The document provides information about Mihika Shah's roll number and then discusses the history and types of surveillance systems including analog CCTV cameras, IP cameras, and their components and architecture. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of analog versus IP cameras. It also discusses how to configure an IP camera and provides examples of video surveillance applications in farms.

1. Name : Mihika Shah
Roll No: 09BIT059

2. Surveillance
• The word ‘surveillance’ means to observe a specific area
or to monitor the activities of individual or a group.
• It is very useful to the government to maintain social
control, monitor and recognize threats, and investigate
criminal activity.

3. History
• The first CCTV system was installed by Siemens AG at
Test Stand VII to observe the launching of rockets. And
later on, it was used for observing public area.
• During 1990, digital multiplexing allowed more than
one camera to record at once which has increased the
use of CCTV.
• It was commonly used in Banks to record the evidence
of criminal activity.

4. Manual Surveillance
• Impractical
•Very costly
• Lack of attention
• needs situational awareness

5. Video Surveillance Automation
• Have computers catch the video
• More channels can be used by buying more servers and
licenses.
• Cheaper than the manual surveillance
• People still have to deal with alarms

6. Analog CCTV Camera Architecture

7. Components of Analog CCTV Cameras
1. Camera
- starting point of the CCTV systems
- night vision technology based cameras are used for
low light conditions.
2. Monitor
- Operators view footage from central location on the
monitor.
- dedicated monitor : display video from a single
camera
- call up monitor : access multiple cameras at the
same video

8. ( Contd…)
3. Cable
- coaxial cable : for transmitting video footage from
cameras
- expensive and difficult to install
4. DVR ( Digital Video Recorder )
- Convert the analog footage to digital which
extends the storage capacity
- makes it easy to search archived footage
- allows users to stream video over a network for
remote viewing from multiple locations.

9. Types of CCTV Camera
1. Fixed Cameras
- points in a single direction
- monitors specific area of interest
- mostly installed in clearly visible areas
- effective in capturing footage of suspicious activity
- direction of camera is set during installation

10. 2. PTZ Cameras ( Pan Tilt Zoom Cameras )
- ideal for wide-area surveillance
- gives the ability to remotely control pan, tilt, and
zoom functions to follow activity and to zoom in
for detailed monitoring
- an area where analog CCTV cameras fall behind
their IP camera counterparts.

11. Advantages of analog CCTV
Lower initial cost - In most cases, analog cameras cost
less up front than IP network cameras.
-Analog cameras tend to handle low-light situations
better than IP cameras on average
Wide-spread compatibility - Mixing and matching
camera models and surveillance equipment from
different manufacturers is easy with an analog CCTV
setup.

12. Disadvantages of analog CCTV
Expensive cabling - For large-scale surveillance
applications, analog cameras require complicated
cabling schemes that can be quite expensive and also
challenging to install.
Limited features - Many of the advanced features now
available with IP cameras (for instance: megapixel
resolution, digital zoom, and video analytics), aren't
available in analog CCTV models.

13. IP BASED CAMERA

14. IP CAMERA ARCHITECTURE

15. (Contd…)
1. IP Camera
- Front part of the system
- Available with different levels of image quality.
2. Network Video Recorder ( NVR )
- a very crucial component of IP system
- responsible for video monitoring, event
management and storage
- various compression techniques are used to
optimize the storage like MPEG-4

16. (Contd…)
3. Power over Ethernet ( PoE )
- With PoE, data transmissions from the camera
and power to the camera are all relayed through a
single Ethernet cable
- allows the installation of a camera in such area
where power outlets are not available
4. Image sensor
(i) CCD ( Charge Coupled Device ) :
- specially used for low light situation as they are
very sensitive
- more expensive than others
- consumes 100 times more power than CMOS
sensor

17. (Contd…)
(ii) CMOS (Complimentary metal oxide semiconductor)
- produces high resolution images
- uses less power than CCD
5. Monitor
- placed at central location to view a footage
- can be used to view the footage from single camera
or multiple cameras

18. ADVANTAGES OF IP CAMERA
• Flexibility: It can be moved anywhere in the IP network
• high resolution of the captured images
•Encryption and authentication : transmission of data is
done through encryption
• Remote access : cameras can be viewed from any
computer anywhere in the world
• PoE : Cameras can operate without additional power. PoE
protocol is used to feed them through internet cable

19. DISADVANTAGES OF IP CAMERA
• Higher initial price for the camera
• Lack of standards : various IP camera can encode the
video differently
• Technical barrier : Installation of IP camera, router
requires a technician who knows CCTV technology
• System becomes open to hackers via internet.

20. How to configure IP Camera???
Ethernet cable is inserted in Charger is plugged in the
the camera D- 6670 camera

21. Antenna is plugged in as it is a
wireless camera
To install the software, play
the CD of the camera. The
screen will be displayed as
above

22. Then it will ask for the IP address, subnet mask, default router.
And for the wireless camera, SSID, encoding key are to be set.

23. Application of Video Surveillance
• Airports
• Railway Station
• Military
• Retails
• Government
• Home and residential
• Industrial
• Entertainment
• Healthcare

24. Farm Surveillance
Video surveillance can help ensure farm operations run
smoothly, making certain that consumers receive a safe
quality product in the end, while protecting animals,
equipment and facilities from harm and misuse.
COBRA 90 Day and
Night Camera

25. BENEFITS OF FARM SURVEILLANCE
• Monitor for intruders
• Protect for water supply
• Prevent break-ins
• Prevent theft
• Monitor daily operation
• Employee monitoring
• Remote playback and monitoring

26. References
1. http://www.videosurveillance.com/cctv-
technology/intro-to-cctv.asp
2. http://www.wikipedia.com/surveillance
3. Stephen Russo, Director of Security and Privacy
Technology, IBM Corporation : Digital Video
Surveillance
4. http://homeowner.hubpages.com/hub/Video-
surveillance-cameras-for-farms-and-agriculture
5. http://www.videosurveillance.com/farms.asp

27. (Contd…)
6. http://www.farmcameras.com/

28. Thank you