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Columbian Exchange  – a transfer of living things between the New & Old Worlds (East and West Hemispheres)
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) - Pope Alexander IV’s effort to keep the peace between Spain and Portugal as they explored new territories - The north-south dividing line gave authority to colonize most of the Americas to Spain (except for Brazil) and gave Portugal authority in Africa.
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Explorers – bypassing North America John Cabot  – (1497 & 1498) – searched for the Northwest Passage, exploring the Atlantic coast of Canada & claimed the coast of North America for  England Ferdinand Magellan’s Expedition  (1519-1522) – sailed around South America and his expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe (Magellan died en route & only 1 of 3 ships made it)
Conquistadors  – Spanish Conquerors of the New World Guns, Steel, Horses  – material advantages of the Europeans Disease  was the leading reason why the American Indians could not resist the Spanish.  - European diseases killed as much as 90% of the American  Indian population.
Spanish Conquistadors Juan Ponce de León  (1513 & 1521) – claimed Puerto Rico and  explored, claimed, & named Florida Vasco Nuñez Balboa  (1513) – crossed Panama, first European  to see the Pacific Ocean, & claimed all land touching that sea  for Spain Hernándo Cortés  (1519-1521) – conquered the Aztecs and  Montezuma in Central Mexico, claiming gold and beginning  the mining of silver
Francisco Pizarro  (1532) – conquered the Incan Empire on the west coast of South America, claiming tons of gold & silver  Hernándo DeSoto  (1539-1542) – explored the American Southeast looking for gold, was the first European to see Alabama and the Mississippi River
Francisco Coronado  (1540-1542)  –  explored the American southwest looking for cities of gold, first to see the Grand Canyon and herds of buffalo
Encomienda  – Spanish system of enslaving the American Indians Mestizos  – people of Spanish and American Indian ancestry Gold & Silver  enriched Spain & Europe – economic growth, but eventually ruined Spain’s economy with price inflation and debt
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2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3. Columbian Exchange – a transfer of living things between the New & Old Worlds (East and West Hemispheres)
  • 4. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) - Pope Alexander IV’s effort to keep the peace between Spain and Portugal as they explored new territories - The north-south dividing line gave authority to colonize most of the Americas to Spain (except for Brazil) and gave Portugal authority in Africa.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Explorers – bypassing North America John Cabot – (1497 & 1498) – searched for the Northwest Passage, exploring the Atlantic coast of Canada & claimed the coast of North America for England Ferdinand Magellan’s Expedition (1519-1522) – sailed around South America and his expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe (Magellan died en route & only 1 of 3 ships made it)
  • 8. Conquistadors – Spanish Conquerors of the New World Guns, Steel, Horses – material advantages of the Europeans Disease was the leading reason why the American Indians could not resist the Spanish. - European diseases killed as much as 90% of the American Indian population.
  • 9. Spanish Conquistadors Juan Ponce de León (1513 & 1521) – claimed Puerto Rico and explored, claimed, & named Florida Vasco Nuñez Balboa (1513) – crossed Panama, first European to see the Pacific Ocean, & claimed all land touching that sea for Spain Hernándo Cortés (1519-1521) – conquered the Aztecs and Montezuma in Central Mexico, claiming gold and beginning the mining of silver
  • 10. Francisco Pizarro (1532) – conquered the Incan Empire on the west coast of South America, claiming tons of gold & silver Hernándo DeSoto (1539-1542) – explored the American Southeast looking for gold, was the first European to see Alabama and the Mississippi River
  • 11. Francisco Coronado (1540-1542) – explored the American southwest looking for cities of gold, first to see the Grand Canyon and herds of buffalo
  • 12. Encomienda – Spanish system of enslaving the American Indians Mestizos – people of Spanish and American Indian ancestry Gold & Silver enriched Spain & Europe – economic growth, but eventually ruined Spain’s economy with price inflation and debt
  • 13.