1. Mulliken’s electronegativity
Dr. Mithil Fal Desai
Assistant Professor in Chemistry
Shree Mallikarjun and Shri Chetan Manju Desai College
Canacona, Goa.

2. • Linus Pauling
• Robert Mulliken
• A. L. Allred and E. G. Rochow
Electronegativity- “the power of an atom in a
molecule to attract electrons to itself when
combined in a compound”
Introduction

3. 37 pm 99 pm
64 pm

4. Robert Mulliken expressed electronegativity as an arithmetic mean
of the first ionisation energy (I. E.1) and electron affinity (EA).
𝒙 𝑴 =
𝑰. 𝑬. 𝟏+ 𝑬𝑨
𝟐
Mulliken’s Electronegativity (𝒙 𝑴)

5. 𝑥M (2.8 times) > 𝑥 𝑝
Thus,
𝑥M =
I. E.1 + EA
2 X 2.8 X 96.48
Mulliken’s Electronegativity (𝒙 𝑴) and Pauling
Electronegativity (𝒙 𝒑)

6. 𝒙 𝑴 and 𝒙 𝒑

7. 𝒙 𝑴 and 𝑰. 𝑬. 𝟏 𝒙 𝑴 and 𝑬𝑨
Periodic trend in 𝒙 𝑴

8. Summary
• Ionisation energy and electron affinity influence Mulliken’s
electronegativity.
• In a periodic table atomic number increases
𝑥M increases across the row.
𝑥M decreases down the group.

9. References
• Huheey, J. E., Keiter, E. A., Keiter, R. L., Medhi, O. K., (2019) Inorganic
Chemistry: Principle of structure and reactivity, Fourth Edition, Noida,
Pearson Education India.
• Atkins, P., Overton T., Rourke, J., Weller, M., Armstrong F., (2006)
Shriver and Atkin’s Inorganic Chemistry, Fourth Edition, Great Britain,
Oxford University Press.
• Lee, J. D., (2018), Concise Inorganic Chemistry, Fifth Edition, New
Delhi, Wiley India.