The document discusses different types of solutions including liquid-gas solutions like carbonated beverages, liquid-solid solutions, liquid-liquid solutions, gaseous solutions where one gas dissolves in another, and solid solutions. It explains key concepts such as solute, solvent, homogeneous mixtures, heterogeneous mixtures, and how physical and chemical processes can cause solids to form from solutions through crystallization or precipitation.
8. Atoms and Elements
N aCl
C Boil
Grind
Filter
O2
H2O
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9. Atoms and Elements
N aCl N aCl
C Boil
Grind
Filter
C
O2 O2
H2O H2O
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10. Substance
matter that has the same fixed
composition and properties. It
can’t be broken down into simpler
parts by ordinary
physical processes,
such as boiling, grinding, or filtering.
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14. Compounds
Water is a compound
but it is not an element.
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15. Compounds
Water is a compound
but it is not an element.
Compounds have fixed composition. The ratio of
the atoms in a compound is ALWAYS the same.
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16. Compounds
Water is a compound
but it is not an element.
Compounds have fixed composition. The ratio of
the atoms in a compound is ALWAYS the same.
Water is always 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen
atom.
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18. Mixtures
Lemonade is water and sugar
and lemon juice.
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19. Mixtures
Lemonade is water and sugar
and lemon juice.
A mixture is a combination
of substances that are not
bonded together and can be
separated by physical
processes.
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20. Mixtures
Lemonade is water and sugar
and lemon juice.
A mixture is a combination
of substances that are not
bonded together and can be
separated by physical
processes.
Mixtures do not always contain the same
proportions of the substances that they are
composed of. Example: weak and strong lemonade.
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22. Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous mixture - type of mixture
where the substances are not mixed evenly.
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23. Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous mixture - type of mixture
where the substances are not mixed evenly.
The different areas of the mixture have different
compositions.
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24. Homogeneous
(Solution)
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25. Homogeneous
(Solution)
A homogeneous mixture contain 2 or more
substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular
level but still are not bonded together.
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26. Homogeneous
(Solution)
C6H12O6 H 0
2
H20 C6H12O6
C6H12O6 H20
A homogeneous mixture contain 2 or more
substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular
level but still are not bonded together.
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28. How
Solutions
Form
Sugar molecules
spreading out until they
are evenly spaced is
called dissolving.
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29. How
Solutions
Form
Sugar molecules
spreading out until they
are evenly spaced is
called dissolving.
Solute-substance that dissolves or seems to
disappear. (sugar)
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30. How
Solutions
Form
Sugar molecules
spreading out until they
are evenly spaced is
called dissolving.
Solute-substance that dissolves or seems to
disappear. (sugar)
Solvent-substance that dissolves the solute.(water)
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32. Forming Solids
from Solutions
When a solid comes back out of its solution and
form a solid it is called crystallization.
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33. Forming Solids
from Solutions
When a solid comes back out of its solution and
form a solid it is called crystallization.
This is the result of a physical change.
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35. Forming Solids
from Solutions
Stalactites and stalagmites in
caves are formed from
solutions.
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36. Forming Solids
from Solutions
Stalactites and stalagmites in
caves are formed from
solutions.
First, water with dissolved
minerals flows through rocks
at the top of the cave.
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37. Forming Solids
from Solutions
Stalactites and stalagmites in
caves are formed from
solutions.
First, water with dissolved
minerals flows through rocks
at the top of the cave.
This solution drips from the ceiling of the cave.
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38. Forming Solids
from Solutions
Stalactites and stalagmites in
caves are formed from
solutions.
First, water with dissolved
minerals flows through rocks
at the top of the cave.
This solution drips from the ceiling of the cave.
When drops evaporate, the minerals are left behind.
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39. Forming Solids
from Solutions
Stalactites and stalagmites in
caves are formed from
solutions.
First, water with dissolved
minerals flows through rocks
at the top of the cave.
This solution drips from the ceiling of the cave.
When drops evaporate, the minerals are left behind.
Stalactites develop downward, stalagmites upwards.
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40. Forming
Solids
from
Solutions
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41. Forming
Solids
from
Solutions
Sometimes a solid forms because of a chemical
reaction. This solid is called a precipitate.
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42. Forming
Solids
from
Solutions
Sometimes a solid forms because of a chemical
reaction. This solid is called a precipitate.
Minerals that are dissolved in tap water react
chemically with soap. The product is soap scum.
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49. Liquid Solutions
In a liquid-gas solution
the solute is a gas and
the solvent is liquid.
In carbonated
beverages, the solute
is CO2 and the
solvent is water.
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55. Gaseous
Solution
A smaller amount
of one gas is
dissolved in a
larger amount of
another gas.
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56. Gaseous
Solution
A smaller amount
of one gas is
dissolved in a
larger amount of
another gas.
Nitrogen makes up 78% of dry air and is the
solvent.
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58. Solid Solutions
The solvent is a solid, the solute is a solid, liquid or
gas. The most common is solid-solid solutions.
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59. Solid Solutions
The solvent is a solid, the solute is a solid, liquid or
gas. The most common is solid-solid solutions.
A solid-solid solution made from 2 metals is called
an alloy.
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