2. ClickBiology
You should be able to:
• Identify and describe the structure of plant cells and animal cells,
and describe the functions of their parts.
• Describe the difference between animal cells and plant cells.
• Explain the structure and function of specialised cells: red blood cell,
muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells.
• Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples.
3. ClickBiology
A section through a liver cell (animal
cell):
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
DNA
controls what
enters and
leaves the cell
metabolic
(chemical)
reactions
occur here
contains the
DNA and so
controls the cell
contains the
coded
instructions to
make proteins
4. ClickBiology
Section through a palisade cell of a leaf
(plant cell)
cell membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm
chloroplast
large sap vacuole
cellulose cell wall
Site of
photosynthesis
Storage of
nutrients and
waste products.
Provides
protections and
support for cell
5. ClickBiology
You should be able to:
• Identify and describe the structure of plant cells and animal cells,
and describe the functions of their parts.
• Describe the difference between animal cells and plant cells.
• Explain the structure and function of specialised cells: red blood cell,
muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells.
• Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples.
6. ClickBiology
Comparing animal and plant cells
Found in both animal
and plant cells
Found only in plant
cells
cell membrane cellulose cell wall
nucleus large sap vacuole
cytoplasm chloroplast
7. ClickBiology
You should be able to:
• Identify and describe the structure of plant cells and animal cells,
and describe the functions of their parts.
• Describe the difference between animal cells and plant cells.
• Explain the structure and function of specialised cells: red blood cell,
muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells.
• Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples.
8. ClickBiology
Red blood cells transport oxygen
cell surface membrane cytoplasm contains
no nucleus
cytoplasm contains
haemoglobin
bi-concave disc shape
allows more room for
haemoglobin
increases surface area
over which absorption of
oxygen can occur
haemoglobin is a
protein which carries
the oxygen molecules
9. ClickBiology
Muscle cells contract and enable
movement of the body
nucleus
cell surface membrane
protein strands
The strands of protein
slide over each other
making the muscle cell
(fibre) shorter and causing
the muscle to contract
Muscle cells have
many nuclei
muscle
10. ClickBiology
Ciliated cells move bacteria and dust
away from the lungs
cilia
magnification X3000
nucleus
Cilia are small extensions of
the cell. They beat rhythmically
to sweep mucus, which has
trapped bacteria and dust,
away from the lungs
11. ClickBiology
Xylem vessels transport water and
minerals up the plant
xylem vessel
lignin
no cytoplasm
longitudinal sectioncross-section
water-proof and strong;
helps support the plant
hollow: allows for
continuous flow of water
and dissolved mineral
ions
xylem vessels are continuous tubes
12. ClickBiology
Root hair cells absorb minerals and
water from the soil
cytoplasm
contains no
chloroplasts as no
photosynthesis is
needed
root hair cell
increases surface area for absorption
of water and mineral ions
Cross-section of a root hair cell
cell membrane semi-permeable, so will
allow water and mineral
ions into the cell
13. ClickBiology
You should be able to:
• Identify and describe the structure of plant cells and animal cells,
and describe the functions of their parts.
• Describe the difference between animal cells and plant cells.
• Explain the structure and function of specialised cells: red blood cell,
muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells.
• Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples.
14. ClickBiology
A tissue is a group of cell of similar
structure that form a shared function
Animal tissues:
muscle tissue
nervous tissue
upper epidermal
tissue
palisade mesophyll
tissue
spongy mesophyll
tissue
lower epidermal
tissue
Tissues found in the leaf
Cross-section of a leaf
15. ClickBiology
An organ is a structure made of a
group of tissues working together to
perform specific functions
Plant organs include the stem and the leaves
heart
stomach
lungs liver
brain kidneys
16. ClickBiology
An organ system is a group of organs that
coordinate to perform related functions
In plants the shoot is an organ system consisting of leaves and the stem
lymphatic
system
respiratory
system
digestive
system
excretory
system
reproductive
system
muscular
system
skeletal
system
nervous
system
endocrine
system
circulatory
system
18. ClickBiology
Now you should be able to:
• Identify and describe the structure of plant cells and
animal cells, and describe the functions of their parts.
• Describe the difference between animal cells and plant
cells.
• Explain the structure and function of specialised cells:
red blood cell, muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels
and root hair cells.
• Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with
examples.
19. ClickBiology
Now write down everything you remember
• Don’t refer to your text book straight away, see
what information you have retained.
• Check the notes you have made by re-watching
the video or checking your book
Now you should be able to
Explain why many animals have a heart and circulation (a mass transport system)
And
Explain the importance of water as a solvent in transport, including its dipole nature.
