor Sea 2,400 6,220
98 Novaya Sibir Asia East Siberian Sea 2,390 6,200
99 Kerguelen Antarctica Indian Ocean 2,320 6,000
100 Andros N. America Grand Bahama Bank 2,300 5,960
101 Prince Edward
Island
N. America Gulf of St. Lawrence 2,180 5,660
102 Bali Asia Indian Ocean 2,170 5,620
103 Guadalcanal Oceania Solomon Sea 2,170 5,630
104 Vanua Levu Oceania Pacific Ocean 2,140 5,530
105 Coats N. America Hudson Bay 2,120 5,500
106 Santa Ines S. America Pacific Ocean 2,120 5,500
107 Lombok Asia Indian Ocean 2,100 5,430
108 Chicagof N. America Gulf of Alaska 2,080 5,400
109 Madura Asia Java Sea 2,040 5,290
110 Amund Ringnes N. America Peary Channel 2,030 5,260
111 MacKenzie King
Island
N. America Hazen Strait 1,950 5,050
112 Edge Europe Barents Sea 1,940 5,030
113 Faddeyevskiy Asia Arctic Ocean 1,930 5,000
114 Espiritu Santo Asia Coral Sea 1,930 5,000
115 Caviana S. America Atlantic Ocean 1,920 4,970
116 Grande de Gurupa S. America Amazon River 1,880 4,860
117 Vendsyssel -Thy Europe Skagerrak 1,810 4,680
118 Malaita Oceania Pacific Ocean 1,750 4,530
119 Long N. America Atlantic Ocean 1,723 4,462
120 Kangaroo Australia Indian Ocean 1,680 4,350
121 West Falkland S. America Atlantic Ocean 1,680 4,350
122 Hoste S. America Pacific Ocean 1,590 4,110
123 Santa Isabel Oceania Pacific Ocean 1,550 4,010
124 Berkner Antarctica Weddell Sea 1,500 3,880
125 Isabela S. America Pacific Ocean 1,450 3,760
126 South Georgia S. America Atlantic Ocean 1,450 3,760
127 Euboea Europe Aegean Sea 1,410 3,650
128 Majorca Europe Mediterranean 1,400 3,630
129 Makira (San
Cristóbal)
130 Vaygach Europe Kara Sea 1,310 3,380
131 Adelaide Antarctica Bellingshausen Sea 1,270 3,300
132 Waigeo Asia Pacific Ocean 1,250 3,250
133 Kolguyev Europe Barents Sea 1,240 3,200
134 Riesco S. America Strait of Magellan 1,200 3,110
135 Gotland Europe Baltic Sea 1,160 3,000
136 Fyn Europe Baltic Sea 1,150 2,980
137 Zemlya Georga Europe Barents Sea 1,120 2,900
138 Zemlya Aleksandry Europe Barents Sea 1,080 2,800
139 Manitoulin N. America Lake Huron 1,068 2,766
140 Sarema Europe Baltic Sea 1,030 2,680
141 Magdalena S. America Moraleda Channel 998 2,580
142 Reunion Africa Indian Ocean 970 2,512
143 Navarino S. America Nassau Bay 955 2,470
144 Ross Antarctica Ross Sea 888 2,300
145 Clarence S. America Strait of Magellan 863 2,240
146 Hinn Europe Norwegian Sea 849 2,200
147 Bioko Africa Bight of Bonny 779 2,020
148 Charcot Antarctica Bellingshausen Sea 772 2,000
[continued]
Islands by area
Area
(sq mi)
Area
(sq km)
149 Tenerife Africa Atlantic Ocean 745 1,930
150 Mauritius Africa Indian Ocean 720 1,860
151 Skye Europe Sea of the Hebrides 643 1,670
152 Fuerte Ventura Africa Atlantic Ocean 642 1,663
153 Zanzibar Africa Indian Ocean 640 1,656
154 Lesbos Europe Aegean Sea 629 1,630
155 Gran Canaria Africa Atlantic Ocean 592 1,530
156 Mexiana S. America Atlantic Ocean 592 1,530
157 Sao Luis S. America Atlantic Ocean 465 1,200
158 Grande Comore Africa Indian Ocean 443 1,147
159 Sao Tiago Africa Atlantic Ocean 384 995
160 Pemba Africa Indian Ocean 380 984
161 Santa Cruz S. America Pacific Ocean 358 927
162 Margarita S. America Pacific Ocean 355 920
163 Dahlac Africa Red Sea 347 900
164 São Tomé Africa Gulf of Guinea 330 854
165 Lanzarote Africa Atlantic Ocean 302 782
166 Santo Antao Africa Atlantic Ocean 302 782
167 Madeira Africa Atlantic Ocean 286 741
168 La Palma Africa Atlantic Ocean 256 662
169 Fernandina S. America Pacific Ocean 253 655
170 Boa Vista Africa Atlantic Ocean 239 620
171 San Salvador S. America Pacific Ocean 199 515
172 Djerba Africa Gulf of Gabes 197 510
173 San Cristobal S. America Pacific Ocean 185 480
174 Fogo Africa Atlantic Ocean 184 476
175 Nzwani Africa Mozambique
Channel
164 424
176 Mayotte Africa Mozambique
Channel
144 374
Oceans and seas by area
All measurements are rounded to the nearest thousand
Rank Name
Area
(sq mi)
Area
(sq km)
1 Pacific Ocean 60,060,000 155,557,000
2 Atlantic Ocean 29,638,000 76,762,000
3 Indian Ocean 26,469,000 68,556,000
4 Southern Ocean 7,848,000 20,327,000
5 Arctic Ocean 5,427,000 14,056,000
6 Coral Sea 1,850,000 4,791,000
7 Arabian Sea 1,492,000 3,864,000
8 South China Sea (Nan Hai) 1,423,000 3,685,000
9 Weddell Sea 1,080,000 2,796,000
10 Caribbean Sea 1,063,000 2,753,000
11 Mediterranean Sea 971,000 2,515,000
12 Tasman Sea 900,000 2,331,000
13 Bering Sea 890,000 2,305,000
14 Bay of Bengal 839,000 2,173,000
15 Sea of Okhotsk 614,000 1,590,000
16 Gulf of Mexico 596,000 1,544,000
17 Gulf of Guinea 592,000 1,533,000
18 Barents Sea 542,000 1,405,000
19 Norwegian Sea 534,000 1,383,000
20 Gulf of Alaska 512,000 1,327,000
21 Hudson Bay 476,000 1,233,000
22 Greenland Sea 465,000 1,205,000
23 Bellinghausen Sea 430,000 1,110,000
24 Amundsen Sea 400,000 1,036,000
25 Arafura Sea 400,000 1,036,000
26 Philippine Sea 400,000 1,036,000
27 Sea of Japan 378,000 979,000
28 Mozambique Channel 376,000 975,000
29 Ross Sea 370,000 958,000
30 East Siberian Sea 361,000 936,000
31 Scotia Sea 347,000 900,000
32 Kara Sea 341,000 883,000
33 Labrador Sea 309,000 800,000
34 East China Sea (Dong Hai / Tung Hai) 290,000 752,000
35 Solomon Sea 278,000 720,000
36 Laptev Sea 270,000 700,000
[continued]
Islands by area
Area
(sq mi)
Area
(sq km)

Worl d R ankin gs A ppend ix
WorldRankings
37 Baffin Bay 268,000 695,000
38 Banda Sea 268,000 695,000
39 Drake Passage 240,000 620,000
40 Timor Sea 237,000 615,000
41 Andaman Sea 232,000 601,000
42 North Sea 232,000 601,000
43 Davis Strait 230,000 596,000
44 Chukchi Sea 225,000 582,000
45 Great Australian Bight 187,000 484,000
46 Beaufort Sea 184,000 476,000
47 Celebes Sea 182,000 472,000
48 Black Sea 178,000 461,000
49 Red Sea 175,000 453,000
50 Java Sea 167,000 433,000
51 Sulu Sea 162,000 420,000
52 Yellow Sea (Huang Hai) 161,000 417,000
53 Baltic Sea 147,000 382,000
54 Gulf of Carpentaria 120,000 310,000
55 Molucca Sea 119,000 307,000
56 Persian Gulf 93,000 241,000
57 Gulf of Thailand 92,000 239,000
58 Gulf of St. Lawrence 92,000 239,000
59 Bismarck Sea 87,000 225,000
60 Gulf of Aden 85,000 220,000
61 Makassar Strait 75,000 194,000
62 Ceram Sea 72,000 187,000
Bays, gulfs, inlets and passages by area
Rank Name Continent Country
Area
(sq mi)
Area
(sq km)
1 Bay of Bengal Asia India/Myanmar/Sri
Lanka
839,000 2,173,000
2 Gulf of Mexico N. America U.S.A./Cuba/Mexico 596,000 1,544,000
3 Gulf of Guinea Africa Cameroon/Nigeria/
Equatorial Guinea
592,000 1,533,000
4 Gulf of Alaska N. America U.S.A./Canada 512,000 1,327,000
5 Hudson Bay N. America Canada 476,000 1,233,000
6 Baffin Bay N. America Greenland/Canada 268,000 695,000
7 Great Australia
Bight
Australia Australia 187,000 484,000
8 Gulf of
Carpentaria
Australia Australia 120,000 310,000
9 Persian Gulf Asia Bahrain/Iran/Qatar/
Saudi Arabia/U.A.E.
93,000 240,000
10 Gulf of St.
Lawrence
N. America Canada 93,000 240,000
11 Gulf of Thailand Asia Cambodia/Thailand 92,000 239,000
12 Gulf of Aden Asia and Africa Somalia/Yemen 85,000 220,000
13 Gulf of Oman Asia Iran/U.A.E/Oman 70,000 181,000
14 Gulf of California N. America Mexico 62,000 161,000
15 Gulf of Tonkin Asia Vietnam/China 45,000 117,000
16 Gulf of Bothnia Europe Finland/Sweden 45,000 117,000
17 Bight of Benin Africa Benin 26,000 67,000
18 Strait of Malacca Asia Malaysia/Indonesia 25,000 65,000
19 Gulf of Boothia N. America Canada 23,000 60,000
20 Amundsen Gulf N. America Canada 23,000 60,000
21 Gulf of Finland Europe Finland/Estonia 12,000 30,000
Ocean trenches by depth
Rank Name Ocean Depth (ft) Depth (m)
1 Mariana Trench Pacific 38,635 11,784
2 Philippine Trench Pacific 37,720 11,505
3 Tonga Trench Pacific 37,166 11,336
4 Izu Trench Pacific 36,850 11,239
5 Kermadec Trench Pacific 34,728 10,592
[continued]
Oceans and seas by area
Rank Name
Area
(sq mi)
Area
(sq km)
6 Kuril Trench Pacific 34,678 10,577
7 New Britain Trench Pacific 31,657 9,655
8 Puerto Rico Trench Atlantic 31,037 9,466
9 Bonin Trench Pacific 29,816 9,094
10 Japan Trench Pacific 29,157 8,893
11 South Sandwich Trench Atlantic 28,406 8,664
12 Palau Trench Pacific 27,972 8,531
13 Peru-Chile Trench Pacific 27,687 8,445
14 Yap Trench Pacific 27,552 8,403
15 Aleutian Trench Pacific 26,775 8,166
16 Roanche Gap Atlantic 26,542 8,095
17 Cayman Trench Atlantic 26,519 8,088
18 New Hebrides Trench Pacific 25,971 7,921
19 Ryukyu Trench Pacific 25,597 7,807
20 Java Trench Indian 24,744 7,547
21 Diamantina Trench Indian 24,249 7,396
22 Mid America Trench Pacific 22,297 6,801
23 Brazil Basin Atlantic 22,274 6,794
24 Ob Trench Indian 21,785 6,644
25 Vema Trench Indian 19,482 5,942
26 Agulhas Basin Indian 19,380 5,911
27 Ionian Basin Mediterranean 17,306 5,278
28 Eurasia Basin Arctic 16,122 4,917
Rivers by length
Length
(mi)
Length
(km)
1 Nile Africa Egypt, Sudan, Uganda 4,160 6,693
2 Amazon S. America Brazil, Colombia, Peru,
Venezuela
3,900 6,280
3 Mississippi-
Missouri
N. America U.S.A. 3,860 6,211
4 Chang Jiang
(Yangtze or
Yangtse)
Asia China 3,434 5,525
5 Ob'-Irtysh Asia Kazakhstan, Russia 3,335 5,380
6 Paraná S. America Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay 3,030 4,870
7 Huang He
(Huang-ho
or Yellow)
Asia China 2,903 4,671
8 Irtysh Asia Kazakhstan, Russia 2,760 4,441
9 Lena Asia Russia 2,734 4,400
10 Amur Asia China, Russia 2,719 4,350
11 Congo (Zaire) Africa Angola, Dem. Rep. of the
Congo, Rep. of the
Congo
2,700 4,344
12 Mackenzie N. America Canada 2,635 4,290
13 Mekong Asia Cambodia, China, Laos,
Myanmar, Thailand,
Vietnam
2,600 4,200
14 Niger Africa Benin, Guinea, Mali, Niger,
Nigeria
2,594 4,184
15 Yenisey Asia Russia 2,566 4,129
16 Missouri N. America U.S.A. 2,466 3,968
17 Mississippi N. America U.S.A. 2,348 3,787
18 Volga Europe Russia 2,293 3,689
19 Ob' Asia Russia 2,270 3,650
20 Euphrates Asia Iraq, Syria, Turkey 2,235 3,596
21 Purus S. America Brazil, Peru 2,100 3,380
22 Madeira S. America Brazil 2,013 3,241
23 Lower
Tunguska
Asia Russia 2,000 3,220
24 Indus Asia Pakistan 1,988 3,200
25 São Francisco S. America Brazil 1,988 3,199
26 Yukon N. America Canada, U.S.A. 1,980 3,180
27 Rio Grande N. America Mexico, U.S.A. 1,885 3,034
28 Brahmaputra
(Jamuna)
Asia Bangladesh, China, India 1,800 2,900
29 Danube Europe Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Germany, Hungary,
Romania, Ukraine,
Slovakia, Yugoslavia
1,775 2,857
30 Salween Asia China, Myanmar 1,770 2,849
[continued]
Ocean trenches by depth
Rank Name Ocean Depth (ft) Depth (m)

31 Darling Australia Australia 1,702 2,739
32 Tocantins S. America Brazil 1,677 2,698
33 Nelson N. America Canada 1,660 2,671
34 Vilyuy Asia Russia 1,650 2,650
35 Zambezi Africa Angola, Mozambique,
Namibia, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
1,650 2,650
36 Murray Australia Australia 1,609 2,589
37 Paraguay S. America Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay 1,584 2,549
38 Amu Dar'ya Asia Afghanistan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
1,580 2,540
39 Kolyma Asia Russia 1,562 2,513
40 Ganges Asia Bangladesh, India 1,560 2,510
41 Ishim Asia Kazakhstan, Russia 1,520 2,450
42 Ural Asia Kazakhstan, Russia 1,510 2,430
43 Japurá S. America Brazil, Colombia 1,500 2,414
44 Arkansas N. America U.S.A. 1,460 2,350
45 Colorado N. America U.S.A. 1,450 2,330
46 Dnieper Europe Belarus, Russia, Ukraine 1,420 2,290
47 Negro S. America Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela 1,400 2,250
48 Ubangi Africa Central African Rep., Dem.
Rep. of the Congo, Rep.
of the Congo
1,400 2,253
49 Aldan Asia Russia 1,390 2,240
50 Columbia-
Snake
N. America Canada, U.S.A. 1,390 2,240
51 Syr Dar'ya Asia Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Uzbekistan
1,370 2,200
52 Araguaia S. America Brazil 1,366 2,198
53 Olenek Asia Russia 1,350 2,170
54 Irrawaddy Asia Myanmar 1,350 2,170
55 Kasai Africa Angola, Dem. Rep of the
Congo
1,338 2,153
56 Ohio-
Allegheny
N. America U.S.A. 1,310 2,109
57 Tarim Asia China 1,300 2,090
58 Orange Africa Lesotho, Namibia, South
Africa
1,300 2,090
59 Orinoco S. America Venezuela 1,281 2,061
60 Shabeelle Africa Ethiopia, Somalia 1,250 2,011
61 Xingu S. America Brazil 1,230 1,979
62 Columbia N. America Canada, U.S.A. 1,214 1,953
63 Mamoré S. America Bolivia 1,200 1,931
64 Tigris Asia Iraq, Turkey 1,180 1,900
65 Northern
Dvina
Europe Russia 1,160 1,870
66 Don Europe Russia 1,153 1,860
67 Angara Asia Russia 1,151 1,852
68 Kama Europe Russia 1,120 1,800
69 Indigirka Asia Russia 1,112 1,789
70 Pechora Europe Russia 1,112 1,789
71 Limpopo Africa Botswana, South Africa,
Mozambique
1,100 1,770
72 Salado S. America Argentina 1,110 1,770
73 Guaporé S. America Bolivia, Brazil 1,087 1,749
74 Tobol Asia Kazakhstan, Russia 1,042 1,677
75 Snake N. America U.S.A. 1,038 1,670
76 Red N. America U.S.A. 1,018 1,638
77 Sénégal Africa Guinea, Mali, Mauritania,
Senegal
1,015 1,663
78 Churchill N. America Canada 1,000 1,613
79 Jubba Africa Ethiopia, Somalia 1,000 1,613
80 Okavango Africa Angola, Botswana 1,000 1,613
81 Pilcomayo S. America Argentina, Bolivia,
Paraguay
1,000 1,613
82 Uruguay S. America Uruguay 1,000 1,613
83 Volta Africa Burkina Faso, Ghana 992 1,600
Rivers by length
Length
(mi)
Length
(km)
Rivers by drainage area
In thousands of sq mi and sq km. All measurements are approximate
Drainage
basin
(sq mi)
Drainage
basin
(sq km)
Venezuela
2,375 6,150
2 Congo (Zaire) Africa Angola, Dem. Rep. of
the Congo, Rep. of
the Congo
1,476 3,822
3 Nile Africa Egypt, Sudan 1,293 3,349
5 Paraná S. America Argentina, Brazil
Paraguay
1,197 3,100
6 Ob'-Irtysh Asia Kazakhstan, Russia 1,154 2,990
7 Yenisey Asia Russia 996 2,580
8 Lena Asia Russia 961 2,490
9 Niger Africa Benin, Guinea, Mali,
Niger, Nigeria
808 2,092
10 Amur (Hei-lung
chiang or
Heilong Jiang)
Asia China, Russia 716 1,855
11 Chang Jiang
(Yangtze or
Yangtse)
Asia China 705 1,827
12 Mackenzie N. America Canada 690 1,787
13 Saint Lawrence N. America Canada, U.S.A. 550 1,424
14 Volga Europe Russia 525 1,360
Namibia, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
514 1,331
16 Madeira S. America Brazil 463 1,200
17 Indus Asia Pakistan 450 1,165
18 Nelson N. America Canada 437 1,132
19 Shatt al-Arab* Asia Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey 427 1,105
20 Paraguay S. America Argentina, Paraguay 425 1,100
21 Murray Australia Australia 408 1,057
22 Negro (Guainía) S. America Brazil 386 1,000
23 Ganges Asia Bangladesh, India 368 952
24 Kasai Africa Angola, Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
349 904
25 Orinoco S. America Venezuela 340 880
26 Orange Africa Lesotho, Namibia,
South Africa
330 855
27 Yukon N. America Canada, U.S.A. 328 850
28 Para S. America Brazil 323 836
29 Danube Europe Austria, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Germany,
Hungary, Romania,
Ukraine, Slovakia,
Yugoslavia
315 816
30 Mekong Asia Cambodia, China, Laos,
Myanmar, Thailand,
Vietnam
313 811
32 Okavango Africa Angola, Botswana 303 78531
Salado N. America Argentina 309 800
33 Ubangi Africa Central African Rep.,
Dem. Rep. of the
Congo, Rep. of the
Congo
298 773
34 Huang He (Huang-
ho or Yellow)
Asia China 297 771
35 Ob' Asia Russia 295 765
36 Aldan Asia Russia 281 729
37 Shari Africa Cameroon, Chad 270 700
38 Columbia N. America Canada, U.S.A. 258 668
39 Kolyma Asia Russia 248 648
40 Colorado N. America Mexico, U.S.A. 247 640
41 São Francisco S. America Brazil 241 623
42 Guapore (Iténez) S. America Bolivia, Brazil 232 600
43 Brahmaputra Asia Bangladesh 224 580
44 Panjnad Asia India, Pakistan 206 533
45 Ohio-Allegheny N. America U.S.A. 204 528
46 Sungari Asia China 202 524
47 Kama Europe Russia 196 507
48 Dnieper Europe Belarus, Russia, Ukraine 195 504
49 Lower Tunguska Asia Russia 183 473
50 Tapajós S. America Brazil 179 463
51 Volta Africa Burkina Faso,
Ghana
154 398
52 Northern Dvina Europe Russia 138 357
*The Shatt al-Arab is the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers.

WorldRankings
Rivers by discharge rate
Rate River Continent Country
Discharge
rate (cu ft
per sec)
Discharge
rate (cu m
per sec)
Venezuela
6,180,000 175,000
2 Congo (Zaire) Africa Angola, Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
1,377,000 39,000
3 Negro (Guainía) S. America Brazil 1,236,000 35,000
4 Chang Jiang
(Yangtze or
Yangtse)
Asia China 1,137,000 32,190
5 Orinoco S. America Venezuela 890,000 25,200
6 Paraná S. America Argentina, Brazil,
Paraguay
809,000 22,900
7 Madeira S. America Brazil 770,000 21,800
8 Brahmaputra Asia Bangladesh, China,
India
678,000 19,200
9 Yenisey Asia Russia 622,000 17,600
10 Lena Asia Russia 586,000 16,600
12 Mekong Asia Cambodia, China,
Laos, Myanmar,
Thailand, Vietnam
501,000 14,200
13 Irrawaddy Asia Myanmar 447,000 12,660
14 Zhu (Pearl) Asia China 441,000 12,500
15 Ganges Asia Bangladesh, India 440,000 12,460
16 Ob'-Irtysh Asia Russia 438,000 12,400
17 St. Lawrence N. America Canada, U.S.A. 355,000 10,050
18 Salween Asia Myanmar 353,000 10,000
19 Kasai Africa Rep. of the Congo,
Dem. Rep. of the
Congo
351,000 9,951
20 Amur (Hei-lung
chiang or
Heilong Jiang)
Asia China, Russia 349,000 9,860
21 Mackenzie N. America Canada 316,000 8,940
22 Para S. America Brazil 305,000 8,630
23 Volga Europe Russia 285,000 8,060
24 Magdalena S. America Colombia 283,000 8,000
25 Ohio N. America U.S.A. 272,000 7,710
26 Solo Asia Indonesia 268,000 7,600
27 Ubangi Africa Central African Rep.,
Rep. of the Congo,
Dem. Rep. of the
Congo
265,000 7,500
Namibia, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
250,000 7,070
29 Caqueta S. America Brazil 247,000 7,000
31 Indus Asia Pakistan 235,000 6,640
32 Yukon N. America Canada, U.S.A. 223,000 6,310
33 Danube Europe Austria, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Germany,
Hungary, Romania,
Ukraine, Slovakia,
Yugoslavia
221,000 6,250
34 Araguaia S. America Brazil 217,000 6,140
35 Tapajos-Juruena S. America Brazil 212,000 6,000
36 Niger Africa Benin, Guinea, Mali,
Niger, Nigeria
201,000 5,700
37 Uruguay S. America Argentina, Brazil,
Uruguay
194,000 5,490
38 Columbia N. America Canada, U.S.A. 194,000 5,490
39 Branco S. America Brazil 191,000 5,400
40 Aldan Asia Russia 177,000 5,010
41 Putumayo S. America Brazil 177,000 5,010
42 Ob Asia Russia 174,000 4,920
43 Atrato S. America Colombia 173,000 4,900
44 Caroni S. America Venezuela 168,000 4,750
45 Ogooue Africa Gabon 165,000 4,670
46 Fly Asia Papua New Guinea 157,000 4,450
47 Paraguay S. America Argentina, Brazil,
Paraguay
155,000 4,400
48 Chindwin Asia Myanmar 141,000 4,000
48 Jurua S. America Brazil 141,000 4,000
48 Pechora Europe Russia 141,000 4,000
49 Northern Dvina Europe Russia 120,000 3,400
49 Fraser N. America Canada 120,000 3,400
50 Lower Tunguska Asia Russia 117,000 3,300
51 Kama Europe Russia 99,000 2,800
Lakes by area
Area
(sq mi)
Area
(sq km)
1 Caspian Sea Asia Azerbaijan, Iran,
Kazakhstan, Russia,
Turkmenistan
143,000 371,000
2 Superior N. America Canada, U.S.A. 31,820 82,732
3 Victoria Africa Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya 26,828 69,484
4 Aral Sea Asia Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan 24,900 64,500
5 Huron N. America Canada, U.S.A. 23,000 59,570
6 Michigan N. America U.S.A. 22,400 58,020
7 Tanganyika Africa Burundi, Dem. Republic
of the Congo, Tanzania,
Zambia
12,700 32,020
8 Baikal Asia Russia 12,160 31,500
9 Great Bear N. America Canada 12,095 31,328
10 Great Slave N. America Canada 11,030 28,570
11 Erie N. America Canada, U.S.A. 9,920 25,690
12 Winnipeg N. America Canada 9,420 24,390
13 Malawi Africa Malawi, Mozambique,
Tanzania,
8,680 22,490
14 Ontario N. America Canada, U.S.A. 7,440 19,240
15 Balkhash Asia Kazakhstan 7,030 18,200
16 Ladoga Russia Russia 7,000 18,130
17 Maracaibo S. America Venezuela 5,020 13,010
18 Chad Africa Cameroon, Chad, Niger,
Nigeria
4,000–
10,000
10,360–
25,900
19 Embalse del Río
Negro
S. America Uruguay 4,000 10,360
20 Patos S. America Brazil 3,920 10,153
21 Onega Europe Russia 3,750 9,720
22 Eyre Australia Australia 3,668 9,500
23 Volta Africa Ghana 3,276 8,485
24 Titicaca S. America Bolivia, Peru 3,200 8,288
25 Nicaragua S. America Nicaragua 3,150 8,160
26 Athabasca N. America Canada 3,060 7,940
27 Reindeer N. America Canada 2,570 6,650
28 Smallwood
Reservoir
29 Turkana (Rudolf) Africa Ethiopia, Kenya 2,473 6,405
30 Issyk Kul Asia Kyrgyzstan 2,360 6,100
31 Torrens Australia Australia 2,230 5,780
32 Albert Africa Dem. Republic of the
Congo, Uganda
2,160 5,590
33 Vanern Europe Sweden 2,160 5,580
34 Netilling N. America Canada 2,140 5,540
35 Winnipegosis N. America Canada 2,070 5,370
36 Nasser Africa Egypt, Sudan 2,026 5,248
37 Bangweulu Africa Zambia 1,930 5,000
38 Chott el Djerid Africa Tunisia 1,930 5,000
39 Urmia Asia Iran 1,879 4,868
40 Nipigon N. America Canada 1,870 4,850
41 Gairdner Australia Australia 1,840 4,770
42 Manitoba N. America Canada 1,800 4,660
43 Kyoga Africa Uganda 1,710 4,430
44 Khanka Asia China, Russia 1,700 4,400
45 Saimaa Europe Finland 1,700 4,403
46 Mweru Africa Dem. Republic of the
Congo
1,680 4,350
47 Great Salt N. America U.S.A. 1,680 4,350
48 Qinghai (Koko) Asia China 1,625 4,209
49 Woods N. America Canada 1,580 4,100
50 Taymyr Asia Russia 1,540 3,990
51 Nasser Africa Egypt 1,522 3,942
52 Orumiyeh Asia Iran 1,500 3,880
53 Dubawnt N. America Canada 1,480 3,830
54 Van Asia Turkey 1,430 3,710
55 Tana Africa Ethiopia 1,390 3,600
56 Peipus Europe Estonia, Russia 1,386 3,555
57 Uvs Asia Mongolia 1,300 3,366

Lakes by depth
Rank Lake Continent Country
Depth
(ft)
Depth
(m)
2 Tanganyika Africa Burundi, Tanzania, Dem.
Republic of the Congo,
Zambia
4,825 1,471
Kazakhstan, Russia,
Turkmenistan
3,363 1,025
4 Malawi Africa Malawi, Tanzania,
Mozambique
2,316 706
5 Issyk Kul Asia Kyrgyzstan 2,303 702
6 Great Slave N. America Canada 2,015 614
7 Matana Asia Indonesia 1,936 590
8 Crater N. America U.S.A. 1,932 589
9 Toba Asia Indonesia 1,736 529
10 Hornindals Europe Norway 1,686 514
11 Sarez Asia Tajikistan 1,657 505
12 Tahoe N. America U.S.A. 1,645 501
13 Chelan N. America U.S.A. 1,605 489
14 Kivu Africa Rwanda, Dem. Republic of
the Congo
1,575 480
15 Quesnel N. America Canada 1,560 475
16 Sals Europe Norway 1,522 464
17 Adams N. America Canada 1,500 457
18 Mjøsa Europe Norway 1,473 449
19 Manapuri Oceania New Zealand 1,453 443
20 Poso Asia Indonesia 1,444 440
21 Nahuel Huapi S. America Argentina 1,437 438
22 Dead Sea Asia Israel, Jordan 1,421 433
23 Tazawa Asia Japan 1,394 425
24 Great Bear N. America Canada 1,356 413
25 Como Europe Italy 1,352 412
26 Superior N. America Canada, U.S.A. 1,333 406
27 Hawea Asia New Zealand 1,286 392
28 Wakatipu Asia New Zealand 1,240 378
29 Suldals Europe Norway 1,234 376
30 Maggiore Europe Italy, Switzerland 1,221 372
31 Fyres Europe Norway 1,211 369
32 Chilko N. America Canada 1,200 366
33 Pend Oreille N. America U.S.A. 1,200 366
34 Shikotsu Asia Japan 1,191 363
35 Powell N. America Canada 1,174 358
36 Llanquihue S. America Chile 1,148 350
37 Garda Europe Italy 1,135 346
38 Towada Asia Japan 1,096 334
39 Wanaka Asia New Zealand 1,086 325
40 Bandak Europe Norway 1,066 325
41 Telestskoya Asia Russia 1,066 325
42 Eutsuk N. America Canada 1,060 323
43 Atitlan N. America Guatemala 1,050 320
44 Lunde Europe Norway 1,030 314
45 Geneva Europe France, Switzerland 1,017 310
46 Morar Europe Scotland 1,017 310
47 Kurile Asia Russia 1,004 306
48 Walker N. America U.S.A. 1,000 305
49 Titicaca S. America Bolivia, Peru 997 304
50 Argentino S. America Argentina 984 300
51 Iliamna N. America U.S.A. 980 299
52 Tyrifjorden Europe Norway 968 295
53 Lugano Europe Italy, Switzerland 945 288
54 Takla N. America Canada 941 287
55 Ohrid Europe Albania, Yugoslavia 938 286
56 Atlin N. America Canada 930 283
57 Nuyakuk N. America U.S.A. 930 283
58 Michigan N. America U.S.A. 923 285
59 Harrison N. America Canada 916 279
60 Te Anau Oceania New Zealand 906 276
Lakes by volume
Rank Lake Continent Country
Volume
(cu mi)
Volume
(cu km)
Kazakhstan, Russia,
Turkmenistan
18,882 78,707
3 Tanganyika Africa Burundi, Tanzania,
Democratic Republic of
the Congo, Zambia
4,391 18,304
4 Superior N. America Canada, USA 2,921 12,174
5 Malawi Africa Malawi, Tanzania,
Mozambique
1,473 6,140
6 Michigan N. America USA 1,169 4,874
7 Huron N. America Canada, USA 858 3,575
8 Victoria Africa Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda 604 2,518
9 Great Bear N. America Canada 550 2,292
10 Great Slave N. America Canada 542 2,258
11 Issyk Kul Asia Kyrgyzstan 420 1,725
12 Ontario N. America Canada, USA 369 1,539
13 Aral Sea Asia Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan 348 1,450
14 Ladoga Russia Russia 218 905
15 Titicaca S. America Bolivia, Peru 198 827
16 Erie N. America Canada, USA 111 462
17 Winnipeg N. America Canada 89 370
18 Hovsgol Asia Mongolia 88 367
19 Kivu Africa Rwanda Congo, Dem.
Republic of
80 333
20 Onega Europe Russia 70 285
21 Maracaibo S. America Venezuela 67 280
Glaciers, ice shelves, and related features, by area
Only named features are included in this list. All measurements are
approximate. Also note that glaciers and similar features can vary in size
over time.
Area
(sq mi)
Area
(sq km)
1 Antarctic Ice Shelf* Antarctica Antarctica 3,805,235–
4,619,957
9,855,570–
11,965,700
2 Greenland
Ice Sheet
N. America Greenland 659,087 1,707,038
3 Novaya Zemlya Ice
Sheet
Asia Russia 8,301–
9,112
21,500–
23,600
4 Prince of Wales Ice
Field
5 Mer de Glace
Agassiz
Europe Switzerland 6,216 16,100
6 Devon Island
Ice Cap
7 Southern Patagonian
Ice Field
S. America Argentina-Chile 5,019 13,000
8 Bering Glacier N. America U.S.A. 3,800 9,800
9 Austfonna Ice Cap Europe Svalbard
(dependency
of Norway)
3,248 8,413
10 Vatnajökull Ice Cap Europe Iceland 3,166–3,297 8,200–8,538
11 Akaioa Ice Cap N. America Canada 2,799 7,250
12 Malaspina Glacier** N. America U.S.A. 847–3,089 2,195–8,000
13 Barnes Ice Cap N. America Canada 2,292 5,935
14 Bering Glacier N. America Canada-U.S.A. 2,008 5,200
15 Axel Heiberg Island
Ice Cap
16 Northern Patagonian
Ice Field
S. America Argentina-Chile 1,622 4,200
17 Hubbard Glacier N. America U.S.A. 1,313 3,400
18 Olav V Land
Ice Field
Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
1,158 3,000
19 Kallstenius Ice Field N. America Greenland 1,050 2,720
20 Vestfonna Ice Cap Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
967 2,505
21 Juneau Icefield N. America U.S.A. 703 1,820
22 Skeidararjökull Europe Iceland 665 1,722
23 Asgardfonna
Ice Cap
Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
635 1,645
24 Edgeoyjokulen
Ice Cap
Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
512 1,300
[continued]

WorldRankings
25 Breidamerkurujökull Europe Iceland 489 1,266.5
26 Glacier Bruggen
(Pio XI)
S. America Argentina-Chile 488 1,265
27 Hinlopenbreen Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
482–483 1,248–1,250
28 Negribreen Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
456 1,180
29 Brasvellbreen Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
448 1,160
30 Etonbreen Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
413–440 1,070–1,140
31 Columbia Glacier N. America U.S.A. 422–425 1,093–1,100
32 Siachen Glacier Asia India-Pakistan 386 1,000
33 Langjökull Europe Iceland 368 953
34 Leighbreen Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
357 925
35 Holtedahlfonna and
Isachsenfonna
Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
347 900
36 Fedchenko Glacier Asia Tajikistan 347 900
37 Nabesna Glacier N. America U.S.A. 316 819
38 Jostedalsbreen Europe Norway 315 815
39 Kvitoyjokulen Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
272 705
40 Stonebreen Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
270 700
41 Myrdals Glacier Europe Iceland 268.3 695
42 Kronebreen Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
267.5 693
43 Taku Glacier Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
259 671
44 Hochstetterbreen
Glacier
Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
224.3 581
45 Kahiltna Glacier N. America U.S.A. 223.9 580
46 Barentsjokulen Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
220 571
47 Kennicott Glacier N. America U.S.A. 213 551
48 Shokalsky Glacier Asia Kazakhstan-
Kyrgyzstan
210.4 545
49 Balderfonna Europe Svalbard
(Norway)
209.7 543
50 Baird Glacier N. America U.S.A. 205 532
51 Muldrow Glacier N. America U.S.A. 199 516
52 Baltoro Glacier Asia Pakistan 70 181
53 Aletsch Glacier Europe Switzerland 66 171
* Antarctic glaciers are difficult, if not impossible, to list by their surface area, because
Antarctica is an effectively continuous ice mass and there is no easy way to determine
the boundaries of a given glacier.
** Scientists do not agree on the size of this glacier; area measurements reported reflect
the range of research findings as of 2002.
Glaciers, ice shelves, and related features, by area
Only named features are included in this list. All measurements are
approximate. Also note that glaciers and similar features can vary in size
over time.
Area
(sq mi)
Area
(sq km)
Deserts by area
Area
(sq mi)
Area
(sq km)
1 Sahara Africa Algeria, Chad, Egypt,
Libya, Mali,
Mauritania,
Morocco, Niger,
Sudan, and
Tunisia
3,475,000 9,000,000
2 Arabian* Asia Saudi Arabia,
Kuwait, Qatar, the
United Arab
Emirates, Oman,
Yemen, Jordan,
Syria, Iraq
900,000 2,330,000
3 Gobi Asia China, Mongolia 500,000 1,300,000
4 Kalahari Africa Botswana, Namibia,
South Africa
360,000 930,000
5 Great Victoria Australia Australia 134,652 348,750
6 Taklimakan
(Takla Makan)
Asia China 125,000 320,000
7 Sonoran N. America United States of
America, Mexico
120,000 310,000
8 Kara-Kum Asia Kazakhstan,
Turkmenistan
115,830 300,000
9 Kyzyl Kum Asia Kazakhstan,
Uzbekistan
115,000 297,850
10 Namib Africa Namibia, South
Africa
110,000 285,000
11 Great Sandy Australia Australia 103,185 267,250
12 Somali Africa Somalia 100,000 260,000
13 Thar Asia India, Pakistan 90,000 233,000
14 Tanami Australia Australia 71,235 184,500
15 Atacama S. America Chile, Peru 70,000 180,000
16 Simpson Australia Australia 68,150 176,500
17 Gibson Australia Australia 60,230 156,000
18 Little Sandy Australia Australia 43,050 111,500
* Two deserts are commonly referred to by this name. This entry refers to the deserts of
the Arabian Peninsula and not the Arabian Desert of Egypt, which is part of the
Sahara.
Mountain peaks by height and continent
All measurements are approximate. Note that many mountains have multiple
peaks, which will appear separately in the table.
Rank Name Country
Elevation
(ft)
Elevation
(m)
Africa
1 Kibo (Mt. Kilimanjaro) Tanzania 19,340 5,895
2 Mawensi (Mt. Kilimanjaro) Tanzania 17,100 5,210
3 Batian (Mt. Kenya) Kenya 17,058 5,203
4 Nelion (Mt. Kenya) Kenya 17,020 5,190
5 Margherita Peak (Mt. Stanley) Dem. Rep. of the Congo,
Uganda
16,756 5,110
6 Alexandra Peak (Mt. Stanley) Dem. Rep. of the Congo,
Uganda
16,700 5,094
7 Albert Peak (Mt. Stanley) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 16,690 5,090
8 Savoia Peak (Mt. Stanley) Uganda 16,330 4,981
9 Elena Peak (Mt. Stanley) Uganda 16,300 4,972
10 Elizabeth Peak (Mt. Stanley) Uganda 16,170 4,932
11 Phillip Peak (Mt. Stanley) Uganda 16,140 4,923
12 Moebius Peak (Mt. Stanley) Uganda 16,130 4,920
13 Vittorio Emanuele (Mt. Speke) Uganda 16,040 4,892
14 Ensonga (Mt. Speke) Uganda 15,960 4,868
15 Johnston (Mt. Speke) Uganda 15,860 4,834
16 Edward (Mt. Baker) Uganda 15,890 4,846
17 Umberto (Mt. Emin) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 15,740 4,798
18 Semper (Mt. Baker) Uganda 15,730 4,795
19 Kraepelin (Mt. Emin) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 15,720 4,791
20 Iolanda (Mt. Gessi) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 15,470 4,751
21 Bottego (Mt. Gesi) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 15,418 4,699
22 Sella (Mt. Luigi) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 15,178 4,626
23 Ras Deshen Ethiopia 15,157 4,620
24 Weismann (Mt. Luigi) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 15,157 4,620
25 Okusoma (Mt. Luigi) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 15,020 4,578
[continued]

Antarctica
1 Vinson Antarctica 16,860 5,142
2 Tyree Antarctica 16,290 4,968
3 Shinn Antarctica 15,750 4,800
4 Gardner Antarctica 15,370 4,690
5 Epperly Antarctica 15,100 4,600
Asia
1 Everest (Zhumulangma Feng) Nepal, China 29,030 8,850
2 K2 China, Pakistan 28,251 8,611
3 Kanchenjunga India, Nepal 28,169 8,586
4 Lhotse China, Nepal 27,890 8,500
5 Makalu China, Nepal 27,824 8,481
6 Kanchenjunga, south peak India, Nepal 27,800 8,479
7 Kanchenjunga, west peak India, Nepal 27,620 8,424
8 Lhotse Shar China, Nepal 27,500 8,388
9 Dhaulagiri Nepal 26,813 8,172
10 Manslu Nepal 26,775 8,155
11 Cho Oyu China, Nepal 26,750 8,150
12 Nanga Parbat I Pakistan 26,660 8,130
13 Masherbrum I Pakistan 26,610 7,810
14 Annapurna I Nepal 26,500 8,080
15 Gasherbrum I Pakistan 26,470 8,070
16 Broad, highest peak Pakistan 26,400 8,050
17 Gasherbrum II Pakistan 26,360 8,030
18 Gosainthan China 26,290 8,010
19 Broad, middle peak Pakistan 26,250 8,000
20 Gasherbrum III Pakistan 26,090 7,950
21 Annapurna II Nepal 26,040 7,940
22 Gasherbrum IV Pakistan 26,000 7,930
23 Gyachung Kang China, Nepal 25,990 7,927
24 Nanga Parbat II Pakistan 25,950 7,910
25 Kangbachen India, Nepal 25,930 7,909
26 Manslu, east pinnacle Nepal 25,900 7,900
27 Distaghil Sar Pakistan 25,870 7,890
28 Nuptse Nepal 25,850 7,880
29 Himachuh Nepal 25,800 7,860
30 Khiangyang Kish Pakistan 25,760 7,850
31 Ngojumba Ri China, Nepal 25,720 7,847
32 Dakura Nepal 25,710 7,842
33 Masherbrum II Pakistan 25,660 7,826
34 Nanda Devi, west peak India 25,650 7,823
35 Nanga Parbat III Pakistan 25,650 7,823
36 Rakaposhi Pakistan 25,550 7,793
37 Batura Mustagh I Pakistan 25,540 7,790
38 GasherbrumV Pakistan 25,500 7,770
39 Kamet China, India 25,440 7,760
Europe
1 El'brus (Elborus), west peak Russia 18,481 5,633
2 El'brus (Elborus), east peak Russia 18,360 5,590
3 Shkhara Georgia, Russia 17,064 5,205
4 Dykh, west peak Russia 17,050 5,200
5 Dykh, east peak Russia 16,900 5,150
6 Koshtan Russia 16,880 5,148
7 Pushkina Russia 16,730 5,100
8 Kazbek, east peak Georgia 16,526 5,040
9 Dzhangi Georgia 16,520 5,039
10 Katyn Georgia, Russia 16,310 4,975
11 Shota Rustaveli Georgia, Russia 16,270 4,962
12 Mizhirgi, west peak Russia 16,170 4,932
13 Mizhirgi, east peak Russia 16,140 4,923
14 Kundyum-Mizhirgi Russia 16,010 4,880
15 Gestola Georgia, Russia 15,930 4,860
16 Tetnuld Georgia, Russia 15,920 4,850
17 Mont Blanc, main peak France, Italy 15,772 4,810
18 Dzhimariy Georgia 15,680 4,780
19 Adish Georgia, Russia 15,570 4,749
20 Courmayer (Mont Blanc) France, Italy 15,577 4,748
21 Ushba Georgia 15,450 4,710
North America
1 McKinley (Denali), south peak U.S.A. 20,323 6,194
2 Logan, central peak Canada 19,550 5,959
3 Logan, west peak Canada 19,470 5,930
4 McKinley (Denali), north peak U.S.A. 19,470 5,930
5 Logan, east peak Canada 19,420 5,920
6 Pico de Orizaba Mexico 18,701 5,700
[continued]
Rank Name Country
Elevation
(ft)
Elevation
(m)
7 Logan, north peak Canada 18,270 5,570
8 Saint Elias U.S.A., Canada 18,010 5,490
9 Popocatepetl Mexico 17,887 5,452
10 Foraker U.S.A. 17,400 5,300
11 Ixtacihuatl Mexico 17,342 5,286
12 Queen Canada 17,300 5,270
13 Lucania Canada 17,150 5,230
14 King Canada 16,970 5,170
15 Steele Canada 16,640 5,070
16 Bona U.S.A. 16,500 5,033
17 Blackburn, highest peak U.S.A. 16,390 5,000
18 Blackburn, southeast peak U.S.A. 16,290 4,968
19 Sanford U.S.A. 16,240 4,950
20 Wood Canada 15,880 4,840
Oceania
1 Puncak Jaya Indonesia 16,503 5,033
2 Daam Indonesia 16,150 4,926
3 Pilimsit Indonesia 15,750 4,800
4 Trikora Indonesia 15,580 4,752
5 Mandala Indonesia 15,420 4,700
6 Wisnumurti Indonesia 15,080 4,590
7 Yamin Indonesia 14,860 4,530
8 Wilhelm Papua New Guinea 14,793 4,509
9 Kubor Papua New Guinea 14,300 4,360
10 Herbert Papua New Guinea 14,000 4,270
South America
1 Aconcagua Argentina 22,835 6,960
2 Ojos del Salado, southeast peak Argentina, Chile 22,573 6,880
3 Bonete Argentina 22,550 6,870
4 Pissis Argentina 22,240 6,780
5 Mercedario Argentina 22,210 6,770
6 Huascarán, south peak Peru 22,204 6,768
7 Llullaillaco Argentina, Chile 22,100 6,730
8 Libertador Argentina 22,050 6,720
9 Ojos del Salado, northwest peak Argentina, Chile 22,050 6,720
10 Tupungato Argentina, Chile 21,900 6,670
11 Gonzalez, highest peak Argentina, Chile 21,850 6,664
12 Huascarán, north peak Peru 21,840 6,661
13 Muerto Argentina, Chile 21,820 6,655
14 Yerupaja, north peak Peru 21,760 6,630
15 Incahuasi Argentina, Chile 21,700 6,610
16 Galan Argentina 21,650 6,600
17 Tres Cruces Argentina, Chile 21,540 6,560
18 Gonzalez, north peak Argentina, Chile 21,490 6,550
19 Sajama Bolivia 21,463 6,542
20 Yerupaja, south peak Peru 21,380 6,510
21 Chimborazo Ecuador 20,681 6,267
Volcanoes by height
All measurements are approximate.
Elevation
(ft)
Elevation
(m)
1 Tupungato S. America Chile 22,310 6,800
2 Tipas S. America Argentina 21,845 6,660
3 Cerro el Condor S. America Argentina 21,425 6,532
4 Antofallo S. America Argentina 20,008 6,100
5 Guallatiri S. America Chile 19,882 6,060
6 Lascar S. America Chile 19,652 5,990
7 Cotopaxi S. America Ecuador 19,344 5,896
8 Kilimanjaro Africa Tanzania 19,341 5,895
9 El Misti S. America Peru 19,031 5,801
10 Pico de Orizaba N. America Mexico 18,702 5,700
11 Tolima S. America Colombia 18,425 5,616
12 Popocatépetl N. America Mexico 17,887 5,450
13 Yucamani S. America Peru 17,860 5,444
14 Sangay S. America Ecuador 17,159 5,230
15 Tungurahua S. America Ecuador 16,684 5,085
16 Cotacachi S. America Ecuador 16,250 4,939
17 Purace S. America Colombia 15,604 4,756
[continued]
Rank Name Country
Elevation
(ft)
Elevation
(m)

WorldRankings
18 Klyuchevskaya Asia Russia 15,584 4,750
19 Kronotskaya Asia Russia 15,580 4,749
20 Shiveluch Asia Russia 15,580 4,749
21 Pichincha S. America Ecuador 15,173 4,625
22 Karasimbi Africa Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
14,873 4,507
23 Rainier N. America USA 14,410 4,395
24 Wrangell N. America USA (Alaska) 14,163 4,317
25 Colima N. America Mexico 13,993 4,265
26 Tajumulco N. America Guatemala 13,845 4,220
27 Mauna Kea Oceania USA (Hawaii) 13,796 4,205
28 Mauna Loa Oceania USA (Hawaii) 13,680 4,170
29 Cameroon Africa Cameroon 13,353 4,070
30 Tacana N. America Guatemala 13,300 4,053
31 Kerintji Asia Indonesia 12,483 3,805
32 Erebus Antarctica Antarctica 12,448 3,794
33 Fuji Asia Japan 12,388 3,776
34 Fuego N. America Guatemala 12,346 3,763
35 Agua N. America Guatemala 12,307 3,751
36 Rindjani Asia Indonesia 12,224 3,726
37 Pico de Teide Africa Spain (Canary
Is.)
12,198 3,718
38 Tolbachik Asia Russia 12,077 3,682
39 Semeru Asia Indonesia 12,060 3,676
40 Ichinskaya Asia Russia 11,800 3,621
41 Atitlan N. America Guatemala 11,650 3,551
42 Torbert N. America USA (Alaska) 11,450 3,480
43 Nyirangongo Africa Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
11,365 3,465
44 Kroyakskaya Asia Russia 11,336 3,456
45 Irazu S. America Costa Rica 11,260 3,432
46 Slamet Asia Indonesia 11,247 3,428
47 Spurr N. America USA (Alaska) 11,137 3,385
48 Lautaro S. America Chile 11,120 3,380
49 Sumbing Asia Indonesia 11,060 3,371
50 Raung Asia Indonesia 10,932 3,332
51 Etna Europe Italy 10,902 3,323
52 Baker N. America USA 10,778 3,285
53 Lassen N. America USA 10,492 3,187
54 Dempo Asia Indonesia 10,390 3,158
55 Sundoro Asia Indonesia 10,367 3,151
56 Agung Asia Indonesia 10,337 3,142
57 Prahu Asia Indonesia 10,285 3,137
58 Llaima S. America Chile 10,245 3,125
59 Redoubt N. America USA (Alaska) 10,197 3,108
60 Tjiremai Asia Indonesia 10,098 3,078
61 One-Take Asia Japan 10,056 3,067
62 Nyamulagira Africa Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
10,026 3,056
63 Iliamna N. America USA (Alaska) 10,016 3,053
64 Ardjuno-Welirang Asia Indonesia 9,968 3,038
65 San Pedro N. America Guatemala 9,902 3,020
66 Gede Asia Indonesia 9,705 2,958
67 Zhupanovsky Asia Russia 9,705 2,958
68 Apo Asia Philippines 9,692 2,954
69 Merapi Asia Indonesia 9,551 2,911
70 Marapi Asia Indonesia 9,479 2,891
71 Geureudong Asia Indonesia 9,459 2,885
72 Bezymianny Asia Russia 9,449 2,882
73 Shishaldin N. America USA (Alaska) 9,372 2,856
74 Tambora Asia Indonesia 9,350 2,850
75 Villarrica S. America Chile 9,318 2,840
76 Fogo Africa Cape Verde 9,281 2,829
77 Ruapehu Oceania New Zealand 9,175 2,796
78 Peuetsagoe Asia Indonesia 9,115 2,780
79 Paricutin N. America Mexico 9,100 2,775
80 Big Ben Antarctica Heard Island
(dependency
of Australia)
9,006 2,745
81 Balbi Oceania Papua New
Guinea
8,999 2,743
82 Avachinskaya Asia Russia 8,987 2,741
83 Melbourne Antarctica Antarctica 8,957 2,732
84 Poas N. America Costa Rica 8,872 2,704
85 Papandajan Asia Indonesia 8,744 2,665
86 Piton de la
Faournaise
Africa Reunion
(dependency
of France)
8,626 2,631
[continued]
Volcanoes by height
Elevation
(ft)
Elevation
(m)
87 Pacaya N. America Guatemala 8,367 2,552
88 Mt. St. Helens N. America USA 8,366 2,550
89 Asama Asia Japan 8,300 2,530
90 Pavlof N. America USA (Alaska) 8,261 2,518
91 Veniaminof N. America USA (Alaska) 8,220 2,507
92 Mayon Asia Philippines 8,077 2,462
93 Sinabung Asia Indonesia 8,066 2,460
94 Yake Dake Asia Japan 8,049 2,455
95 Tandikat Asia Indonesia 7,993 2,438
96 Canalaon Asia Philippines 7,984 2,435
97 Shoshuenco S. America Chile 7,941 2,422
98 Idjen Asia Indonesia 7,823 2,386
99 Izalco N. America El Salvador 7,828 2,386
100 Karthala Africa Comoros 7,746 2,361
101 Alaid Asia Russia 7,669 2,339
102 Bromo Asia Indonesia 7,636 2,329
103 Griggs N. America USA (Alaska) 7,597 2,317
104 Ulawun Oceania Papua New
Guinea
7,546 2,300
105 Sibajak Asia Indonesia 7,541 2,300
106 Ngauruhoe Oceania New Zealand 7,515 2,291
107 Beerenberg Europe Jan Mayen Is.
(dependency
of Norway)
7,470 2,277
108 Guntur Asia Indonesia 7,377 2,249
109 Bamus Oceania Papua New
Guinea
7,338 2,248
110 Puyehue S. America Chile 7,331 2,236
111 Chokai Asia Japan 7,314 2,229
112 Butak Petarangan Asia Indonesia 7,285 2,222
113 Galunggung Asia Indonesia 7,113 2,168
114 Mageik N. America USA (Alaska) 7,098 2,165
115 Douglas N. America USA (Alaska) 7,016 2,140
116 Amburombu Asia Indonesia 6,964 2,124
117 San Miguel N. America El Salvador 6,957 2,120
118 Tokachi Asia Japan 6,814 2,077
119 Chiginagak N. America USA (Alaska) 6,777 2,067
120 Azuma Asia Japan 6,775 2,065
121 Queen Mary's
Peak
Africa Tristan da
Cunha
(dependency
of the United
Kingdom)
6,760 2,060
122 Katmai N. America USA (Alaska) 6,715 2,047
123 Kukak N. America USA (Alaska) 6,688 2,040
124 Makushin N. America USA (Alaska) 6,678 2,035
125 Calbuco S. America Chile 6,567 2,003
126 Pogromni N. America USA (Alaska) 6,564 2,002
127 Niigata Yakeyama Asia Japan 6,557 2,000
128 Tongariro Oceania New Zealand 6,516 1,986
129 Zheltovskaya Asia Russia 6,403 1,953
130 Kaba Asia Indonesia 6,400 1,952
131 Sangeang Api Asia Indonesia 6,390 1,949
132 Nasu Asia Japan 6,289 1,917
133 Rincon de la Vieja S. America Costa Rica 6,282 1,916
134 Hudson S. America Chile 6,246 1,905
135 Trident N. America USA (Alaska) 6,111 1,864
136 Awu Asia Indonesia 6,102 1,860
137 Martin N. America USA (Alaska) 6,098 1,860
138 Soputan Asia Indonesia 5,994 1,827
139 Tiatia Asia Russia 5,964 1,819
140 Manam Oceania Papua New
Guinea
5,925 1,807
141 Tanaga N. America USA (Alaska) 5,921 1,806
142 Siau Asia Indonesia 5,830 1,778
143 El Viejo (San
Cristobal)
N. America Nicaragua 5,721 1,745
144 Great Sitkin N. America USA (Alaska) 5,705 1,740
145 Kelud Asia Indonesia 5,679 1,731
146 Cleveland N. America USA (Alaska) 5,672 1,730
147 Batur Asia Indonesia 5,630 1,717
148 Askja Europe Iceland 4,954 1,510
149 La Soufriere N. America Guadeloupe
(dependency
of France)
4,813 1,467
150 Lopevi Oceania Vanuatu 4,744 1,447
151 Pelée N. America Martinique
(dependency
of France)
4,583 1,397
[continued]
Volcanoes by height
Elevation
(ft)
Elevation
(m)

152 Catarman Asia Philippines 4,367 1,332
153 Vesuvius Europe Italy 4,190 1,277
154 Soufrière S. America St. Vincent and
the
Grenadines
4,048 1,234
Waterfalls by height
All measurements are approximate. If a waterfall has multiple cascades they
are listed separately.
Height
(ft)
Height
(m)
1 Angel (upper falls) S. America Venezuela 2,648 807
2 Utigord Europe Norway 2,625 800
3 Monge Europe Norway 2,539 774
4 Mtarazi (Mutarazi) Africa Mozambique,
Zimbabwe
2,500 760
5 Itatinga S. America Brazil 2,060 628
6 Cuquenán (Kukenaam) S. America Guyana, Venezuela 2,000 610
7 Kahiwa N. America U.S.A. (Hawaii) 1,750 533
8 Tysse (Tusse) Europe Norway 1,749 533
9 Maradalsfos Europe Norway 1,696 517
10 Ribbon N. America U.S.A. 1,612 491
11 Roraima S. America Guyana 1,500 457
12 Della N. America Canada 1,445 440
13 Yosemite, Upper N. America U.S.A. 1,430 436
14 Gavarnie Europe France 1,385 422
15 Tugela (highest falls
in chain)
Africa South Africa 1,350 411
16 Krimml Europe Austria 1,250 380
17 Silver Strand N. America U.S.A. 1,170 357
18 Basaseachic N. America Mexico 1,020 311
19 Staubbach Europe Switzerland 980 299
20 Vettis Europe Norway 902 275
21 King George VI S. America Guyana 850 260
22 Wallaman Oceania Australia 850 260
23 Takakkaw N. America Canada 838 254
24 Hunlen N. America Canada 830 253
25 Jog (Gersoppa) Asia India 830 253
26 Skykje Europe Norway 820 250
27 Sutherland, Upper Oceania New Zealand 815 248
28 Sutherland, Middle Oceania New Zealand 751 229
29 Kaieteur S. America Guyana 741 226
30 Wollomombi Oceania Australia 726 220
31 Kalambo Africa Tanzania, Zambia 704 215
32 Fairy N. America U.S.A. 700 213
33 Feather N. America U.S.A. 640 195
34 Maletsunyane Africa Lesotho 630 192
35 Bridalveil N. America U.S.A. 620 189
36 Multnomah N. America U.S.A. 620 189
37 Panther N. America Canada 600 183
38 Voringfoss Europe Norway 597 182
39 Nevada N. America U.S.A. 594 181
40 Angel, Lower S. America Venezuela 564 172
41 Augrabies
(Aughrabies)
Africa South Africa 480 146
42 Tully Oceania Australia 450 137
43 Helmcken N. America Canada 450 137
44 Nachi Asia Japan 430 131
45 Tequendama S. America Colombia 427 130
46 Bridal Veil N. America Canada 400 122
47 Illilouette N. America U.S.A. 370 113
48 Yosemite, Lower N. America U.S.A. 320 98
49 Twin N. America Canada 260 80
Volcanoes by height
Elevation
(ft)
Elevation
(m)
Countries and selected dependencies, by area
Rank Country Continent
Area
(sq mi)
Area
(sq km)
Percent of
world land
area
1 Russia Asia/Europe 6,592,735 17,075,200 11
2 Antarctica Antarctica 5,405,000 14,000,000 9.4
3 Canada N. America 3,851,788 9,976,140 6.7
4 U.S.A. N. America 3,717,792 9,629,091 6.4
5 China Asia 3,705,386 9,596,960 6.4
6 Brazil S. America 3,286,470 8,511,965 5.7
7 Australia Australia 2,967,893 7,686,850 5.1
8 India Asia 1,269,338 3,287,590 2.3
9 Argentina S. America 1,072,157 2,776,890 1.9
10 Kazakhstan Asia 1,049,150 2,717,300 1.8
11 Sudan Africa 967,493 2,505,810 1.7
12 Algeria Africa 919,590 2,381,740 1.6
13 Congo, Dem. Rep.
of the
Africa 905,563 2,345,410 1.6
14 Greenland N. America 840,000 2,175,600 1.5
15 Mexico N. America 761,606 1,972,550 1.3
16 Saudi Arabia Asia 756,984 1,960,582 1.3
17 Indonesia Asia 741,096 1,919,440 1.3
18 Libya Africa 679,358 1,759,540 1.2
19 Iran Asia 636,293 1,648,000 1.1
20 Mongolia Asia 604,247 1,565,000 1.0
21 Peru S. America 496,223 1,285,220 0.9
22 Chad Africa 495,755 1,284,000 0.9
23 Niger Africa 489,189 1,267,000 0.8
24 Angola Africa 481,350 1,246,700 0.8
25 Mali Africa 478,764 1,240,000 0.8
26 South Africa Africa 471,008 1,219,912 0.8
27 Colombia S. America 439,733 1,138,910 0.8
28 Ethiopia Africa 435,184 1,127,127 0.8
29 Bolivia S. America 424,162 1,098,580 0.7
30 Mauritania Africa 397,953 1,030,700 0.7
31 Egypt Africa 386,660 1,001,450 0.7
32 Tanzania Africa 364,879 945,037 0.6
33 Nigeria Africa 356,667 923,768 0.6
34 Venezuela S. America 352,143 912,050 0.6
35 Namibia Africa 318,694 825,418 0.6
36 Pakistan Asia 310,401 803,940 0.5
37 Mozambique Africa 309,494 801,590 0.5
38 Turkey Asia 301,382 780,580 0.5
39 Chile S. America 292,258 756,950 0.5
40 Zambia Africa 290,584 752,614 0.5
41 Myanmar Asia 261,969 678,500 0.5
42 Afghanistan Asia 250,000 647,500 0.4
43 Somalia Africa 246,199 637,657 0.4
44 Central African
Republic
Africa 240,534 622,984 0.4
45 Ukraine Europe 233,089 603,700 0.4
46 Botswana Africa 231,803 600,370 0.4
47 Madagascar Africa 226,656 587,040 0.4
48 Kenya Africa 224,961 582,650 0.4
49 France Europe 211,208 547,030 0.4
50 Yemen Asia 203,849 527,970 0.4
51 Thailand Asia 198,455 514,000 0.3
52 Spain Europe 194,896 504,782 0.3
53 Turkmenistan Asia 188,455 488,100 0.3
54 Cameroon Africa 183,567 475,440 0.3
55 Papua New Guinea Oceania 178,703 462,840 0.3
56 Sweden Europe 173,731 449,964 0.3
57 Uzbekistan Asia 172,741 447,400 0.3
58 Morocco Africa 172,413 446,550 0.3
59 Iraq Asia 168,753 437,072 0.3
60 Paraguay S. America 157,046 406,750 0.3
61 Zimbabwe Africa 150,803 390,580 0.3
62 Japan Asia 145,882 377,835 0.3
63 Germany Europe 137,846 357,021 0.2
64 Congo, Rep. of Africa 132,047 342,000 0.2
65 Finland Europe 130,127 337,030 0.2
66 Malaysia Asia 127,316 329,750 0.2
67 Vietnam Asia 127,243 329,560 0.2
68 Norway Europe 125,181 324,220 0.2
69 Côte d’Ivoire Africa 124,502 322,460 0.2
70 Poland Europe 120,728 312,685 0.2
71 Italy Europe 116,305 301,230 0.2
72 Philippines Asia 115,830 300,000 0.2
73 Ecuador S. America 109,483 283,560 0.2
74 Burkina Faso Africa 105,869 274,200 0.2
75 New Zealand Oceania 103,737 268,680 0.2
76 Gabon Africa 103,347 267,667 0.2
[continued]

WorldRankings
77 Guinea Africa 94,926 245,857 0.2
78 United Kingdom Europe 94,525 244,820 0.2
79 Ghana Africa 92,100 238,540 0.2
80 Romania Europe 91,699 237,500 0.2
81 Laos Asia 91,428 236,800 0.2
82 Uganda Africa 91,135 236,040 0.2
83 Guyana S. America 83,000 214,970 0.1
84 Oman Asia 82,031 212,460 0.1
85 Belarus Europe 80,154 207,600 0.1
86 Kyrgyzstan Asia 76,640 198,500 0.1
87 Senegal Africa 75,749 196,190 0.1
88 Syria Asia 71,498 185,180 0.1
89 Cambodia Asia 69,900 181,040 0.1
90 Uruguay S. America 68,039 176,220 0.1
91 Tunisia Africa 63,170 163,610 0.1
92 Suriname S. America 63,039 163,270 0.1
93 Bangladesh Asia 55,598 144,000 0.1
94 Tajikistan Asia 55,251 143,100 0.1
95 Nepal Asia 54,363 140,800 0.1
96 Greece Europe 50,942 131,940 0.1
97 Nicaragua N. America 49,998 129,494 0.1
98 Eritrea Africa 46,842 121,320 0.1
99 Korea, North
(Democratic
People’s Republic
of)
Asia 46,540 120,540 0.1
100 Malawi Africa 45,745 118,480 0.1
101 Benin Africa 43,483 112,620 0.1
102 Honduras N. America 43,278 112,090 0.1
103 Liberia Africa 43,000 111,370 0.1
104 Bulgaria Europe 42,822 110,910 0.1
105 Cuba N. America 42,803 110,860 0.1
106 Guatemala N. America 42,042 108,890 0.1
107 Iceland Europe 39,769 103,000 0.1
108 Yugoslavia Europe 39,517 102,350 0.1
109 Korea, South
(Republic of)
Asia 38,023 98,480 0.1
110 Hungary Europe 35,919 93,030 0.1
111 Portugal Europe 35,672 92,391 0.1
112 Jordan Asia 35,637 92,300 0.1
113 French Guiana S. America 35,135 91,000 0.1
114 Azerbaijan Asia 33,436 86,600 0.1
115 Austria Europe 32,378 83,858 0.1
116 United Arab
Emirates
Asia 32,000 82,880 0.1
117 Czech Republic Europe 30,450 78,866 0.1
118 Panama N. America 30,193 78,200 0.1
119 Sierra Leone Africa 27,699 71,740 0.05
120 Ireland Europe 27,135 70,280 0.05
121 Georgia Asia 26,911 69,700 0.05
122 Sri Lanka Asia 25,332 65,610 0.04
123 Lithuania Europe 25,174 65,200 0.04
124 Latvia Europe 24,938 64,589 0.04
125 Togo Africa 21,925 56,785 0.04
126 Croatia Europe 21,831 56,542 0.04
127 Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Europe 19,741 51,129 0.03
128 Costa Rica N. America 19,730 51,100 0.03
129 Slovakia Europe 18,859 48,845 0.03
130 Dominican
Republic
N. America 18,815 48,730 0.03
131 Bhutan Asia 18,147 47,000 0.03
132 Estonia Europe 17,462 45,226 0.03
133 Denmark Europe 16,638 43,094 0.03
134 Netherlands Europe 16,033 41,526 0.03
135 Switzerland Europe 15,942 41,290 0.03
136 Guinea-Bissau Africa 13,946 36,120 0.02
137 Taiwan Asia 13,892 35,980 0.02
138 Moldova Europe 13,067 33,843 0.02
139 Belgium Europe 11,780 30,510 0.02
140 Lesotho Africa 11,720 30,355 0.02
141 Armenia Asia 11,506 29,800 0.02
142 Albania Europe 11,100 28,748 0.02
143 Solomon Islands Asia 10,985 28,450 0.02
144 Equatorial Guinea Africa 10,831 28,051 0.02
145 Burundi Africa 10,745 27,830 0.02
146 Haiti N. America 10,714 27,750 0.02
147 Rwanda Africa 10,169 26,338 0.02
[continued]
Area
(sq mi)
Area
(sq km)
Percent of
world land
area
148 Macedonia Europe 9,781 25,333 0.02
149 Belize N. America 8,867 22,966 0.02
150 Djibouti Africa 8,494 22,000 0.01
151 El Salvador N. America 8,124 21,040 0.01
152 Israel Asia 8,019 20,770 0.01
153 Slovenia Europe 7,820 20,253 0.01
154 Fiji Oceania 7,054 18,270 0.01
155 Kuwait Asia 6,880 17,820 0.01
156 Swaziland Africa 6,704 17,363 0.01
157 East Timor Asia 5,640 14,609 0.01
158 Bahamas N. America 5,382 13,940 0.01
159 Vanuatu Oceania 4,710 12,200 0.01
160 Qatar Asia 4,416 11,437 0.01
161 Gambia, The Africa 4,363 11,300 0.01
162 Jamaica N. America 4,243 10,990 0.01
163 Lebanon Asia 4,015 10,400 0.01
164 Cyprus Asia 3,571 9,250 0.01
165 Puerto Rico N. America 3,515 9,104 0.01
166 Brunei Asia 2,228 5,770 0.004
167 Trinidad and
Tobago
S. America 1,980 5,128 0.003
168 Cape Verde Africa 1,557 4,033 0.003
169 Samoa Oceania 1,104 2,860 0.002
170 Luxembourg Europe 998 2,586 0.002
171 Comoros Africa 838 2,170 0.001
172 Mauritius Africa 718 1,860 0.001
173 Guadeloupe N. America 687 1,780 0.001
174 Martinique N. America 425 1,100 0.0007
175 São Tomé and
Príncipe
Africa 386 1,001 0.0007
176 Netherlands Antilles N. America 371 960 0.0006
177 Dominica N. America 291 754 0.0005
178 Tonga Oceania 289 748 0.0005
179 Kiribati Oceania 277 717 0.0005
180 Micronesia Oceania 271 702 0.0005
181 Singapore Asia 250 647.5 0.0004
182 Bahrain Asia 239 620 0.0004
183 St. Lucia N. America 239 620 0.0004
184 Andorra Europe 181 468 0.0003
185 Palau Oceania 177 458 0.0003
186 Seychelles Africa 176 455 0.0003
187 Antigua and
Barbuda
N. America 171 442 0.0003
188 Barbados N. America 166 430 0.0003
189 Turks & Caicos
Islands
N. America 166 430 0.0003
190 Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines
N. America 150 389 0.0003
191 Virgin Islands N. America 136 352 0.0002
192 Grenada N. America 131 340 0.0002
193 Malta Europe 122 316 0.0002
194 Maldives Asia 115 300 0.0002
195 St. Kitts and Nevis N. America 101 261 0.0002
196 Cayman Islands N. America 100 259 0.0002
197 Aruba S. America 75 193 0.0001
198 Marshall Islands Oceania 70 181.3 0.0001
199 Liechtenstein Europe 62 160 0.0001
200 British Virgin
Islands
N. America 58 150 0.0001
201 Anguilla N. America 35 91 0.0001
202 San Marino Europe 24 61.2 --
203 Bermuda N. America 23 58.8 --
204 Tuvalu Oceania 10 26 --
205 Nauru Oceania 8.1 21 --
206 Monaco Europe 0.7 1.95 --
207 Vatican City Europe 0.17 0.44 --
Area
(sq mi)
Area
(sq km)
Percent of
world land
area

Countries and selected dependencies, by population
Population
(July 2001)
1 China Asia 1,273,111,290
2 India Asia 1,029,991,145
3 U.S.A. N. America 278,058,881
4 Indonesia Asia 228,437,870
5 Brazil S. America 174,468,575
6 Russia Asia/Europe 145,470,197
7 Pakistan Asia 144,616,639
8 Bangladesh Asia 131,269,860
9 Japan Asia 126,771,662
10 Nigeria Africa 126,635,626
11 Mexico N. America 101,879,171
12 Germany Europe 83,029,536
13 Philippines Asia 82,841,518
14 Vietnam Asia 79,939,014
15 Egypt Africa 69,536,644
16 Turkey Asia 66,493,970
17 Iran Asia 66,128,965
18 Ethiopia Africa 65,891,874
19 Thailand Asia 61,797,700
20 United Kingdom Europe 59,647,790
21 France Europe 59,551,227
22 Italy Europe 57,679,825
23 Congo, Democratic Republic of the
(Zaire)
Africa 53,624,718
24 Ukraine Europe 48,760,474
25 Korea, Republic of (South Korea) Asia 47,904,370
26 South Africa Africa 43,586,097
27 Myanmar Asia 41,994,678
28 Colombia S. America 40,349,388
29 Spain Europe 40,037,995
30 Poland Europe 38,633,912
31 Argentina S. America 37,384,816
32 Tanzania Africa 36,232,074
33 Sudan Africa 36,080,373
34 Algeria Africa 31,736,053
35 Canada N. America 31,592,805
36 Kenya Africa 30,765,916
37 Morocco Africa 30,645,305
38 Peru S. America 27,483,864
39 Afghanistan Asia 26,813,057
40 Nepal Asia 25,284,463
41 Uzbekistan Asia 25,155,064
42 Uganda Africa 23,985,712
43 Venezuela S. America 23,916,810
44 Iraq Asia 23,331,985
45 Saudi Arabia Asia 22,757,092
46 Taiwan Asia 22,370,461
47 Romania Europe 22,364,022
48 Malaysia Asia 22,229,040
49 Korea, Democratic People’s
Republic of (North Korea)
Asia 21,968,228
50 Ghana Africa 19,894,014
51 Sri Lanka Asia 19,408,635
52 Mozambique Africa 19,371,057
53 Australia Australia 19,357,594
54 Yemen Asia 18,078,035
55 Kazakstan Asia 16,731,303
56 Syria Asia 16,728,808
57 Côte d’Ivoire Africa 16,393,221
58 Madagascar Africa 15,982,563
59 Netherlands Europe 15,981,472
60 Cameroon Africa 15,906,500
61 Chile S. America 15,328,467
62 Ecuador S. America 13,183,978
63 Guatemala N. America 12,974,361
64 Cambodia Asia 12,491,501
65 Burkina Faso Africa 12,272,289
66 Zimbabwe Africa 11,365,366
67 Cuba N. America 11,184,023
68 Mali Africa 11,008,518
69 Yugoslavia Europe 10,677,290
70 Greece Europe 10,623,835
71 Malawi Africa 10,548,250
72 Angola Africa 10,366,031
73 Niger Africa 10,355,156
74 Belarus Europe 10,350,194
75 Senegal Africa 10,284,929
76 Czech Republic Europe 10,264,212
77 Belgium Europe 10,258,762
[continued]
78 Hungary Europe 10,106,017
79 Portugal Europe 10,066,253
80 Zambia Africa 9,770,199
81 Tunisia Africa 9,705,102
82 Sweden Europe 8,875,053
83 Dominican Republic N. America 8,581,477
84 Bolivia S. America 8,300,463
85 Austria Europe 8,150,835
86 Azerbaijan Asia 7,771,092
87 Bulgaria Europe 7,707,495
88 Guinea Africa 7,613,870
89 Somalia Africa 7,488,773
90 Rwanda Africa 7,312,756
91 Switzerland Europe 7,283,274
92 Chad Africa 7,114,400
93 Haiti N. America 6,964,549
94 Benin Africa 6,590,782
95 Tajikistan Asia 6,578,681
96 Honduras N. America 6,406,052
97 El Salvador N. America 6,237,662
98 Burundi Africa 6,223,897
99 Israel Asia 5,938,093
100 Paraguay S. America 5,734,139
101 Laos Asia 5,635,967
102 Sierra Leone Africa 5,426,618
103 Slovakia Europe 5,414,937
104 Denmark Europe 5,252,815
105 Libya Africa 5,240,599
106 Finland Europe 5,175,783
107 Jordan Asia 5,153,378
108 Togo Africa 5,153,088
109 Papua New Guinea Oceania 5,049,055
110 Georgia Asia 4,989,285
111 Nicaragua N. America 4,918,393
112 Kyrgyzstan Asia 4,753,003
113 Turkmenistan Asia 4,603,244
114 Norway Europe 4,503,440
115 Moldova Europe 4,431,570
116 Croatia Europe 4,334,142
117 Singapore Asia 4,300,419
118 Eritrea Africa 4,298,269
119 Puerto Rico N. America 3,937,316
120 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe 3,922,205
121 New Zealand Oceania 3,864,129
122 Ireland Europe 3,840,838
123 Costa Rica N. America 3,773,057
124 Lebanon Asia 3,627,774
125 Lithuania Europe 3,610,535
126 Central African Republic Africa 3,576,884
127 Albania Europe 3,510,484
128 Uruguay S. America 3,360,105
129 Armenia Europe 3,336,100
130 Congo, Republic of the Africa 3,258,400
131 Liberia Africa 3,225,837
132 Panama N. America 2,845,647
133 Mauritania Africa 2,747,312
134 Jamaica N. America 2,665,636
135 Mongolia Asia 2,654,999
136 Oman Asia 2,622,198
137 United Arab Emirates Asia 2,407,460
138 Latvia Europe 2,385,231
139 Lesotho Africa 2,177,062
140 Bhutan Asia 2,049,412
141 Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav
Republic of
Europe 2,046,209
142 Kuwait Asia 2,041,961
143 Slovenia Europe 1,930,132
144 Namibia Africa 1,797,677
145 Botswana Africa 1,586,119
146 Estonia Europe 1,423,316
147 Gambia, The Africa 1,411,205
148 Guinea-Bissau Africa 1,315,822
149 Gabon Africa 1,221,175
150 Mauritius Africa 1,189,825
151 Trinidad and Tobago S. America 1,169,682
152 Swaziland Africa 1,104,343
153 Fiji Oceania 844,330
154 East Timor Asia 779,567
155 Qatar Asia 769,152
[continued]
Population
(July 2001)

WorldRankings
156 Cyprus Asia 762,887
157 Guyana S. America 697,181
158 Bahrain Asia 645,361
159 Comoros Africa 596,202
160 Equatorial Guinea Africa 486,060
161 Solomon Islands Oceania 480,442
162 Djibouti Africa 460,700
163 Luxembourg Europe 442,972
164 Suriname S. America 433,998
165 Guadeloupe N. America 431,170
166 Martinique N. America 418,454
167 Cape Verde Africa 405,163
168 Malta Europe 394,583
169 Brunei Darussalam Asia 343,653
170 Maldives Asia 310,764
171 Bahamas, The N. America 297,852
172 Iceland Europe 277,906
173 Barbados N. America 275,330
174 Belize N. America 256,062
175 Netherlands Antilles N. America 212,226
176 Vanuatu Oceania 192,910
177 Samoa Oceania 179,058
178 French Guiana S. America 177,562
179 São Tomé and Príncipe Africa 165,034
180 Saint Lucia N. America 158,178
181 Micronesia, Federated States of Oceania 134,597
182 Virgin Islands, U.S. N. America 122,211
183 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines N. America 115,942
184 Tonga Oceania 104,227
185 Kiribati Oceania 94,149
186 Grenada N. America 89,227
187 Seychelles Africa 79,715
188 Marshall Islands Oceania 70,822
189 Dominica N. America 70,786
190 Aruba N. America 70,007
191 Andorra Europe 67,627
192 Antigua and Barbuda N. America 66,970
193 Bermuda N. America 63,503
194 Greenland Europe 56,352
195 Saint Kitts and Nevis N. America 38,756
196 Cayman Islands N. America 35,527
197 Liechtenstein Europe 32,528
198 Monaco Europe 31,842
199 San Marino Europe 27,336
200 British Virgin Islands N. America 20,812
201 Palau Oceania 19,092
202 Turks and Caicos Islands N. America 18,122
203 Anguilla N. America 12,132
204 Nauru Oceania 12,088
205 Tuvalu Oceania 10,991
206 Holy See Europe 890
207 Antarctica Antarctica 0
Countries and selected dependencies, by boundary length
Borders plus coastline
Rank Name
Total boundaries
(mi)
Total boundaries
(km)
1 Canada 156,949 252,684
2 Russia 35,743 57,614
3 Indonesia 35,718 57,490
4 Greenland 27,333 44,087
5 Australia 22,831 36,735
6 China 22,905 36,671
7 Philippines 22,499 36,289
8 United States 19,991 32,172
9 Japan 18,479 29,751
10 Norway 15,156 24,440
11 Brazil 13,752 22,182
12 India 13,084 21,103
13 Antarctica 11,230 17,968
14 New Zealand 9,404 15,134
15 Kazakstan 9,284 14,976
16 Greece 9,250 14,886
[continued]
Population
(July 2001)
17 Argentina 9,106 14,654
18 Mexico 8,617 13,868
19 United Kingdom 7,720 12,789
20 Chile 7,834 12,606
21 Congo, Democratic Republic of the
(Zaire)
6,684 10,781
22 Turkey 6,142 9,827
23 Italy 5,911 9,532
24 Colombia 5,758 9,212
25 Iran 5,355 8,620
26 Sudan 5,306 8,540
27 Venezuela 5,277 8,493
28 Mongolia 5,070 8,161.9
29 Vietnam 5,023 8,083
30 Thailand 5,022 8,082
31 Peru 4,491 7,950
32 Croatia 4,886 7,863
33 Pakistan 4,859 7,820
34 Myanmar 4,840 7,806
35 South Africa 4,686 7,548
36 Denmark 4,587 7,382
37 Malaysia 4,563 7,344
38 Algeria 4,553 7,341
39 Ukraine 4,576 7,340
40 Mali 4,661 7,243
41 Saudi Arabia 4,383 7,055
42 Mozambique 4,373 7,041
43 Spain 4,272 6,881.8
44 Angola 4,215 6,798
45 Bolivia 4,190 6,743
46 Uzbekistan 4,117 6,641
47 France 3,925 6,316
48 Libya 3,823 6,153
49 Micronesia, Federated States of 3,789 6,112
50 Germany 3,732 6,007
51 Papua New Guinea 3,711 5,972
52 Chad 3,700 5,968
53 Mauritania 3,622 5,828
54 Niger 3,540 5,697
55 Congo, Republic of the 3,518 5,673
56 Zambia 3,496 5,627
57 Afghanistan 3,428 5,529
58 Sweden 3,370 5,423
59 Namibia 3,373 5,396
60 Somalia 3,350 5,391
61 Solomon Islands 3,301 5,313
62 Ethiopia 3,300 5,311
63 Central African Republic 3,233 5,203
64 Laos 3,151 5,083
65 Eritrea 3,009 5,015
66 Egypt 3,109 5,014
67 Cameroon 3,095 4,993
68 Iceland 3,098 4,988
69 Nigeria 3,044 4,900
70 Madagascar 3,000 4,828
71 Tanzania 2,997 4,826
72 Bangladesh 2,995 4,820
73 Estonia 2,744 4,427
74 Ecuador 2,556 4,247
75 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic
of (North Korea)
2,590 4,168
76 Botswana 2,488 4,013
77 Kenya 2,473 3,982
78 Paraguay 2,436 3,920
79 Kyrgyzstan 2,410 3,878
80 Morocco 2,391 3,852.9
81 Finland 2,327 3,754
82 Turkmenistan 2,322 3,736
83 Cuba 2,316 3,735
84 Guinea 2,311 3,719
85 Iraq 2,291 3,689
86 Yemen 2,270 3,652
87 Tajikistan 2,264 3,651
88 Senegal 2,257 3,632
89 Bahamas, The 2,201 3,542
90 Oman 2,154 3,466
91 Gabon 2,135 3,436
92 Poland 2,099 3,379
[continued]
Rank Name
Total boundaries
(mi)
Total boundaries
(km)

93 Burkina Faso 1,983 3,192
94 Belarus 1,925 3,098
95 Zimbabwe 1,905 3,066
96 Honduras 1,894 3,050
97 Panama 1,892 3,045
98 Cambodia 1,873 3,015
99 Portugal 1,868 3,007
100 Nepal 1,818 2,926
101 Guyana 1,811 2,921
102 Malawi 1,789 2,881
103 Azerbaijan 1,751 2,813
104 Romania 1,698 2,733
105 Uganda 1,676 2,698
106 Korea, Republic of (South Korea) 1,656 2,651
107 Ghana 1,635 2,632
108 Tunisia 1,597 2,572
109 Austria 1,588 2,562
110 Vanuatu 1,567 2,528
111 Syria 1,520 2,446
112 Yugoslavia 1,520 2,445
113 Uruguay 1,381 2,224
114 United Arab Emirates 1,355 2,185
115 Liberia 1,345 2,164
116 Bulgaria 1,343 2,162
117 Nicaragua 1,330 2,141
118 Benin 1,308 2,110
119 Suriname 1,297 2,093
120 Haiti 1,268.7 2,046
121 Guatemala 1,251 2,017
122 Hungary 1,248 2,009
123 Costa Rica 1,204 1,929
124 Czech Republic 1,169 1,881
125 Switzerland 1,151 1,852
126 Ireland 1,124 1,808
127 Georgia 1,098 1,771
128 Togo 1,058 1,703
129 Latvia 1,043 1,681
130 Jordan 1,022 1,645
131 Taiwan 973 1,566
132 Dominican Republic 977 1,563
133 French Guiana 970 1,561
134 Palau 944 1,519
135 Bosnia and Herzegovina 919 1,479
136 Netherlands 918 1,478
137 Belgium 900 1,451
138 Moldova 864 1,389
139 Lithuania 850.4 1,372
140 Sierra Leone 250 1,360
141 Slovakia 842 1,355
142 Sri Lanka 833 1,340
143 Israel 795 1,279
144 Armenia 778 1,254
145 Slovenia 753 1,211.6
146 Kiribati 709 1,143
147 Fiji 702 1,129
148 Albania 672 1,082
149 Bhutan 668 1,075
150 Guinea-Bissau 667 1,074
151 Jamaica 634 1,022
152 Burundi 605 974
153 Cape Verde 598 965
154 Kuwait 598 963
155 Lesotho 565 909
156 Belize 559 902
157 Rwanda 555 893
158 El Salvador 530 852
159 Equatorial Guinea 517 835
160 Djibouti 511 822
161 Gambia, The 510 820
162 East Timor 492 792
163 Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav
Republic of
465 748
164 Lebanon 422 679
165 Cyprus 403 648
166 Maldives 400 644
167 Qatar 387 623
168 Brunei Darussalam 337 541
[continued]
Rank Name
Total boundaries
(mi)
Total boundaries
(km)
169 Swaziland 332 535
170 Côte d'Ivoire 2,254 515
171 Puerto Rico 311 501
172 Seychelles 305 491
173 Tonga 260 419
174 Samoa 250 403
175 Turks and Caicos Islands 241 389
176 Netherlands Antilles 232.33 374.2
177 Marshall Islands 230 370
178 Trinidad and Tobago 225 362
179 Luxembourg 221 356
180 Martinique 217 350
181 Comoros 211 340
182 Guadeloupe 197.4 316.2
183 Malta 157 253
184 São Tomé and Príncipe 130 209
185 Singapore 120 193
186 Virgin Islands 116.7 188
187 Mauritius 110 177
188 Cayman Islands 100 160
189 Saint Lucia 98 158
190 Antigua and Barbuda 95 153
191 Dominica 92 148
192 Saint Kitts and Nevis 84 135
193 Bahrain 78 126
194 Grenada 75 121
195 Andorra 74.6 120.3
196 Bermuda 64 103
197 Barbados 60 97
198 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 52 84
199 British Virgin Islands 50 80
200 Liechtenstein 47 76
201 Aruba 42.6 68.5
202 Anguilla 38 61
203 San Marino 24 39
204 Nauru 18.6 30
205 Tuvalu 15 24
206 Monaco 5.2 8.5
207 Vatican City 1.2 3.2
Rank Name
Total boundaries
(mi)
Total boundaries
(km)

WorldRankings
SELECTED SOURCES
The World Rankings tables in Geo-Data: The World Geographical Encyclopedia, 3rd ed. were based on a large num-
ber of sources. A key source of information for all of these tables are the country entries appearing elsewhere in the
book. Each of these entries has its own set of sources, and it would be impossible to list all of them here. However,
some sources which cover a large number of tables or were particularly useful are listed below.
Altai Republic Territory and Geography. http://www.altai-
republic.com/territory/resp_altay_eng.htm (accessed Sep-
tember 2002).
Atlas of Canada. http://atlas.gc.ca/site/english/ (accessed July–
August 2002).
AUGLIG: Geoscience Australia: Spatial Information for the
Nation. http://www.auslig.gov.au (accessed July–August
2002).
CIA World Factbook 2002. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publica-
tions/factbook (accessed July–August 2002).
Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. Country Stud-
ies. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/cshome.html#toc (accessed
July–August 2002).
Geo-Data: The World Geographical Encyclopedia, 2nd ed.
Detroit: Gale Research, 1989.
Hoelzle, M. and W. Haeberli. World Glacier Inventory. World
Glacier Monitoring Service and National Snow and Ice
Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology, Boulder,
CO, 1999. http://www.nsidc.org/data/glacier_inventory/
(accessed September 2002).
Internal Lake Environment Committee. LakeNet. http://
www.worldlakes.org (accessed July–August 2002).
The Living Desert: World Desert. http://www.livingdesert.com/
worlddes.htm (accessed July–August 2002).
Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Third Edition.
Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 1997.
Munro, David, ed. Oxford Dictionary of the World. New York:
Oxford University Press, 1995.
Peakware World Mountain Encyclopedia. http://www.peak-
ware.com/encyclopedia/index.htm (accessed September
2002).
River Systems of the World. http://www.rev.net/~aloe/river
(accessed July–August 2002).
United States Geological Survey. http://www.usgs.gov/
(accessed September 2002);
World Atlas. http://www.graphicmaps.com (accessed July–
August 2002).

GLOSSARY
Aboriginal Someone or something that is the first
or earliest known of its type in a country or region.
Acid rain Rain (or snow) that has become slightly
acid by mixing with industrial air pollution.
Alluvium Clay, silt, sand or gravel deposted by
running water such as a stream or river.
Alluvial plain Flatlands containing deposits of
alluvium.
Antarctic Relating to the southernmost part of the
Earth.
Aquatic Of or relating to the water, particularly the
animals and plants that live there.
Aqueduct A bridge-like structure that carries
water over obstacles, usually man-made.
Aquifer An underground layer of porous rock,
sand, or gravel that holds water.
Arable land Land that is naturally suitable for
cultivation by plowing and is used for growing crops.
Archipelago A group of islands, or a body of water
containing many islands.
Arctic Relating to the northernmost part of the
Earth, or anything that is frigidly and invariably cold.
Arid Extremely dry, particularly applied to regions
of low rainfall where non-irrigated agriculture is
impossible and there is little natural vegetation.
Artesian well A type of well where underground
pressure forces water to the surface.
Asphalt A substance containing high
concentrations of hydrocarbons that is found in
naturally occurring beds, and is also produced as a
by-product of petroleum refinining. Used in road
building.
Atmosphere The air surrounding the Earth’s
surface.
Atoll An island consisting of a strip or ring of coral
surrounding a central lagoon.
Avalanche A swift sliding of an accumulation of
snow or ice down a mountain.
Badlands Eroded and barren land.
Barren land Unproductive land, partly or entirely
treeless.
Barrier island An island formed by wave and tidal
action, oriented parallel to the shore and serving to
protect the shore from ocean wave action.
Barrier reef A coral reef that lies parallel to the
coast, often forming a lagoon along the shore.
Basalt Black or nearly black dense rock, usually
formed by the solidification or magma or from some
other high-temperature geological event.
Basin A depression on land or on the ocean floor.
Usually relatively broad and gently sloped, as
compared to a trench, canyon, or crater.
Bay An indented body of water surrounded by
land on three sides.
Bayou A stagnant or slow-moving body of water.
Beach Sediment deposited through the action of
waves and the process of erosion along the shoreline
of a large body of water.
Bedrock Solid rock lying under loose earth.
Biosphere All living organisms on Earth.
Bluff Elevated area with a broad, steep cliff face.
Bog Wet, soft, and spongy ground where the soil is
composed mainly of decayed or decaying vegetable
matter.

Gl ossar y
Bora A very cold wind blowing from the north in
the Adriatic Sea region.
Biome Ecological community of an area, such as
tropical rainforest or desert.
Broadleaf forest A forest composed mainly of
broadleaf (deciduous) trees, as opposed to a
coniferous forest.
Butte An elevated, flat-topped area, similar to but
smaller than a plateau or mesa.
Caldera A crater formed by the eruption of a
volcano.
Canal An artificial waterway, either to connect two
bodies of water or for irrigation.
Canyon A deep gorge cut by a river, usually found
in arid regions characterized by plateaus.
Cape A projection of land that extends away from
a landmass out into a body of water.
Catchment Area that collects water.
Cave Hollow places in the Earth produced by the
combined action of fracture of rock layers and the
eroding action of ground water.
Cay Low-lying island or reef, also called a Key.
Caucasus Region of southeast Europe between the
Black and Caspian seas.
Channel A narrow body of water that connects
two larger areas. An area where water flows through a
narrow restricted path.
Chapparal Dense, shrubby vegetation that grows
in regions with hot, dry summers and cooler winters,
such as in the southwest United States and northwest
Mexico.
Cliff A high, vertical face of rock.
Climate Weather conditions pertaining to a
specific area.
Coastal belt A coastal plain area of lowlands and
somewhat higher ridges that run parallel to the coast.
Coastal plain A fairly level area of land along the
coast of a land mass.
Coniferous forest A forest consisting mainly
evergreen trees such as pine, fir, and cypress trees.
Conifers Plants, mostly evergreen trees and
shrubs, that produce cones.
Continent One of the seven major land masses of
the Earth.
Continental climate A climate typical of the
interior of a continent. Particulars can vary widely
depending on the region, but in general areas with a
continental climate have greater variations in
temperature, both on a daily and seasonal basis, than
in areas with a maritime climate.
Continental divide The geographic line separating
the drainage basins of a continent.
Continental shelf A shallow submarine plain
extending from the coast of a continent coast into the
sea, and varying in width; typically ends in a steep
slope to the ocean floor.
Coral reef A ridge in the warm-water areas of the
ocean made up of the limestone and calcium deposits
of coral animals.
Cordillera A continuous ridge, range, or chain of
mountains.
Crater A bowl-shaped depression on the surface of
the Earth, generally with relatively deep, steep, sides.
The most common type of crater is a caldera, formed
by volcanic eruption.
Cultivable land Land that can be prepared by
plowing for the production of crops.
Cyclone A weather occurrence that involves the
wind blowing spirally around and in towards a center,
creating a powerful storm. In the northern
hemisphere, the cyclonic movement is usually
counter-clockwise, and in the southern hemisphere, it
is clockwise.
Dam A structure built across a river that restricts
its flow, causing a reservoir to form behind it. Dams
are often used to generate hydropower.
Deciduous forest A forest consisting of trees that
shed their leaves on a yearly basis (broadleaf) as
opposed to those (coniferous) that retain them.
Deciduous species Any species of tree or shrub
that sheds or casts off a part of itself after a definite
period of time, commonly used to describe trees that
lose their leaves on a yearly basis.
Deforestation The removal or clearing of a forest,
usually to enable the land to be used for another
purpose, such as agriculture or settlements.
Delta Triangular-shaped deposits of soil formed at
the mouths of large rivers. They are formed out of the
silt carried by the river, and have the effect of forcing
the river to split into distributary channels,
sometimes over a very wide area.
Density Number of units in a specific area.
Depression A point on the Earth’s surface that
forms a hollow, or that has sunken or fallen in. Any
place where the Earth's surface is lower than the
surrounding terrain.
Desert A dry land area with little precipitation and
sparse vegetation.
Desertification The process wherby land that
supports vegetation gradually becomes desert as a
result of climatic changes, land mismanagement, or
both.

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