Frontiers In Remediation Innovation Balance Experience E Book Spreads

frontiers in
remediation

Innovation. Balance. Experience.

Imagine the result

For ARCADIS, everything begins with a passion to help clients achieve success. We focus on
understanding our clients’ most complex environmental challenges, and we generate value by
creating balanced solutions. It’s how we do business.
What sets us apart are our core principles of technical innovation and excellence in project
delivery. Our scientists and engineers are pushing frontiers in remediation by improving the
application of existing technologies or by developing next generation technologies.
What results can you expect? The best possible! While everyone is talking about closing sites and
turning liabilities into assets, we’re achieving it. We’ve got the track record to prove we translate
our global experience into execution.

Imagine the result.

frontiers in remediation frontiers in remediation

ARCADIS U.S., Inc.
630 Plaza Drive, Suite 100
Highlands Ranch, CO 80129
tel 720 344 3500

frontiers in
Suthan S. Suthersan, PhD, PE
suthan.suthersan@arcadis-us.com

Rula A. Deeb, PhD, BCEEM
rula.deeb@arcadis-us.com

Kurt A. Beil, PE
kurt.beil@arcadis-us.com

Denice Nelson, PhD, PE
denice.nelson@arcadis-us.com
remediation
Eric M. Nichols, PE
eric.nichols@arcadis-us.com

Carol S. Mowder, PE
carol.mowder@arcadis-us.com

Craig E. Divine, PhD, PG
craig.divine@arcadis-us.com

Scott T. Potter, PhD, PE
scott.potter@arcadis-us.com

Elisabeth L. Hawley, PE
elisabeth.hawley@arcadis-us.com

Karen Hohe Suchomel, PG
karen.hohesuchomel@arcadis-us.com
www.arcadis-us.com

© 2012 ARCADIS U.S., Inc. All Rights Reserved
While we believe the information presented in this document to be accurate, the information is not intended as legal or other
advice but, rather, as general information not specific to a particular project. You should always formally engage the services of a
lawyer or professional consultant of your choosing before taking action on matters referenced in this document.
Editing and editorial services: Chrissy Murphy (ARCADIS U.S., Inc., Newtown, PA), Rosario Varella (ARCADIS U.S., Inc., Emeryville, CA)
Design and layout: Andrew Lewandowski (ARCADIS U.S., Inc., Syracuse, NY)
Printing by: Eastwood Litho, Inc., 4020 New Court Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13206
Photo ©iStockphoto LP
Page 4 Innovation. Balance. Experience. Page 1


Case Studies

Case Case
Project Name COCs Technology Location Project Name COCs Technology Location
Study # Study #
Frontiers in Remediation: Sustainability by Design Pioneering Solutions: Large Diffuse Plumes
Artesian Treatment Vessels: A Sustainable In Situ Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination,
1 TCE Artesian Treatment Vessels Georgia Closure of a 3-Mile TCE Plume at Reese Air Force
Remediation System 11 TCE Directed Groundwater Recirculation, Texas
Base
Monitored Natural Attenuation
Sustainable Remediation: The Johnson Space
2 PCE, TCE, DCE, VC Mulch Biowall Barrier Texas
Center Mulch Biowall Project Leveraging Next Generation Characterization
12 TCE Bioremediation California
Techniques to Support Flux Focused Remediation
NAPL (crude oil, diesel, Hydrocarbon Recovery, Sustainable
3 Sustainable Approach to Product Recovery Confidential
gasoline) Remediation Use of Phytoremediation to Correct Groundwater
Phytoremediation, Permeable Reactive
13 Hydraulics Upgradient of a Permeable Reactive TCE Missouri
Frontiers in Geochemistry: Metals, Radionuclides and Inorganics Barrier
Barrier
In Situ Stabilization/Solidication,
4
Cost Effective Closure of a Former Chemical
Cadmium, Lead, Zinc Wetlands Construction, Soil Capping, Virginia
Pioneering Solutions: NAPL Management
Manufacturing Facility
Monitored Natural Attenuation Soil Vapor Extraction, Excavation,
Remediation of an 8-Acre Residual LNAPL Source LNAPL (gasoline, diesel), Groundwater Extraction and
In Situ Remediation of a Mixed Uranium and PCE 14 California
5 Uranium, PCE Anaerobic Bioremediation Southeastern US and an MTBE/TBA Plume BTEX, MTBE, TBA Treatment, Hydraulic Control,
Plume
Dewatering
Remedy Optimization to Achieve Site Closure at a
6 Uranium, Metals Thermal (ERH-VR) Confidential In Situ Soil Mixing with Zero Valent
Large Former Mill Tailing Site
In Situ Soil Mixing and Enhanced Reductive Iron and Clay, Enhanced Reductive
15 VOCs, DNAPL Missouri
Groundwater and Soil Remediation for Dechlorination for DNAPL Source Treatment Dechlorination, Monitored Natural
7 Chromium Bioremediation, Excavation Western US
Hexavalent Chromium Attenuation
Innovative and Sustainable Treatment of Metals Managing NAPL Seepage at the Pine Street
8 Metals Water Treatment Confidential 16 Coal Tar, PAHs, NAPL Reactive Cap Construction Vermont
Impacted Water in a Mine Pit Lake Canal Superfund Site
Biological Treatment of Mine Water Containing Ammonium, Nitrate, Excavation, Thermal Remediation
9 Biological Water Treatment South America Thermal Remediation of DNAPL at a Former PAHs, Chromium, Xylene,
Nitrogen Compounds, Sulfate and Metals Sulfate, Trace Metals 17 and Vapor Recovery, Engineered Cap Illinois
Bicycle Manufacturing Site Vinyl Chloride, TCE
In-Situ Bioremediation of Nitrate, Ammonia and Installation
Nitrate, Ammonia,
10 Chlorinated Solvents at a Fertilizer Manufacturing Bioremediation Georgia
CVOCs
Facility



Case Studies

Case Case
Study # Study #
Pioneering Solutions: Vapor Intrusion 27
Stabilization and Solidification to Address Coal
Coal Tar In Situ Stabilization/Solidification Minnesota
Tar Contamination
In Situ Reactive Zone, Air Sparge/Soil
Vapor Intrusion Assessment and Mitigation at a Vapor Extraction, Enhanced Reductive Hydraulic Containment (sheet pile wall,
18 PCE, TCE Indiana Minimizing Landfill Impacts on an Adjacent
Former Industrial Facility Dechlorination, In Situ Chemical 28 Metals interceptor trench), pH Adjustment, Michigan
Wetland
Oxidation Filtration
Base Activated Persulfate Oxidation of VOCs to CVOCs, BTEX, MIBK, In Situ Chemical Oxidation, Excavation Soil Vapor Extraction, Multi-Phase
19 Michigan VOCs, Ketones, Aromatic Extraction, Groundwater Extraction,
Meet Indoor Air Inhalation Criteria MEK and Stabilization 29 Active Bulk Terminal Remediation Minnesota
Hydrocarbons Treatment, Amendment and
Remediation of a Fractured Bedrock Aquifer Reinjection
20 TCA, DCE, TCE Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination Colorado
Impacted by Chlorinated Solvents
Development of Site-Specific Target Soil Pesticides
USEPA Applied Research Program: Assessing 30 Concentrations to Reduce Remediation Costs at (hexachlorocyclohexane, Excavation Florida
PCE, TCE, Chloroform, Research Program, Vapor Intrusion
21 Vapor Intrusion Temporal and Spatial Variability North Carolina a Pesticides Contaminated Site toxaphene, chlordane)
Radon Assessment
using Radon and Volatile Organic Compounds
VOCs, SVOCs, Arsenic,
Pioneering Solutions: Emerging Contaminants Excavation, Landfarming, Soil Vapor
31 Remediation of a Former Natural Gas Plant Site Lead, Mercury, PCBs, Kansas
Extraction, Biosparge, Air Sparge
Enhanced Sulfolane Removal using a Biological Produced Water/Brine
22 Sulfolane Biological GAC California
Granular Activated Carbon Treatment System 32 Produced Water Brine Plume Control Produced Water Groundwater Extraction Kansas
In Situ Chemical Oxidation to Remediate Fostering Innovation: Technology Development and Demonstration
23 an Industrial Site Contaminated with Tetrahydrofuran ISCO The Netherlands
Tetrahydrofuran Tailored Granular Activated Carbon Treatment of
33 Perchlorate, TCE Tailored Granular Activated Carbon California
Perchlorate in Drinking Water
Pioneering Solutions: Site Closure and Other Strategies
Comparison of Advanced Geophysical Sensors for Technology Development and
Thermal Remediation of a Former Dry Cleaner 34 Buried Munitions US
24 PCE, CVOCs Thermal (ERH) Illinois Classifying Buried Munitions Demonstration
Site
Advanced Ground Water Treatment Research
Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Landfarming, Monitored Natural 35 Program for Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Chromium Water Treatment Research Program California
25 Former Tank Battery Remediation Kansas
Produced Water/Brine Attenuation Drinking Water
In Situ Chemical Oxidation and Stabilization via Excavation, In Situ Chemical Oxidation, Alternative Endpoints for Groundwater
26 BTEX Georgia 36 Various Various US
Soil Mixing for BTEX Remediation Stabilization Remediation at Highly Complex Sites



Case Studies

Case Case
Study # Study #
Industry Leadership: Performance Based Remediation Frontiers in Remediation: Global Expertise
Petroleum Hydrocarbons, In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Carbon Disulfide
37 Remediation of a Retail Portfolio of 775 Sites Various US 45 Carbon Disulfide In Situ Chemical Oxidation United Kingdom
Fuel Oxygenates, LNAPL Treatment
CVOCs, Petroleum Cadmium, Arsenic, Lead,
Accelerating the CERCLA Process at 30 Areas of Xiawangang Canal Sediment Remediation Multiple Sediment Remediation
38 Hydrocarbons, Lead, Various Missouri 46 Mercury, Copper, PCBs, China
Concern at Lake City Army Ammunition Plant Project Technologies
Explosives Pesticides, PAHs
Soil Vapor Extraction, Enhanced Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination of a High
Performance Based Remediation of a Site 47 CVOCs Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination Belguim
39 PCE Reductive Dechlorination, In Well Massachusetts Concentration CVOC Plume
Impacted by PCE
Sparging Bioprecipitation of Hexavalent Chromium and
Chromium, VOCs,
SVOCs, 48 Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination of TCE in Bioremediation France
Plume Management Zone for Soil and Institutional Controls, Plume Petroleum Hydrocarbons
40 Methylnaphthalene, Texas Groundwater
Groundwater Semi-Volatile Exceedances Management Zone
Benzo(a)pyrene, TPH Petroleum Hydrocarbons,
49 Oil and Gas Well Site Reclamation Program Various Canada
Mass Flux Focused Remediation of a Chlorinated PCB, Arsenic, Mercury
41 CVOCs Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination California
Solvents Plume Safety First: Integrating Health and Safety into Remediation Projects
Building World Class Teams: Academic Partnerships Health and Safety: Time Critical Removal Action
50 Various Time Critical Removal Action California
Evaluating NAPL Source Longevity at Thermally Enhanced Extraction, in Arroyo with 30 Degree Slope
42 NAPL Arizona
Contaminated Sites Innovative Tools/Models
Development of USEPA Conceptual Model Vapor Intrusion Pathway 3-D
43 VOCs US
Scenarios for the Vapor Intrusion Pathway Modeling
Field Evaluation of Point Velocity Probes (PVPs), a
44 Arsenic, Lead Point Volicity Probes Carolina
New Groundwater Characterization Technology



frontiers in Frontiers in Remediation: Sustainability by Design
Recognizing that every project is directly linked to the global environment, we
continually invest in technologies, processes, products, and services that create and

remediation
maintain sustainability. We carefully consider the environmental impacts of site
cleanup activities to maximize net benefits by keeping in mind the triple bottom
line. To better support sustainable remedial decision making, we developed a
quantitative tool to evaluate individual metrics, such as energy, water, greenhouse
gas, and carbon as a whole, and aggregate this diverse set of relevant parameters
into a single unit of measurement. This proprietary tool, called The BalancE3™
Innovation. Balance. Experience. Tool, can support corporate goals in achieving social equity and economic
and environmental sustainability. To learn more about how we’ve integrated
sustainability in our remediation projects, see Case Studies 1 through 3.

Frontiers in Geochemistry: Metals, Radionuclides and Inorganics
At ARCADIS, our mission is to improve quality of life by providing sustainable solutions The multi-national community of talented scientists and engineers that staff
that enhance the built and natural environment. This enables us to produce exceptional our geochemistry practice provide unique expertise at sites impacted with
value for our clients, employees, shareholders, and society. To fulfill our mission, we strive metals, radionuclides, and non-metal inorganics. Based on advanced geochemical
to reach the delicate balance between the creative and the functional, the innovative and characterization methods and data evaluation techniques, our geochemists
the proven, ecology and economy, and between present needs and future legacy. have the ability to build accurate conceptual site models that support remedial
decision making. By employing a comprehensive understanding of biogeochemical
We envision a better world – then we engineer it. At ARCADIS, we are committed to leaving the systems, we have developed effective and sustainable solutions to our clients’
environment and the places we touch better than we found them. With this vision, we approach our most challenging problems as demonstrated in Case Studies 4 through 10.
work differently from other consultants – we’re the singular firm with the focus, local capabilities and
Pioneering Solutions
global expertise to meet our clients’ current and future needs. Ranked a top provider of environmental
Our technical experts change industry paradigms, patent innovative technologies, and
services by ENR, and with a track record of successful world-class projects, we have unparalleled
regularly author state-of-the-science articles, presentations, and books on cost-effective
resources, experience, and technical knowledge to follow through with our commitments.
solutions to today’s toughest site investigation and remediation challenges. The following
are a few technical challenges that necessitated us to pioneer creative remedial solutions:
This booklet presents 50 Case Studies that were selected to illustrate our breadth of global remediation
experience as well as our capacity for remedial success through the effective design and deployment • Large Diffuse Plumes (Case Studies #11 through 13)
of ex situ technologies, in situ technologies, or combinations thereof, to address a wide range of • NAPL Management (Case Studies #14 through 17)
soil and groundwater contaminants. These Case Studies are organized in this booklet around key
• Vapor Intrusion (Case Studies #18 through 21)
technical differentiators that best demonstrate ARCADIS’ thought leadership in the industry.
• Emerging Contaminants (Case Studies #22 through 23)
• Site Closure and Other Strategies (Case Studies #24 through 32)



Fostering Innovation: Technology Development and Demonstration technical collaboration, training, and quality assurance — all embedded within a
At ARCADIS, innovation is a cornerstone of our culture. We promote an culture of continuous improvement and innovation. In our quest to build world class
entrepreneurial spirit within our technical communities, and emphasize the teams to better serve our clients, we often partner with researchers at universities if we
importance of identifying and demonstrating new and innovative technologies that lack internal resources and associated technical knowledge. Academic partnerships
can support more effective, efficient, and sustainable restoration of environmentally provide unique training opportunities for our employees on leading edge technical
impacted sites. We are currently working on new technologies for metals remediation, advancements and next generation technologies (see Case Studies #42 through 44).
perchlorate and chromium removal from drinking water, geophysical sensors for
classifying buried munitions, and more (see Case Studies #33 through 36). When Frontiers in Remediation: Global Expertise
we implement a new or innovative approach, we dedicate our own resources to Today, ARCADIS maintains its dedication to innovation and excellence as we continue
develop a deep understanding of the fundamental principles that control process and to build our global footprint to more effectively serve our clients. With 16,000 employees
performance, and bring our experience in other areas to bear on implementation. and more than $2.7 billion in revenues, ARCADIS has an extensive international network
supported by strong local market positions. For examples of how we leverage our
Industry Leadership: Performance Based Remediation global expertise to meet client needs internationally, see Case Studies #45 through 49.
ARCADIS developed the concept of guaranteed fixed-price remediation decades ago
and grew it into a highly successful business model. Today, many commercial and Safety First: Integrating Health and Safety into Remediation Projects
federal clients are awarding environmental restoration projects using performance Providing a healthy and safe work environment is an integral part of our values and a
based remediation contracts. The result is not only cost savings to clients, but also key element of the solutions we provide for our clients. We believe that health and safety
freedom from future remediation responsibilities and regulatory uncertainty. ARCADIS on the job is a major concern of our clients, who demand robust programs involving
is an industry leader in the successful execution of performance based remediation for continuous improvement, strong leadership, and employee engagement. We address
the Department of Defense, with over 30 projects either completed or in progress at these concerns through our risk and behavior-based health and safety management
a value exceeding $430 million. We have also demonstrated successes for commercial program. We proactively identify and prioritize risks in our work, and develop robust
clients both in terms of our ability to utilize innovative remedial strategies to drive approaches to eliminate or minimize these risks. As a result, work-related injury
sites to closure, and in working with regulatory agencies to negotiate optimum and illness rates are currently below industry benchmarks (see Case Study #50).
endpoints and keep remedial progress on schedule (see Case Studies #37 through 41).

Building World Class Teams: Academic Partnerships
At ARCADIS, we believe that knowledge drives successful outcomes. We break the
Please contact us if you have any questions, require additional information, or if we can be of assistance to you.
barriers erected through the “knowledge is power” mindset and reward staff for
knowledge sharing. Our environmental professionals from different business units Suthan S. Suthersan, PhD, PE Rula A. Deeb, PhD, BCEEM
and global offices are encouraged to collaborate and push boundaries to deliver
Chief Technical Officer Technical Director - Outreach
optimal client-focused solutions. Our unique and global Technical Knowledge and
Innovation (TKI) program provides a formal framework for knowledge exchange, suthan.suthersan@arcadis-us.com rula.deeb@arcadis-us.com


frontiers in remediation

Frontiers in Remediation:
Sustainability by Design


1

1
Project Goal
Artesian Treatment Vessels: A Sustainable Eliminate the discharge of TCE-contaminated Artesian Treatment Vessels: A Sustainable
In Situ Remediation System groundwater to a tributary while In Situ Remediation System
Augusta, Georgia minimizing impacts to the native forest Augusta, Georgia
habitat in a remote area of Fort Gordon.

Client ARCADIS Strategy
Fort Gordon Military Reservation Exploit naturally occurring artesian conditions
at the site to design a totally passive (zero energy
Scope of Services input) remedy which can meet cleanup objectives.
Guaranteed Fixed Price Performance-based Remediation, Innovative
Sustainable Remedy Development, Sustainability Evaluation Project Accomplishments TREATMENT

ARCADIS designed and implemented an elegant
WELL DEEP WATER LEVELS

Performance Period passive and sustainable remedy that leveraged
2009 through Present natural site hydrogeologic conditions and fully
met remedial objectives. The final remedy design
Contaminants
minimized disturbance to the natural habitat,
TCE
requires no moving mechanical parts, consumes
no external power source or water, and has no
direct air emissions or operational noise. All
stakeholders collaborated through the remedy Conceptual geological cross section showing location and
selection and design thereby maximizing support vertical interval of artesian extraction wells. Twenty total wells Conceptual schematic presenting extraction well and ATV configuration (at
for the implementation of the final remedy. and five total ATVs provide plume capture along the unnamed left). Groundwater extraction is facilitated via differential pressure differences
tributary floodplain. Red dashed line represents the water and funneled to a vertical liquid phase carbon vessel prior to discharge
elevations along plume flow path in deeper monitoring wells
The Challenge The Approach
Historical TCE impacts in groundwater at the Fort Gordon Military ARCADIS screened remediation options for their overall efficacy carbon. The vessels are installed below the land surface to minimize The Result
Reservation resulted from waste solvent disposed in a drain that in eliminating plume migration to the unnamed tributary and the habitat impacts. The natural ambient hydraulic gradient is sufficient A detailed remedy evaluation, a highly accurate understanding of
discharged to a sump and clay tile leach field. The TCE plume anticipated impacts of construction activities to the native forest to convey the impacted water through the vessels where it undergoes the site hydrogeology, and a life cycle approach to remedy design
migrated under ambient groundwater conditions from the original habitat and the ecological receptors that reside in the area. A carbon full treatment. The treated water is then discharged to a gravel apron guided the ARCADIS team to develop an innovative and simple
source area to approximately 1800 feet downhill toward a receiving footprint analysis for each remediation alternative was completed in the flood plain. This approach requires no energy input, pumps strategy that minimized resource consumption and reduced
tributary. The shallow impacted soils in the source area were using the ARCADIS BalancE3® Tool to compare the overall potential or other mechanical equipment, and results in no consumptive use ecological impacts. The reliance on natural hydraulic gradients
removed by excavation as an Interim Measure in 2005. However, benefits of the selected remedy. The ARCADIS BalancE3® Tool of water. The operation and monitoring activities can be conducted and gravity resulted in a sustainable remediation system and a
significant groundwater impacts remained after this action. provides a quantitative means to determine environmental, social, during regularly scheduled groundwater monitoring events, and minimal impact on the environment while providing protection
and economic impacts associated with remediation decisions carbon change-outs are expected only once every 5 to 7 years.
The water table aquifer is 100 to 200 feet thick, has low to medium to a sensitive riparian zone. Our innovative remedy resulted in
that will be made throughout the lifecycle of a remedy.
permeability, and yields very low volumes of water due to its high savings of approximately 50 metric tons of CO2 equivalent over
clay content. At the base of the hill, artesian groundwater conditions The selected remedy was a novel artesian treatment vessel that the 30-year remedial lifecycle. Throughout the design process,
exist that result in upward plume transport toward the stream and functions effectively in these challenging site conditions. The stakeholders were engaged to ensure that the final design met their
surrounding flood zone. An active remediation approach was initially vessels require zero energy input. ARCADIS installed a network expectations. This collaboration gained both stakeholder support
requested by the regulatory agencies to address the remaining of passive artesian “extraction” wells along the flood plain of the and maximized acceptance the final remedy implementation.
groundwater impacts and to ensure long-term protectiveness of receptor stream. The wells are screened in the core of the plume
the tributary. However, the remoteness of the site, combined with a to fully capture impacted groundwater. Upon surfacing under
mature native forest overlying the groundwater plume and sensitive natural artesian conditions, the impacted groundwater is directed
ecological receptors presented significant access limitations. to customized vessels that contain liquid phase granular activated


2

2
Project Goal
Sustainable Remediation: The Johnson Space Incorporate sustainable remediation practices as Sustainable Remediation: The Johnson Space
Center Mulch Biowall Project requested by the Client into a response action to Center Mulch Biowall Project
Houston, Texas address chlorinated solvents in groundwater. Houston, Texas
ARCADIS Strategy
Client Evaluate multiple sustainable remedial
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) alternatives, including the use of mulch from
trees downed by Hurricane Ike at the site in a Proposed location of parallel mulch biowalls at JSC (in orange)
Scope of Services subsurface biowall to avoid landfill disposal of and approximate extent of the groundwater plume (in yellow).
Site Investigation, Treatability Testing, Remedy Selection, Sustainability Evaluations waste. Identify opportunities to maximize the
environmental outcome by incorporating best
Performance Period
practices for sustainable remediation and by using
2006 through Present
sustainability tools to evaluate the design and
Contaminants operation of different remedial alternatives.
PCE, TCE, DCE, VC
Project Accomplishments
Bench scale testing indicated that site conditions
are conducive to enhanced chlorinated solvent
degradation stimulated by the addition of a
mulch substrate. The proposed remedy, which
Downed trees at JSC following Hurricane Ike
incorporates a subsurface mulch biowall as a
permeable reactive barrier for chlorinated solvents
in groundwater, was approved by the Texas
Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ)
and is currently scheduled for implementation.

The Challenge The Approach To further minimize the environmental footprint and to identify The Result
In 2008, Hurricane Ike caused extensive damage to the Gulf Results from baseline groundwater sampling and a bench scale test opportunities to enhance the environmental outcome, a quantitative The plan for the JSC mulch biowall PRB was presented to
Coast region including the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) indicated that site conditions are conducive to chlorinated solvent sustainability assessment was performed for the remedial the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality in a formal
campus in Houston, Texas. In an effort to avoid landfill disposal degradation stimulated by the addition of a mulch biowall. To fulfill alternatives using the BalancE3® Tool. This comprehensive analysis Remedial Action Plan in 2011 and will be implemented in 2012.
of waste and debris, many of the trees downed by the hurricane NASA’s interest in incorporating sustainable practices during site included five metrics energy consumption, air emissions, water
were chipped into 1,500 cubic yards of mulch and retained for remediation, the ARCADIS team integrated sustainable remediation requirements, material consumption/waste generation, and land
future use at the site. ARCADIS developed a strategy that uses practices into the design and operation of five proposed remedial impacts. Metric quantification included onsite activities as well as
the mulch in a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for the biological alternatives. The remedial alternatives included four biowall transportation associated with the movement of materials to and
treatment of chlorinated solvents in groundwater at the site. The designs and monitored natural attenuation, and incorporated best from the site. The selected alternative is a mulch biowall PRB with
use of downed trees and debris from Hurricane Ike as mulch practices such as the use of onsite renewable biological resources installed horizontal piping for injectable substrate delivery. The
material for the biowall has increased sustainability for the as reactive media (the onsite mulch), re-use of extracted water addition of installed piping allows for the periodic renewal of
groundwater remediation at the site, reduced waste generation in a biowall alternative with recirculation of groundwater, use the carbon content of the wall, eliminating the need for biowall
from the site, and lowered restoration costs for the Client. of onsite injectable substrate, and reliance on local vendors. replacement once the mulch carbon content is exhausted, thereby
significantly decreasing overall environmental impacts.


3

3
Project Goal
Recover non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL) from
Sustainable Approach to Product Recovery groundwater at a RCRA site and fully incorporating Sustainable Approach to Product Recovery
St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands sustainable practices into the selected remedy. St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands

ARCADIS Strategy
Client Use sustainable design principles to develop
Confidential Client a recovery system for free product with
minimal waste generation, air emissions,
Scope of Services and grid electricity consumption.
Hydrocarbon Recovery, Sustainable Remediation
Project Accomplishments
Performance Period To date, around 367,000 gallons of free product
1997 through Present have been reclaimed, which amounts to 30% of
total estimated releases. Recovered petroleum
Contaminants
product was transferred to an adjacent oil refinery,
NAPL (crude oil, diesel, gasoline)
generating revenue and avoiding transportation-
related air emissions and waste. The petroleum
recovery system uses renewable energy instead of
grid electricity, thus further reducing air emissions.

The Challenge The Approach despite highly corrosive local conditions. Phase II was installed in The Result
Historical operation of the hydrocarbon recovery facility and an Multiple renewable energy technologies and resources were integrated summer 2004 and consists of six solar panels and six downhole To date, approximately 367,000 gallons of free product have been
adjacent large petroleum refinery impacted groundwater with over time to develop an adaptive design that met the increasing submersible electric pumps powered exclusively by solar panels. The reclaimed. This accounts for approximately 30% of the total estimated
approximately 2 million gallons of free product. An environmental energy demands of the recovery system. Phase I, installed in 2001, Phase III system expansion occurred in summer 2007 with the goal release volume. The transfer of recovered petroleum product to an
forensics analysis and detailed assessment of existing site data consisted of six fluid pneumatic pumps powered by four windmills. of increasing hydrocarbon production by installing additional power adjacent oil refinery for re-use as a feed stock avoided offsite transfer
revealed the distribution of crude oil, diesel, and gasoline within A fiberglass gathering system was constructed to collect and convey sources and by adding additional recovery wells screened over a and disposal, thereby reducing air emissions and waste generation.
several distinct and commingled areas. Additional site investigation free product and groundwater to the adjacent oil refinery which larger vertical distance to enhance oil recovery. Four additional solar The sale of the recovered product also helped reduce overall project
efforts led to the identification of onsite sources. Once the purchased the recovered oil. The refinery had an existing wastewater panels and three electric wind turbines were installed to power the costs. This project was highlighted on the cover of USEPA’s publication
impacted areas were fully delineated, a sustainable approach to treatment system which was used to treat the groundwater, thereby new downhole submersible pumps and floating oil skimmers. “Green Remediation: Incorporating Sustainable Environmental
petroleum product recovery was developed and implemented. eliminating the need to construct and operate a new system. These Practices into Remediation of Contaminated Sites” dated April 2008.
cost savings and the re-use of existing infrastructure added additional
sustainable elements to the project. The treatment system has
performed consistently well, with minor down time for maintenance


frontiers in remediation

Frontiers in Geochemistry:
Metals, Radionuclides and
Inorganics


4

4
Project Goal
Cost-Effective Closure of a Former Cost-effective closure of a former chemical Cost-Effective Closure of a Former
Chemical Manufacturing Facility manufacturing facility with metals-impacted Chemical Manufacturing Facility
Portsmouth, Virginia soils and lagoon sludges, and elevated levels Portsmouth, Virginia
of zinc in groundwater and surface water.

Client ARCADIS Strategy
Confidential Chemical Client Construction of an asphalt cap to limit direct contact
with metals-impacted soils. In Situ stabilization/
Scope of Services solidification of metals-impacted lagoon sludges and
Site Investigation, Risk Assessment, Groundwater Modeling, Soil Remediation, construction of a passive surface water treatment
Groundwater Remediation, Regulatory Negotiation, Surface Water Treatment system on top of the stabilized area. Monitored
natural attenuation for metals in groundwater.
Performance Period
1999 through 2009 Project Accomplishments
Remediation activities were successfully
Contaminants
conducted in cooperation with the current
Cadium, Lead, Zinc
property owner and a Consent Order was
closed at the completion of the project.

A total of 35,000 cubic yards of sludge present in the lagoons was stabilized

The Challenge The Approach The Result
Historical activities associated with metal smelting, metal The strategy for site closure included several elements First, ARCADIS Five wastewater treatment basins and one sludge drying bed existed
concentration operations, and zinc sulfate manufacturing placed an asphalt cap over a large area with contaminated soils at the facility. ARCADIS was successful in classifying four of the
resulted in the presence of cadmium, lead, and zinc in site to eliminate direct contact with the metals-bearing soils, reduce lagoons with metals-bearing sludges as non-hazardous through a
soils and lagoon sludges at concentrations that rendered the leaching of metals from soil to groundwater by limiting infiltration, statistical evaluation of analytical data. All the lagoons at the facility
materials hazardous. Elevated concentrations of zinc were also and povide additional parking for the facility. Second, ARCADIS were stabilized to achieve certain bearing strengths and to allow the
present in groundwater as well as surface water discharging performed a risk assessment and developed a groundwater fate and construction of stormwater treatment cells on the footprint of the
through site outfalls. Due to multiple property transactions over transport model to gain acceptance of monitored natural attenuation former lagoon area. Following stabilization and grading, a man-made
time, environmental liabilities and obligations were distributed as a remedy for the zinc groundwater plume. Third, following a wetlands system consisting of a stormwater pond, two vertical flow
among multiple former owners and remedial activities had to be decision to stabilize all lagoons to achieve certain bearing strengths cells, and a polishing pond was constructed on top of the stabilized
completed with the cooperation of the current property owner. and allow the construction of stormwater treatment cells on the area for surface water treatment. Impacted stormwater was pumped
footprint of the former lagoon area, a total of 35,000 cubic yards of to the stormwater pond, distributed to the vertical flow cells for
sludge was stabilized in place using 10% Portland Cement (by weight). treatment, released to the polishing pond, and then discharged to the
Elizabeth River. The Consent Order resulting from periodic NPDES
exceedances of zinc was closed at the completion of this project.


5

5
Project Goal
Remediation of chlorinated solvents (PCE) and
In Situ Remediation of a Mixed Uranium and PCE Plume radionuclides (uranium) in groundwater utilizing In Situ Remediation of a Mixed Uranium and PCE Plume
Southeastern United States enhanced in situ anaerobic reductive dechlorination/ Southeastern United States
precipitation to treat the plume area and prevent
the off‑site migration of impacted groundwater.
Client
The Result
Confidential Client ARCADIS Strategy
Design and implement a remedy to simultaneously Based on the results of the pilot test, the
Scope of Services treat both PCE and uranium. ARCADIS’ approach implementation of the full scale remedy was initiated
Pilot Testing, Full Scale Remedy Implementation, Regulatory consisted of a phased implementation of an in June 2002. The system consisted of up to 24
Negotiation, Confirmation Sampling anaerobic In situ Reactive Zone (IRZ) to stimulate injection wells for application of reagent mixtures,
the microbial precipitation of uranium and the and up to 16 monitor for performance monitoring.
Performance Period Performance monitoring began in December
reductive dechlorination of PCE through the
January 2000 through Present 2002 and continued through 2011. Performance
delivery of a carbon susbstrate followed by the
addition of ferrous sulfate to promote the formation monitoring of the full‑scale demonstration
Contaminants has confirmed the continued destruction and
Uranium, PCE of an insoluble mineral form of uraninite.
precipitation of chlorinated volatile organic
Project Accomplishments compounds (CVOCs) and uranium, respectively. The
PCE and uranium concentrations in the treatment expanded area of reagent injection has resulted in
areas have been reduced by approximately 90% to a substantially smaller impacted area (defined as
levels below the MCLs for the target constituents having concentrations greater than the maximum
of concern. The ARCADIS team successfully contaminant level [MCL]). Uranium stabilization
implemented an injection-based strategy to promote via ferrous sulfate was initiated in 2007 with a
reductive dechlorination of PCE while at the same pilot test and then expanded in subsequent years.
time reductively precipitating uranium. The final The addition of ferrous sulfate for stabilization
polishing element of the remedy incorporated has continued through 2011 to prevent the
an engineered in situ chemical stabilization step The Approach resolubilization of uranium as oxygen reenters the
The Challenge to mitigate potential uranium dissolution after ARCADIS developed a remedial aquifer (i.e., oxygen reacts with the excess iron).
This facility has been historically operated for the processing of uranium. completion of the biological treatment phase. strategy involving the phased As of 2011, full scale remedial injections have added
ARCADIS was contracted to design and implement an anaerobic In situ implementation of an in situ a total of 76,834 pounds of organic carbon and 42,363
Reactive Zone (IRZ) to expedite the remediation of uranium-impacted anaerobic IRZ® technology to pounds of ferrous sulfate. The impacted area for
groundwater and to significantly reduce the time required to achieve reductively dechlorinate TCE uranium has been reduced by approximately 90%
groundwater standards. ARCADIS was also contracted to handle regulatory tetrachloroethene and to precipitate of the baseline impacted area to below the MCL.
negotiations to achieve approval and acceptance of the remedial approach. uranium. The first phase consisted Initiation of closure monitoring in approximately
of a pilot demonstration and 0.4 acres of the treatment zone took place in
The original size of the uranium plume at this site was just under 0.75 acre
was followed by a full scale 2009 after monitoring results showed sustained
with concentrations ranging from 30 to 2,700 micrograms per liter. The Microbial precipitation of uranium
implementation. Monthly injections CVOC and uranium concentrations below MCLs.
uranium plume is located in an unconsolidated alluvium aquifer comprised
of organic carbon were performed To date, CVOCs and uranium concentrations
of silt, clay, clayey sand, gravel, and cobbles. In addition, a primary source
to establish and maintain the reactive zone. Under reducing conditions, soluble uranium have been observed to rebound. Currently, the
of uranium contamination is located underneath one of the site buildings, a
is converted to the insoluble mineral form uraninite. Injections were augmented with closure monitoring area is being expanded to
complication that ARCADIS was able to account for in the remedy design.
ferrous sulfate to promote the formation of reduced ferrous sulfide minerals which coat include additional areas where contaminant
aquifer grains to physically encapsulate the uraninite and maintain reducing conditions concentrations have decreased below MCLs.
for significant time periods (thereby protecting the uraninite from re-oxidation).


6

6
Project Goal
Remedy Optimization to Achieve Site Closure at a Advance a former uranium mill site towards Remedy Optimization to Achieve Site Closure at a
Large Former Mill Tailing Site site closure by addressing groundwater Large Former Mill Tailing Site
Confidential Location contaminated with uranium and other metals. Confidential Location
ARCADIS Strategy
Client Develop a comprehensive program to evaluate and
Confidential Mining Client identify sources, perform geochemical analyses
to assess soils and groundwater, optimize the
Scope of Services water treatment system, and develop alternative
Site Investigation and Remediation, Water Treatment, Geochemistry approaches for groundwater restoration.

Performance Period Project Accomplishments
2010 through Present Through process optimization, ARCADIS is has
decreased the projected remedial timeframe and
Contaminants
has improved the performance of the existing
Uranium, Metals
treatment system. We are currently developing
an innovative in situ remediation strategy to
augment the existing pump and treat system.

The Challenge The Approach The Result
Historical operations at a former mill site affected a groundwater ARCADIS developed a comprehensive program to assist with source Remedial timeframes and limitations of the existing remedial
aquifer system with uranium, molybdenum, selenium, and other evaluation, alternative approaches to groundwater restoration, and strategy have been identified and are being addressed through
metals. The site is in the process of restoring and hydraulically water treatment system optimization. The project utilized key resources process optimization. Our multi-disciplinary team is developing
containing contaminated groundwater using a pump and treat system. from across ARCADIS to meet Client needs. This included pilot an innovative approach for the in situ treatment of groundwater
While pump and treat has been successful at containing the plume, testing of in situ groundwater treatment approaches for uranium and to augment the existing pump and treat system, and where
performance data do not provide a clear indication about the timeframe metals, and detailed tracer studies of water movement through mill appropriate, replace the system to provide sustained long-
needed to meet remedial goals. Alternative restoration approaches are tailings. The groundwater geochemical environment is challenging term treatment capacity. Through close collaboration between
needed to aggressively reduce the remedial timeframe and drive the due to high concentrations of dissolved solids. ARCADIS performed scientists and engineers, our team has improved site operations,
site to closure. In addition, the current treatment system requires an a detailed evaluation of the geochemistry to develop more efficient enhanced stakeholder communication, and is working to achieve
evaluation to improve the performance of ex-situ water treatment. remedial strategies. Malcolm Pirnie, the Water Division of ARCADIS, optimized remedial performance to advance the site to closure.
also provided operational assistance with the water treatment plant,
and has diagnosed and addressed limitations to treatment processes.


Frontiers In Remediation Innovation Balance Experience E Book Spreads

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