1.
IDENTIFICATION OF
FISHS
BY:
Mehwish Manzoor

2.
Identification of Indian Major Carps
Carp
Carp are variousspeciesof oily[1] freshwaterfishfromthe familyCyprinidae,averylarge group
of fishnative toEurope andAsia.While carpis consumedinmanyparts of the world,theyare generally
consideredasinvasivespeciesinparts of Africa,Australiaandmostof the United states.
Indian Major Carps
Indianmajorcarps, Catlacatla (catla),Labeorohita(rohu) andCirrhinuscirrhosus(mrigal) are of
prime importance infoodandnutritionsecurity.
Characteristic of Indian major carps
Catla catla (catla)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Labeoninae
Genus: Labeo
Species: L. catla

3.
Catla is a fish with large and broad head, a large protruding
lower jaw, and upturned mouth. It has large, greyish scales on its dorsal side and whitish on its belly. It
reaches up to 182 cm (6.0 ft) in length and 38.6 kg (85 lb) in weight. Catla is a surface and midwater
feeder. It is native to rivers and lakes in northern India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan,
but has also been introduced elsewhere in South Asia and is commonly farmed .
Rohu
Binomial name
Labeo catla
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Labeoninae
Genus: Labeo

4.
The rohu, rui, or roho labeo (Labeo rohita) is a species of fish of the carp family, found in rivers in
South Asia. It is a large omnivore and extensively used in aquaculture. The rohu is a large, silver-
coloured fish of typical cyprinid shape, with a conspicuously arched head. Adults can reach a
maximum weight of 45 kg (99 lb) and maximum length of 2 m (6.6 ft), but average around 1⁄2 m
(1.6 ft)
Mrigal
Species: L. rohita
Binomial name
Labeo rohita
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Labeoninae

5.
The Mrigal fish can grow very big. Their body is bilaterally
symmetrical and streamlined. The depth is about equal to
length of head. Their body is covered with cycloid scales, and
there are no scales on their head and snout blunt.
Chinese Major carps
Grass, silver, bighead, and black carp are known as the "Four Domesticated Fish" in China and are
the most important freshwater fish species for food and traditional Chinese medicine. Bighead and
silver carp are the most important fish, worldwide, in terms of total aquaculture product
characteristics ofchinese major carps
Grass carp
Genus: Cirrhinus
Species: C. cirrhosus
Binomial name
Cirrhinus cirrhosus
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Squaliobarbinae
Species: C. idella

6.
Grass carp ischaracterizedwithawide andscale‐lesshead,
sub‐terminalorterminal mouthwithsimple lipswhichdonot
include barbels,protractedupperjaw anda veryshort snout.The
bodyis slenderandrathercompressedwitharoundedbellyand
slightlydecurvedlateral line [9].Dorsal finoriginisabove orjust
infront of the pelvicfinoriginandthe dorsal and anal finsdonot
have spines[5,10]. Cycloidscalesare dark‐edgedwithablackspotat the base,and the gill rakersare
short,lanceolate andwidelyset.
Silvercarp
The silver carp is a deep-bodied fish that is laterally
compressed. They are a very silvery in color when young
and when they get older they fade from a greenish color
on the back to silver on the belly. They have very tiny scales on their body but the head and
the opercles are scaleless. They have a large mouth without any teeth in the jaw, but they
have pharyngeal teeth. Its eyes are situated far forward on the midline of the body and are
slightly turned down.
Binomial name
Ctenopharyngodon idella
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Xenocyprinae
Genus: Hypophthalmichthys
Species: H. molitrix
Binomial name
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

7.
Bighead carp
The bighead carp is a large, narrow fish with eyes that
project downward. Coloration of the body is dark gray,
fading to white toward the underside, and with dark
blotches on the sides. Its head has no scales, a large
mouth with no teeth, and a protruding lower jaw. Its
eyes are located far forward and low on its head. It is
very similar to the silver carp, and can be distinguished
by the dark coloration on its sides. The bighead carp can
be identified by a smooth keel between the anal and
pelvic fins that does not extend anterior of the base of
the pelvic fins.
Black carp
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Xenocyprinae
Genus: Hypophthalmichthys
Species: H. nobilis
Binomial name
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae

8.
Black carp is a blackish-brown fish with blackish-grey fins and an
elongated and laterally compressed body. One of the black carp’s
distinguishing characteristics is its pharyngeal teeth and this is
reflected in its scientific name. Black tipped scales give the
appearance of cross-hatching, Dorsal fin is short and pointed,
containing 7-8 rays, Dorsal fin is located above the pelvic fins, Anal
fin is located closer to the caudal fin than in the native minnow. The
black carp closely resembles the grass carp in appearance (body
shape and size; coloration; appearance, position, and shape of fins;
position and size of eyes), but may be most easily distinguished by
differences in the formation of the pharyngeal teeth: they possess
deep parallel grooves on the Grass carp and appear molar-likethey
on the Black carp.
OTHER COMMON SPIECIES OFPAKISTAN
Tilapia
Tilapia is the common name for nearly a hundred species of cichlid fish from
the coelotilapine, coptodonine, heterotilapine, oreochromine, pelmatolapiine and tilapiine tribes (form
erly all were in Tilapiini), with the economically most important species placed in Coptodonini and
Oreochromini.
Characteristics
Tilapia typically have laterally compressed, deep bodies. Like other cichlids, their
lower pharyngeal bones are fused into a single tooth-bearing structure. A complex set of muscles
allows the upper and lower pharyngeal bones to be used as a second set of jaws for processing food
(cf. morays), allowing a division of labor between the "true jaws" (mandibles) and the "pharyngeal
jaws". This means they are efficient feeders that can capture and process a wide variety of food
items.[11]
Their mouths are protrusible, usually bordered with wide and often swollen lips. The jaws
have conical teeth. Typically, tilapia have a long dorsal fin, and a lateral line which often breaks
towards the end of the dorsal fin, and starts again two or three rows of scales below. Some Nile
tilapia can grow as long as 2.0 ft.
Other than their temperature sensitivity, tilapia exist in or can adapt to a very wide
range of conditions. An extreme example is the Salton Sea, where tilapia introduced when the water
was merely brackish now live in salt concentrations so high that other marine fish cannot survive.
Tilapia are also known to be a mouth-brooding species, which means they carry the fertilized eggs
and young fish in their mouths for several days after the yolk sac is absorbed.
Subfamily: Squaliobarbinae
Genus: Mylopharyngodon
W. K. H. Peters,
1881
Species: M. piceus
Binomial name
Mylopharyngodon piceus

9.
Salmon
Salmon is the common name for several species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae. Other
fish in the same family include trout, char, grayling and whitefish. Salmon are native to tributaries of
the North Atlantic (genus Salmo) and Pacific Ocean (genus Oncorhynchus). Many species of salmon
have been introduced into non-native environments such as the Great Lakes of North America
and Patagonia in South America. Salmon are intensively farmed in many parts of the world.
Typically, salmon are anadromous: they hatch in fresh water, migrate to the ocean, then return to
fresh water to reproduce. However, populations of several species are restricted to fresh water
through their lives. Folklore has it that the fish return to the exact spot where they hatched to spawn.
Tracking studies have shown this to be mostly true. A portion of a returning salmon run may stray
and spawn in different freshwater systems; the percent of straying depends on the species of
salmon. Homing behavior has been shown to depend on olfactory memory. Salmon date back to
the Neogene.
Atlantic and Pacific salmon
Genus Image
Com
mon
nam
e
Scientific
name
Maxi
mum
lengt
h
Com
mon
leng
th
Maxi
mum
weig
ht
Maxi
mum
age
Tro
phi
c
lev
el
Fi
sh
B
as
e
F
A
O
IT
IS
IUCN
statu
s
Salmo
(Atlantic
salmon)
Atlan
tic
salm
on
Salmo
salar Linnae
us,1758
150
cm
120
cm
46.8
kg
13
year
s
4.4
[7] [8] [9]
Least
conce
rn[10]

10.
Oncorh
ynchus
(Pacific
salmon)
Chin
ook
salm
on
Oncorhync
hus
tshawytsch
a (Walbaum,
1792)
150
cm
70 c
m
61.4
kg
9
year
s
4.4
[11] [12] [13]
Not
asses
sed
Chu
m
salm
on
Oncorhync
hus
keta (Walba
um,1792)
100
cm
58 c
m
15.9
kg
7
year
s
3.5
[14] [15] [16]
Not
asses
sed
Coh
o
salm
on
Oncorhync
hus
kisutch (Wal
baum,1792)
108
cm
71 c
m
15.2
kg
5
year
s
4.2
[17] [18] [19]
Not
asses
sed
Mas
u
salm
on
Oncorhync
hus
masou (Bre
voort, 1856)
79 c
m
cm
10.0
kg
3
year
s
3.6
[20] [21]
Not
asses
sed
Pink
salm
on
Oncorhync
hus
gorbuscha (
Walbaum,
1792)
76 c
m
50 c
m
6.8 k
g
3
year
s
4.2
[22] [23] [24]
Not
asses
sed
Sock
eye
salm
on
Oncorhync
hus
nerka (Walb
aum,1792)
84 c
m
58 c
m
7.7 k
g
8
year
s
3.7
[25] [26] [27]
Least
conce
rn[

11.
Trout
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a trout and species of salmonid native to cold-
water tributaries of the Pacific Ocean in Asia and North America. The steelhead (sometimes called
"steelhead trout") is an anadromous (sea-run) form of the coastal rainbow trout (O. m.
irideus) or Columbia River redband trout (O. m. gairdneri) that usually returns to fresh water
to spawn after living two to three years in the ocean. Freshwater forms that have
been introduced into the Great Lakes and migrate into tributaries to spawn are also called steelhead.
Adult freshwater stream rainbow trout average between 1 and 5 lb (0.5 and 2.3 kg), while lake-
dwelling and anadromous forms may reach 20 lb (9 kg). Coloration varies widely based
on subspecies, forms and habitat. Adult fish are distinguished by a broad reddish stripe along
the lateral line, from gills to the tail, which is most vivid in breeding males
.
References
"IGFA World Records". International Game Fish Association. Retrieved November 1,2015.
Stephenson, S. A. "The Distribution of Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Canadian Western
Arctic" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
"What's an oily fish?". Food Standards Agency. 24 June 2004. Archived from the original on 10 December
2010.
Tilapia | Seafood Health Facts". www.seafoodhealthfacts.org. Retrieved 2017-02-01.
Nico et al. 2005. Black carp: biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish American Fisheries
Society Special Publication 32. 337 pp.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-04. Retrieved 2008-01-07
. Conover, G.; Simmonds, R.; Whalen, M. (2007). "Management and control plan for bighead, black, grass,
and silver carps in the United States" (PDF). Washington, DC: Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force, Asian
Carp Working Group. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-13.